Author: Per Kroll
Publisher: Addison-Wesley Professional
ISBN: 9780321166098
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 462
Book Description
The authors explain the underlying software development principles behind theRUP, and guide readers in its application in their organization.
The Rational Unified Process Made Easy
Author: Per Kroll
Publisher: Addison-Wesley Professional
ISBN: 9780321166098
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 462
Book Description
The authors explain the underlying software development principles behind theRUP, and guide readers in its application in their organization.
Publisher: Addison-Wesley Professional
ISBN: 9780321166098
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 462
Book Description
The authors explain the underlying software development principles behind theRUP, and guide readers in its application in their organization.
Agility and Discipline Made Easy
Author: Per Kroll
Publisher: Pearson Education
ISBN: 0132702487
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 668
Book Description
"The Japanese samurai Musashi wrote: 'One can win with the long sword, and one can win with the short sword. Whatever the weapon, there is a time and situation in which it is appropriate.' "Similarly, we have the long RUP and the short RUP, and all sizes in between. RUP is not a rigid, static recipe, and it evolves with the field and the practitioners, as demonstrated in this new book full of wisdom to illustrate further the liveliness of a process adopted by so many organizations around the world. Bravo!" --Philippe Kruchten, Professor, University of British Columbia "The Unified Process and its practices have had, and continue to have, a great impact on the software industry. This book is a refreshing new look at some of the principles underlying the Unified Process. It is full of practical guidance for people who want to start, or increase, their adoption of proven practices. No matter where you are today in terms of software maturity, you can start improving tomorrow." --Ivar Jacobson, Ivar Jacobson Consulting "Kroll and MacIsaac have written a must-have book. It is well organized with new principles for software development. I encounter many books I consider valuable; I consider this one indispensable, especially as it includes over 20 concrete best practices. If you are interested in making your software development shop a better one, read this book!" --Ricardo R. Garcia, President, Global Rational User Group Council, www.rational-ug.org/index.php "Agile software development is real, it works, and it's here to stay. Now is the time to come up to speed on agile best practices for the Unified Process, and this book provides a great starting point." --Scott W. Ambler, practice leader, Agile Modeling "IBM and the global economy have become increasingly dependent on software over the last decade, and our industry has evolved some discriminating best practices. Per and Bruce have captured the principles and practices of success in this concise book; a must for executives, project managers, and practitioners. These ideas are progressive, but they strike the right balance between agility and governance and will form the foundation for successful systems and software developers for a long time." --Walker Royce, Vice President, IBM Software Services-Rational "Finally, the RUP is presented in digestible, byte-size pieces. Kroll and MacIsaac effectively describe a set of practices that can be adopted in a low-ceremony, ad hoc fashion, suited to the culture of the more agile project team, while allowing them to understand how to scale their process as needed." --Dean Leffingwell, author and software business advisor and executive "This text fills an important gap in the knowledge-base of our industry: providing agile practices in the proven, scalable framework of the Unified Process. With each practice able to be throttled to the unique context of a development organization, Kroll and MacIsaac provide software teams with the ability to balance agility and discipline as appropriate for their specific needs." --Brian G. Lyons, CTO, Number Six Software, Inc. In Agility and Discipline Made Easy, Rational Unified Process (RUP) and Open Unified Process (OpenUP) experts Per Kroll and Bruce MacIsaac share twenty well-defined best practices that you and your team can start adopting today to improve the agility, predictability, speed, and cost of software development. Kroll and MacIsaac outline proven principles for software development, and supply a number of supporting practices for each. You'll learn what problems each practice addresses and how you can best leverage RUP and OpenUP (an open-source version of the Unified Process) to make the practice work for you. You'll find proactive, prescriptive guidance on how to adopt the practices with minimal risk and implement as much or as little of RUP or OpenUP as you want. Learn how to apply sample practices from the Unified Process so you can Execute your project in iterations Embrace and manage change Test your own code Describe requirements from the user perspective Architect with components and services Model key perspectives Whether you are interested in agile or disciplined development using RUP, OpenUP, or other agile processes, this book will help you reduce the anxiety and cost associated with software improvement by providing an easy, non-intrusive path toward improved results--without overwhelming you and your team.
