The Neural Circuitry of Social Behavior in C. Elegans PDF Download
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Author: Evan Z. Macosko
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 254
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Book Description
Author: Evan Z. Macosko
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 254
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Book Description
Author: Heeun Jang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 310
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Book Description
Author: Anna Menini
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1420071998
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 438
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Book Description
Comprehensive Overview of Advances in OlfactionThe common belief is that human smell perception is much reduced compared with other mammals, so that whatever abilities are uncovered and investigated in animal research would have little significance for humans. However, new evidence from a variety of sources indicates this traditional view is likely
Author: Theodore B. Achacoso
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780849342349
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 298
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Book Description
AY's Neuroanatomy of C. elegans for Computation provides the neural circuitry database of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, both in printed form and in ASCII files on 5.25-inch diskettes (for use on IBM® and compatible personal computers, Macintosh® computers, and higher level machines). Tables of connections among neuron classes, synapses among individual neurons, gap junctions among neurons, worm cells and their embryonic origin, and synthetically derived neuromuscular connections are presented together with the references from which the data were compiled and edited. Sample data files and source codes of FORTRAN and BASIC programs are provided to illustrate the use of mathematical tools for any researcher or student interested in examining a natural neural network and discovering what makes it tick.
Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0080951155
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 218
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Book Description
Genes interact with the environment, experience, and biology of the brain to shape an animal's behavior. This latest volume in Advances in Genetics, organized according to the most widely used model organisms, describes the latest genetic discoveries in relation to neural circuit development and activity. - Explores the latest topics in neural circuits and behavior research in zebrafish, drosophila, C.elegans, and mouse models - Includes methods for testing with ethical, legal, and social implications - Critically analyzes future prospects
Author: Hiroyuki Sasakura
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
ISBN: 0128071591
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 41
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Book Description
Thermotaxis of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is a suitable behavior for the study of neural plasticity. The simple neural circuit for thermotaxis provides the guideline for information processing. Recently developed techniques for optically manipulating neuronal activity and neural imaging have facilitated the dissection of such neural processing. Thermosensory neurons remember sensed temperatures. Part of highly sophisticated and complicated information flow between sensory neurons and interneurons has also been revealed. Recent finding have revealed that evolutionally conserved molecules such as insulin, monoamines, and neuropeptides are required for the plasticity. We propose the functional analogy between the thermotaxis neural circuit and human brain structure, which may help elucidation of the in-depth circuit operation of human brain.
Author: Kishan Mehrotra
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 9780262133289
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 376
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Book Description
Elements of Artificial Neural Networks provides a clearly organized general introduction, focusing on a broad range of algorithms, for students and others who want to use neural networks rather than simply study them. The authors, who have been developing and team teaching the material in a one-semester course over the past six years, describe most of the basic neural network models (with several detailed solved examples) and discuss the rationale and advantages of the models, as well as their limitations. The approach is practical and open-minded and requires very little mathematical or technical background. Written from a computer science and statistics point of view, the text stresses links to contiguous fields and can easily serve as a first course for students in economics and management. The opening chapter sets the stage, presenting the basic concepts in a clear and objective way and tackling important -- yet rarely addressed -- questions related to the use of neural networks in practical situations. Subsequent chapters on supervised learning (single layer and multilayer networks), unsupervised learning, and associative models are structured around classes of problems to which networks can be applied. Applications are discussed along with the algorithms. A separate chapter takes up optimization methods. The most frequently used algorithms, such as backpropagation, are introduced early on, right after perceptrons, so that these can form the basis for initiating course projects. Algorithms published as late as 1995 are also included. All of the algorithms are presented using block-structured pseudo-code, and exercises are provided throughout. Software implementing many commonly used neural network algorithms is available at the book's website. Transparency masters, including abbreviated text and figures for the entire book, are available for instructors using the text.
