The Potential for Using Combined Heat and Power (CHP) in Greenhouses PDF Download
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Author: B. J. Bailey
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Greenhouses
Languages : en
Pages : 11
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Book Description
Author: B. J. Bailey
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Greenhouses
Languages : en
Pages : 11
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Book Description
Author: Stephen Martz
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cogeneration of electric power and heat
Languages : en
Pages : 102
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Book Description
Author: Fadhlillah Adnan
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN: 9783847338642
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 100
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Book Description
Combined heat and power (CHP) systems (also known as CHP) generate electricity (and/or mechanical energy) and thermal energy in a single, integrated system. This contrasts with common practice where electricity is generated at a central power plant, and on-site heating and cooling equipment is used to meet non-electric energy requirements. The significant increase in efficiency with CHP resulting in lower fuel consumption compared with separate generation of heat and power is inline with Government direction in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This book therefore, study the potential of CHP programs in Malaysian Pulp and Paper Industry and then rank the best CHP technologies available to be implemented. The analysis on the cost effectiveness of CHP will be performed in three case studies using software called RETScreen. The priority of available CHP options were weighed according to the pay back period (PBP), internal rate of return (IRR), net present value (NPV) and also the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction cost. As a conclusion, industries with similar facilities as the case studes can view the potential of CHP and then apply the technology in their plant.
Author: Luis Daniel Montoya
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 56
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Book Description
In order to address rising energy costs and global climate change, Massachusetts has adopted greenhouse gas reduction goals and implemented programs and policies to promote the clean and efficient use of energy. Despite these efforts, however, the rate of development of distributed generation (DG) in the state pales in comparison to that of traditional centralized generation facilitates. DG is the production of electricity at or near the location where it will be used. Instead of relying on power generated at large, centrally located facilities and distributed over long transmission lines, DG customers use small, modular generators to produce the power they use. DG units can generate electricity using wind turbines, solar panels, fuel cells, gas powered microturbines or other combustion engines. One class of DG, combined heat and power (CHP), has the immediate potential to accelerate DG growth and drastically improve the efficiency of electricity production. But technical and regulatory barriers associated with interconnection to the electricity grid and general project management challenges inhibit the wide-scale development of CHP. This thesis argues that although Massachusetts has worked hard to bring together members of the public and private sectors to address multiple barriers to DG, specific technical, regulatory, and logistical barriers continue to hinder the ability of Massachusetts energy customers to realize the potential economic and environmental benefits of DG, and CHP specifically. Case studies of CHP projects in Massachusetts are used to illustrate the variety of barriers facing potential CHP customers in the state and how public policy interventions can address those barriers.
Author: Martin Kaltschmitt
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9781461458197
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 1898
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Book Description
Humanity is facing a steadily diminishing supply of fossil fuels, causing researchers, policy makers, and the population as a whole to turn increasingly to alternative and especially renewable sources of energy to make up this deficit. Gathering over 80 peer-reviewed entries from the Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technologies, Renewable Energy Systems provides an authoritative introduction to a wide variety of renewable energy sources. State-of-the-art coverage includes geothermal power stations, ocean energy, renewable energy from biomass, waste to energy, and wind power. This comprehensive, two-volume work provides an excellent introduction for those entering these fields, as well as new insights for advanced researchers, industry experts, and decision makers.
Author: R Beith
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0857092758
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 553
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Book Description
Small and micro combined heat and power (CHP) systems are a form of cogeneration technology suitable for domestic and community buildings, commercial establishments and industrial facilities, as well as local heat networks. One of the benefits of using cogeneration plant is a vastly improved energy efficiency: in some cases achieving up to 80–90% systems efficiency, whereas small-scale electricity production is typically at well below 40% efficiency, using the same amount of fuel. This higher efficiency affords users greater energy security and increased long-term sustainability of energy resources, while lower overall emissions levels also contribute to an improved environmental performance.Small and micro combined heat and power (CHP) systems provides a systematic and comprehensive review of the technological and practical developments of small and micro CHP systems.Part one opens with reviews of small and micro CHP systems and their techno-economic and performance assessment, as well as their integration into distributed energy systems and their increasing utilisation of biomass fuels. Part two focuses on the development of different types of CHP technology, including internal combustion and reciprocating engines, gas turbines and microturbines, Stirling engines, organic Rankine cycle process and fuel cell systems. Heat-activated cooling (i.e. trigeneration) technologies and energy storage systems, of importance to the regional/seasonal viability of this technology round out this section. Finally, part three covers the range of applications of small and micro CHP systems, from residential buildings and district heating, to commercial buildings and industrial applications, as well as reviewing the market deployment of this important technology.With its distinguished editor and international team of expert contributors, Small and micro combined heat and power (CHP) systems is an essential reference work for anyone involved or interested in the design, development, installation and optimisation of small and micro CHP systems. - Reviews small- and micro-CHP systems and their techno-economic and performance assessment - Explores integration into distributed energy systems and their increasing utilisation of biomass fuels - Focuses on the development of different types of CHP technology, including internal combustion and reciprocating engines
Author: Nicholas Jenkins
Publisher: IET
ISBN: 0852967748
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 293
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Book Description
This book, intended for both students and practising engineers, addresses all the issues pertinent to the implementation of embedded generation.