Publisher: Pearson Education
ISBN: 0132702487
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 668
Book Description
"The Japanese samurai Musashi wrote: 'One can win with the long sword, and one can win with the short sword. Whatever the weapon, there is a time and situation in which it is appropriate.' "Similarly, we have the long RUP and the short RUP, and all sizes in between. RUP is not a rigid, static recipe, and it evolves with the field and the practitioners, as demonstrated in this new book full of wisdom to illustrate further the liveliness of a process adopted by so many organizations around the world. Bravo!" --Philippe Kruchten, Professor, University of British Columbia "The Unified Process and its practices have had, and continue to have, a great impact on the software industry. This book is a refreshing new look at some of the principles underlying the Unified Process. It is full of practical guidance for people who want to start, or increase, their adoption of proven practices. No matter where you are today in terms of software maturity, you can start improving tomorrow." --Ivar Jacobson, Ivar Jacobson Consulting "Kroll and MacIsaac have written a must-have book. It is well organized with new principles for software development. I encounter many books I consider valuable; I consider this one indispensable, especially as it includes over 20 concrete best practices. If you are interested in making your software development shop a better one, read this book!" --Ricardo R. Garcia, President, Global Rational User Group Council, www.rational-ug.org/index.php "Agile software development is real, it works, and it's here to stay. Now is the time to come up to speed on agile best practices for the Unified Process, and this book provides a great starting point." --Scott W. Ambler, practice leader, Agile Modeling "IBM and the global economy have become increasingly dependent on software over the last decade, and our industry has evolved some discriminating best practices. Per and Bruce have captured the principles and practices of success in this concise book; a must for executives, project managers, and practitioners. These ideas are progressive, but they strike the right balance between agility and governance and will form the foundation for successful systems and software developers for a long time." --Walker Royce, Vice President, IBM Software Services-Rational "Finally, the RUP is presented in digestible, byte-size pieces. Kroll and MacIsaac effectively describe a set of practices that can be adopted in a low-ceremony, ad hoc fashion, suited to the culture of the more agile project team, while allowing them to understand how to scale their process as needed." --Dean Leffingwell, author and software business advisor and executive "This text fills an important gap in the knowledge-base of our industry: providing agile practices in the proven, scalable framework of the Unified Process. With each practice able to be throttled to the unique context of a development organization, Kroll and MacIsaac provide software teams with the ability to balance agility and discipline as appropriate for their specific needs." --Brian G. Lyons, CTO, Number Six Software, Inc. In Agility and Discipline Made Easy, Rational Unified Process (RUP) and Open Unified Process (OpenUP) experts Per Kroll and Bruce MacIsaac share twenty well-defined best practices that you and your team can start adopting today to improve the agility, predictability, speed, and cost of software development. Kroll and MacIsaac outline proven principles for software development, and supply a number of supporting practices for each. You'll learn what problems each practice addresses and how you can best leverage RUP and OpenUP (an open-source version of the Unified Process) to make the practice work for you. You'll find proactive, prescriptive guidance on how to adopt the practices with minimal risk and implement as much or as little of RUP or OpenUP as you want. Learn how to apply sample practices from the Unified Process so you can Execute your project in iterations Embrace and manage change Test your own code Describe requirements from the user perspective Architect with components and services Model key perspectives Whether you are interested in agile or disciplined development using RUP, OpenUP, or other agile processes, this book will help you reduce the anxiety and cost associated with software improvement by providing an easy, non-intrusive path toward improved results--without overwhelming you and your team.