Author: Ennio Macchi
Publisher: Woodhead Publishing
ISBN: 0081005113
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 700
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Book Description
Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) Power Systems: Technologies and Applications provides a systematic and detailed description of organic Rankine cycle technologies and the way they are increasingly of interest for cost-effective sustainable energy generation. Popular applications include cogeneration from biomass and electricity generation from geothermal reservoirs and concentrating solar power installations, as well as waste heat recovery from gas turbines, internal combustion engines and medium- and low-temperature industrial processes. With hundreds of ORC power systems already in operation and the market growing at a fast pace, this is an active and engaging area of scientific research and technical development. The book is structured in three main parts: (i) Introduction to ORC Power Systems, Design and Optimization, (ii) ORC Plant Components, and (iii) Fields of Application. - Provides a thorough introduction to ORC power systems - Contains detailed chapters on ORC plant components - Includes a section focusing on ORC design and optimization - Reviews key applications of ORC technologies, including cogeneration from biomass, electricity generation from geothermal reservoirs and concentrating solar power installations, waste heat recovery from gas turbines, internal combustion engines and medium- and low-temperature industrial processes - Various chapters are authored by well-known specialists from Academia and ORC manufacturers
Author: Jennie C. Stephens
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107047285
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 217
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Book Description
This book explores smart grid from a social perspective, for advanced students, academic researchers, and energy professionals.
Author: Saeed A. Alqaed
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cogeneration of electric power and heat
Languages : en
Pages : 104
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Book Description
Combined heat and power (CHP) systems are increasingly used in conjunction with traditional grid power for industrial and residential applications. This technology most often involves the on-site combustion of primary fuel, such that both electrical and thermal energy can be utilized to increase overall efficiency. It is also possible to create electrical and thermal energy from solar radiation, using hybrid photovoltaics and thermal (PVT) collectors. These are designed to lower the photovoltaic temperature, improving electrical efficiency, while providing useful thermal energy. One of the key steps in deploying CHP technology is optimal sizing and energy dispatch for a particular application. This work considers these problems for a natural gas powered CHP in a multi-family residential building in North America, and PVT for desalination in remote areas in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). It has already been established that CHP for building applications can reduce grid power requirement and lower overall energy costs. However, no comprehensive study has considered optimizing CHPs for multi-family residences. Although this type of building represents a significant fraction of overall energy consumption in the US and world, they have been shown to be significantly less efficient than other types of residences. Also, due to significant thermal demand in the form of hot-water, multi-family residences are particularly well-suited for CHP.Two separate natural gas powered CHP designs for a multi-family residence are presented in this work, both conceived as retrofits to an existing building. These designs use historical demand data from an all-electric 120-unit multi-family residence in Columbus, Ohio, US that was built in 2008 to minimum code standards. The first design uses a CHP that operates intermittently to meet partial loads for electricity and hot water in order to reduce overall energy cost, when considering a demand sensitive grid power cost pricing schedule. A mathematical model is developed for activating the CHP and dispatching its electric power to the building and thermal energy to a central hot water tank. The modeling includes a detailed cost function, which is optimized over the CHP and storage tank sizes under a constraint on the CHP duty cycle.The second CHP design for a multi-family residence considers a cold climate, such that the building would have greater thermal energy needs. In this case, the CHP is used in conjunction with a ground-coupled geothermal heat pump (GCHP) system, forming a hybrid design. GCHP systems use the ground as a heat source or sink to improve the efficiency of space heating and cooling, and GCHP is often used in residential and commercial buildings due to their higher efficiency and lower environmental impact. However, for a heating-dominated climate, the residential building would take more thermal energy from the ground in the winter than it returns in the summer, causing the ground temperature to drop over time. To correct this, the design presented here operates the CHP continuously, and passes its excess thermal energy to the ground, thus enabling the possibility for balancing the heating and cooling of the ground over each year. On the electrical side of the system, a battery storage element is added to better match the variations in load to the continuous CHP electrical output. The third CHP design considered in this work uses PVT for desalination in a hot, dry climate. As global demand for fresh water increases, desalination technology is becoming more important because natural supplies of fresh water are fixed. Desalination activity is largely concentrated in the Middle East, where dry Arab countries rely on desalination to meet their fresh water demand. The energy needed for desalination in the Middle East is mainly provided by burning oil, raising concerns about greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and, frankly, increasingly depleted supply. In this context, this work presents a PVT design to power reverse-osmosis membrane desalination, most appropriate for small, remote communities in KSA. It has been shown that the energy demands for RO can be reduced by pre-heating the feed brine. Therefore, the design uses the thermal energy from PVT to pre-heat the feedwater and the electrical energy to satisfy the RO pumping demands. Thermal and battery storage, along with conventional backup power, are necessary in order to operate the RO continuously and utilize all of the renewable energy collected by the PVT. The design allows for sizing of the components in order to achieve minimum cost at any desired level of renewable energy penetration. The performance of each design presented in this work is measured primarily in terms of economic cost and carbon reduction. Savings relative to using conventional grid power are computed, allowing for determination of payback time and net present value. Results indicate that each CHP design provides both cost advantage and carbon reduction, spread out over the system lifetime. The scale of the advantages is examined as a function of parameters such as natural gas and grid power prices.