Adopting the Rational Unified Process
Author: Stefan Bergström
Publisher: Addison-Wesley Professional
ISBN:
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 280
Book Description
- Helps organizations tackle the complexity of implementation and begin seeing immediate return on their significant RUP investment - Another in a successful line of books from authors at Rational/IBM, and the latest in the acclaimed Object Technology Series - Significant co-marketing opportunities with Rational/IBM
Publisher: Addison-Wesley Professional
ISBN:
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 280
Book Description
- Helps organizations tackle the complexity of implementation and begin seeing immediate return on their significant RUP investment - Another in a successful line of books from authors at Rational/IBM, and the latest in the acclaimed Object Technology Series - Significant co-marketing opportunities with Rational/IBM
The Rational Unified Process
Author: Philippe Kruchten
Publisher: Addison-Wesley Professional
ISBN: 9780321197702
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 332
Book Description
bull; Reflects all of the changes that were integrated into RUP v2003-the latest version of the very popular produc t bull; Learn the key concepts, fundamentals of structure, integral content, and motivation behind the RUP bull; Covers all phases of the software development lifecycle -from concept, to delivery, to revision
Publisher: Addison-Wesley Professional
ISBN: 9780321197702
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 332
Book Description
bull; Reflects all of the changes that were integrated into RUP v2003-the latest version of the very popular produc t bull; Learn the key concepts, fundamentals of structure, integral content, and motivation behind the RUP bull; Covers all phases of the software development lifecycle -from concept, to delivery, to revision
Project Management with the IBM Rational Unified Process
Author: R. Dennis Gibbs
Publisher: Prentice Hall Professional
ISBN: 0132704404
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 311
Book Description
· Master win–win techniques for managing outsourced and offshore projects, from procurement and risk mitigation to maintenance · Use RUP to implement best-practice project management throughout the software development lifecycle · Overcome key management challenges, from changing requirements to managing user expectations The Hands-On, Start-to-Finish Guide to Managing Software Projects with the IBM® Rational Unified Process® This is the definitive guide to managing software development projects with the IBM Rational Unified Process (RUP®). Drawing on his extensive experience managing projects with the RUP, R. Dennis Gibbs covers the entire development lifecycle, from planning and requirements to post-mortems and system maintenance. Gibbs offers especially valuable insights into using the RUP to manage outsourced projects and any project relying on distributed development teams—outsourced, insourced, or both. This “from the trenches” guidebook is invaluable for anyone interested in best practices for managing software development: project managers, team leaders, procurement and contracting specialists, quality assurance and software process professionals, consultants, and developers. If you’re already using the RUP, Gibbs will help you more effectively use it. Whatever your role or the RUP experience, you’ll learn ways to · Simplify and streamline the management of any large-scale or outsourced project · Overcome the challenges of using the RUP in software project management · Optimize software procurement and supplier relationships, from Request for Proposals (RFPs) and contracts to delivery · Staff high-performance project teams and project management offices · Establish productive, consistent development environments · Run effective project kickoffs · Systematically identify and mitigate project risks · Manage the technical and business challenges of changing requirements · Organize iterations and testing in incremental development processes · Transition new systems into service: from managing expectations to migrating data · Plan system maintenance and implement effective change control · Learn all you can from project post-mortems—and put those lessons into practice
Publisher: Prentice Hall Professional
ISBN: 0132704404
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 311
Book Description
· Master win–win techniques for managing outsourced and offshore projects, from procurement and risk mitigation to maintenance · Use RUP to implement best-practice project management throughout the software development lifecycle · Overcome key management challenges, from changing requirements to managing user expectations The Hands-On, Start-to-Finish Guide to Managing Software Projects with the IBM® Rational Unified Process® This is the definitive guide to managing software development projects with the IBM Rational Unified Process (RUP®). Drawing on his extensive experience managing projects with the RUP, R. Dennis Gibbs covers the entire development lifecycle, from planning and requirements to post-mortems and system maintenance. Gibbs offers especially valuable insights into using the RUP to manage outsourced projects and any project relying on distributed development teams—outsourced, insourced, or both. This “from the trenches” guidebook is invaluable for anyone interested in best practices for managing software development: project managers, team leaders, procurement and contracting specialists, quality assurance and software process professionals, consultants, and developers. If you’re already using the RUP, Gibbs will help you more effectively use it. Whatever your role or the RUP experience, you’ll learn ways to · Simplify and streamline the management of any large-scale or outsourced project · Overcome the challenges of using the RUP in software project management · Optimize software procurement and supplier relationships, from Request for Proposals (RFPs) and contracts to delivery · Staff high-performance project teams and project management offices · Establish productive, consistent development environments · Run effective project kickoffs · Systematically identify and mitigate project risks · Manage the technical and business challenges of changing requirements · Organize iterations and testing in incremental development processes · Transition new systems into service: from managing expectations to migrating data · Plan system maintenance and implement effective change control · Learn all you can from project post-mortems—and put those lessons into practice
IBM Rational Unified Process Reference and Certification Guide
Author: Ahmad K. Shuja
Publisher: IBM Press
ISBN: 9780131562929
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 307
Book Description
The Only Official RUP® Certification Prep Guide and Compact RUP Reference The IBM® Rational Unified Process® has become the de facto industry-standard process for large-scale enterprise software development. The IBM Certified Solution Designer - IBM Rational Unified Process V7.0 certification provides a powerful way for solutions developers to demonstrate their proficiency with RUP. The first and only official RUP certification guide, this book fully reflects the latest versions of the Rational Unified Process and of the IBM RUP exam. Authored by two leading RUP implementers, it draws on extensive contributions and careful reviews by the IBM RUP process leader and RUP certification manager. This book covers every facet of RUP usage. It has been carefully organized to help you prepare for your exam quickly and efficiently--and to provide a handy, compact reference you can rely on for years to come. Coverage includes A full section on RUP exam preparation and a 52-question practice exam Core RUP concepts, the new RUP process architecture, and key principles of business-driven development RUP's architecture-centric approach to iterative development: practical issues and scenarios Patterns for successful RUP project implementation–and “anti-patterns” to avoid The Unified Method Architecture (UMA): basic content and process elements RUP content disciplines, in depth: Business Modeling, Requirements, Analysis and Design, Implementation, Test, Deployment, Project Management, Change and Configuration Management, and Environment Essential RUP work products, roles, and tasks RUP phases, activities, and milestones RUP tailoring and tools for your organization--including introductions to IBM Rational Method Composer (RMC) and MyRUP
Publisher: IBM Press
ISBN: 9780131562929
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 307
Book Description
The Only Official RUP® Certification Prep Guide and Compact RUP Reference The IBM® Rational Unified Process® has become the de facto industry-standard process for large-scale enterprise software development. The IBM Certified Solution Designer - IBM Rational Unified Process V7.0 certification provides a powerful way for solutions developers to demonstrate their proficiency with RUP. The first and only official RUP certification guide, this book fully reflects the latest versions of the Rational Unified Process and of the IBM RUP exam. Authored by two leading RUP implementers, it draws on extensive contributions and careful reviews by the IBM RUP process leader and RUP certification manager. This book covers every facet of RUP usage. It has been carefully organized to help you prepare for your exam quickly and efficiently--and to provide a handy, compact reference you can rely on for years to come. Coverage includes A full section on RUP exam preparation and a 52-question practice exam Core RUP concepts, the new RUP process architecture, and key principles of business-driven development RUP's architecture-centric approach to iterative development: practical issues and scenarios Patterns for successful RUP project implementation–and “anti-patterns” to avoid The Unified Method Architecture (UMA): basic content and process elements RUP content disciplines, in depth: Business Modeling, Requirements, Analysis and Design, Implementation, Test, Deployment, Project Management, Change and Configuration Management, and Environment Essential RUP work products, roles, and tasks RUP phases, activities, and milestones RUP tailoring and tools for your organization--including introductions to IBM Rational Method Composer (RMC) and MyRUP
UML 2 and the Unified Process
Author: Jim Arlow
Publisher: Pearson Education
ISBN: 0132702630
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 769
Book Description
"This book manages to convey the practical use of UML 2 in clear and understandable terms with many examples and guidelines. Even for people not working with the Unified Process, the book is still of great use. UML 2 and the Unified Process, Second Edition is a must-read for every UML 2 beginner and a helpful guide and reference for the experienced practitioner." --Roland Leibundgut, Technical Director, Zuehlke Engineering Ltd. "This book is a good starting point for organizations and individuals who are adopting UP and need to understand how to provide visualization of the different aspects needed to satisfy it. " --Eric Naiburg, Market Manager, Desktop Products, IBM Rational Software This thoroughly revised edition provides an indispensable and practical guide to the complex process of object-oriented analysis and design using UML 2. It describes how the process of OO analysis and design fits into the software development lifecycle as defined by the Unified Process (UP). UML 2 and the Unified Process contains a wealth of practical, powerful, and useful techniques that you can apply immediately. As you progress through the text, you will learn OO analysis and design techniques, UML syntax and semantics, and the relevant aspects of the UP. The book provides you with an accurate and succinct summary of both UML and UP from the point of view of the OO analyst and designer. This book provides Chapter roadmaps, detailed diagrams, and margin notes allowing you to focus on your needs Outline summaries for each chapter, making it ideal for revision, and a comprehensive index that can be used as a reference New to this edition: Completely revised and updated for UML 2 syntax Easy to understand explanations of the new UML 2 semantics More real-world examples A new section on the Object Constraint Language (OCL) Introductory material on the OMG's Model Driven Architecture (MDA) The accompanying website provides A complete example of a simple e-commerce system Open source tools for requirements engineering and use case modeling Industrial-strength UML course materials based on the book
Publisher: Pearson Education
ISBN: 0132702630
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 769
Book Description
"This book manages to convey the practical use of UML 2 in clear and understandable terms with many examples and guidelines. Even for people not working with the Unified Process, the book is still of great use. UML 2 and the Unified Process, Second Edition is a must-read for every UML 2 beginner and a helpful guide and reference for the experienced practitioner." --Roland Leibundgut, Technical Director, Zuehlke Engineering Ltd. "This book is a good starting point for organizations and individuals who are adopting UP and need to understand how to provide visualization of the different aspects needed to satisfy it. " --Eric Naiburg, Market Manager, Desktop Products, IBM Rational Software This thoroughly revised edition provides an indispensable and practical guide to the complex process of object-oriented analysis and design using UML 2. It describes how the process of OO analysis and design fits into the software development lifecycle as defined by the Unified Process (UP). UML 2 and the Unified Process contains a wealth of practical, powerful, and useful techniques that you can apply immediately. As you progress through the text, you will learn OO analysis and design techniques, UML syntax and semantics, and the relevant aspects of the UP. The book provides you with an accurate and succinct summary of both UML and UP from the point of view of the OO analyst and designer. This book provides Chapter roadmaps, detailed diagrams, and margin notes allowing you to focus on your needs Outline summaries for each chapter, making it ideal for revision, and a comprehensive index that can be used as a reference New to this edition: Completely revised and updated for UML 2 syntax Easy to understand explanations of the new UML 2 semantics More real-world examples A new section on the Object Constraint Language (OCL) Introductory material on the OMG's Model Driven Architecture (MDA) The accompanying website provides A complete example of a simple e-commerce system Open source tools for requirements engineering and use case modeling Industrial-strength UML course materials based on the book
Managing Iterative Software Development Projects
Author: Kurt Bittner
Publisher: Addison-Wesley Professional
ISBN: 0132702568
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 670
Book Description
The Practical, Start-to-Finish Guide to Planning and Leading Iterative Software Projects Iterative processes have gained widespread acceptance because they help software developers reduce risk and cost, manage change, improve productivity, and deliver more effective, timely solutions. But conventional project management techniques don’t work well in iterative projects, and newer iterative management techniques have been poorly documented. Managing Iterative Software Development Projects is the solution: a relentlessly practical guide to planning, organizing, estimating, staffing, and managing any iterative project, from start to finish. Leading iterative development experts Kurt Bittner and Ian Spence introduce a proven, scalable approach that improves both agility and control at the same time, satisfying the needs of developers, managers, and the business alike. Their techniques are easy to understand, and easy to use with any iterative methodology, from Rational Unified Process to Extreme Programming to the Microsoft Solutions Framework. Whatever your role–team leader, program manager, project manager, developer, sponsor, or user representative–this book will help you Understand the key drivers of success in iterative projects Leverage “time boxing” to define project lifecycles and measure results Use Unified Process phases to facilitate controlled iterative development Master core concepts of iterative project management, including layering and evolution Create project roadmaps, including release plans Discover key patterns of risk management, estimation, organization, and iteration planning Understand what must be controlled centrally, and what you can safely delegate Transition smoothly to iterative processes Scale iterative project management from the smallest to the largest projects Align software investments with the needs of the business Whether you are interested in software development using RUP, OpenUP, or other agile processes, this book will help you reduce the anxiety and cost associated with software improvement by providing an easy, non-intrusive path toward improved results–without overwhelming you and your team.
Publisher: Addison-Wesley Professional
ISBN: 0132702568
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 670
Book Description
The Practical, Start-to-Finish Guide to Planning and Leading Iterative Software Projects Iterative processes have gained widespread acceptance because they help software developers reduce risk and cost, manage change, improve productivity, and deliver more effective, timely solutions. But conventional project management techniques don’t work well in iterative projects, and newer iterative management techniques have been poorly documented. Managing Iterative Software Development Projects is the solution: a relentlessly practical guide to planning, organizing, estimating, staffing, and managing any iterative project, from start to finish. Leading iterative development experts Kurt Bittner and Ian Spence introduce a proven, scalable approach that improves both agility and control at the same time, satisfying the needs of developers, managers, and the business alike. Their techniques are easy to understand, and easy to use with any iterative methodology, from Rational Unified Process to Extreme Programming to the Microsoft Solutions Framework. Whatever your role–team leader, program manager, project manager, developer, sponsor, or user representative–this book will help you Understand the key drivers of success in iterative projects Leverage “time boxing” to define project lifecycles and measure results Use Unified Process phases to facilitate controlled iterative development Master core concepts of iterative project management, including layering and evolution Create project roadmaps, including release plans Discover key patterns of risk management, estimation, organization, and iteration planning Understand what must be controlled centrally, and what you can safely delegate Transition smoothly to iterative processes Scale iterative project management from the smallest to the largest projects Align software investments with the needs of the business Whether you are interested in software development using RUP, OpenUP, or other agile processes, this book will help you reduce the anxiety and cost associated with software improvement by providing an easy, non-intrusive path toward improved results–without overwhelming you and your team.
Refactoring
Author: Martin Fowler
Publisher: Addison-Wesley Professional
ISBN: 0201485672
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 461
Book Description
Refactoring is gaining momentum amongst the object oriented programming community. It can transform the internal dynamics of applications and has the capacity to transform bad code into good code. This book offers an introduction to refactoring.
Publisher: Addison-Wesley Professional
ISBN: 0201485672
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 461
Book Description
Refactoring is gaining momentum amongst the object oriented programming community. It can transform the internal dynamics of applications and has the capacity to transform bad code into good code. This book offers an introduction to refactoring.
The Unified Process Explained
Author: Kendall Scott
Publisher: Addison-Wesley Professional
ISBN:
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 212
Book Description
Since its inception Research in Labor Economics has published over 350 articles encompassing a wide range of themes and spanning an array of labor economics topics. Authors have ranged from young scholars with much potential to mature leaders in the field, including Nobel Prize and John Bates Clark award winners. Over the years Research in Labor Economics has continued to present important new research in labor economics. It covers themes such as labor supply, work effort, schooling, on-the-job training, earnings distribution, discrimination, migration, and the effects of government policies on worker well-being. It aims to apply economic theory and econometrics to analyze important policy-related questions, often with an international focus. To commemorate Research in Labor Economics¿s 35th anniversary, this retrospective edition contains 20 of the most influential Research in Labor Economics articles along with new introductory prefatory updates written by the original authors. These new prefaces emphasize recent developments that each article might have inspired and also discuss remaining unanswered questions.
Publisher: Addison-Wesley Professional
ISBN:
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 212
Book Description
Since its inception Research in Labor Economics has published over 350 articles encompassing a wide range of themes and spanning an array of labor economics topics. Authors have ranged from young scholars with much potential to mature leaders in the field, including Nobel Prize and John Bates Clark award winners. Over the years Research in Labor Economics has continued to present important new research in labor economics. It covers themes such as labor supply, work effort, schooling, on-the-job training, earnings distribution, discrimination, migration, and the effects of government policies on worker well-being. It aims to apply economic theory and econometrics to analyze important policy-related questions, often with an international focus. To commemorate Research in Labor Economics¿s 35th anniversary, this retrospective edition contains 20 of the most influential Research in Labor Economics articles along with new introductory prefatory updates written by the original authors. These new prefaces emphasize recent developments that each article might have inspired and also discuss remaining unanswered questions.