Author: Timothy G. Geary
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1441969020
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 246
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Book Description
The need to continually discover new agents for the control or treatment of invertebrate pests and pathogens is undeniable. Agriculture, both animal and plant, succeeds only to the extent that arthropod and helminth consumers, vectors and pathogens can be kept at bay. Humans and their companion animals are also plagued by invertebrate parasites. The deployment of chemical agents for these purposes inevitably elicits the selection of resistant populations of the targets of control, necessitating a regular introduction of new kinds of molecules. Experience in other areas of chemotherapy has shown that a thorough understanding of the biology of disease is an essential platform upon which to build a discovery program. Unfortunately, investment of research resources into understanding the basic physiology of invertebrates as a strategy to illuminate new molecular targets for pesticide and parasiticide discovery has been scarce, and the pace of introduction of new molecules for these indications has been slowed as a result. An exciting and so far unexploited area to explore in this regard is invertebrate neuropeptide physiology. This book was assembled to focus attention on this promising field by compiling a comprehensive review of recent research on neuropeptides in arthropods and helminths, with contributions from many of the leading laboratories working on these systems.
Author: Manon Guillermin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 97
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Book Description
Adaptability is essential to organisms' fitness and survival. Evolutionary success depends on access to an array of behavioral choices in the face of changing environmental conditions. To navigate complex landscapes, organisms can interpret the significance of sensory stimuli, and assign context-appropriate valence, by integrating factors such as cues from their internal and external environments, and memories of previously experienced conditions, to dynamically shape neural circuits and generate ethologically relevant behaviors. In this thesis, I explore the cellular and molecular mechanisms that shape the carbon dioxide (CO2) circuit in the free-living nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans. CO2 is a complex sensory cue that can signify the presence of fruitful or dangerous surroundings. As a result, C. elegans can display a variety of different behaviors in response to CO2, from robust attraction to robust avoidance. Although sensory signaling of the CO2-responsive BAG neurons has been extensively characterized, how BAG communicates with postsynaptic interneurons, and how the CO2 signal is propagated through the nervous system to generate a context-appropriate behavior is unknown. First, we have found that neuromodulatory state and environmental oxygen (O2) levels converge on the CO2 circuit via the URX sensory neurons. The lab-derived N2 C. elegans strain expresses high levels of NPR-1 neuropeptide receptor, which inhibits URX and results in CO2 avoidance, regardless of environmental O2. In the C. elegans wild isolate "Hawaii", loss of npr-1 leads to modulation of URX by environmental O2, and results in CO2 avoidance at low O2, and loss of CO2-evoked behavior at high O2. Second, we present a new circuit motif that demonstrates how divergent responses to a single sensory input, CO2, can arise from an identical set of sensory and interneuron connections. We show that C. elegans exhibit an experience-dependent behavioral valence switch in response to CO2. While animals raised at ambient CO2 are repelled by CO2, animals raised in a high CO2 environment are attracted to CO2. Whether CO2 is attractive or repulsive is determined by the coordinated activity of specialized valence-encoding interneurons, AIY, RIG, and RIA, whose responses are subject to context-dependent modulation. An additional interneuron pair, AIZ, regulates behavioral sensitivity regardless of valence. Glutamatergic and neuropeptidergic signaling mediate both CO2 avoidance and attraction, and different neuropeptides play distinct roles in regulating valence and sensitivity. Our results elucidate a microcircuit motif whereby a fixed set of neurons are leveraged to generate alternative outputs in response to a single chemosensory input.
Author: Nicholas F. Trojanowski
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 364
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Book Description
Rhythmic muscular contractions are essential for many different behaviors, from locomotion to respiration. These behaviors are modulated by changes in the external environment, such as temperature shifts and presence of predators, and by internal states, such as hunger and sleep. The roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans feeds on bacteria through rhythmic contraction and relaxation of its pharynx, a neuromuscular pump innervated by a nearly independent network of just 20 neurons. Feeding rate is modulated by many environmental and physiological factors, but feeding generally persists throughout the life of the worm, ceasing only during sleep. The mechanisms by which the pharyngeal nervous system controls feeding during wake and sleep are poorly understood. I used optogenetics, genetics, and pharmacology to define the cholinergic pharyngeal circuitry that regulates feeding rate during wake, and then used similar approaches to examine how feeding is inhibited during sleep. I identified a four-neuron circuit that regulates feeding rate during wake and found that it is degenerate, meaning that multiple different classes of neurons can stimulate feeding in a similar manner. I also found that feeding quiescence is generated by distinct mechanisms during two behaviorally indistinguishable sleep states: cholinergic motor neurons are inhibited during stress-induced sleep, while the muscle is directly inhibited during developmentally timed sleep. Thus, as in mammals and despite its behavioral homogeneity, sleep in C. elegans is not a physiologically homogenous state. These results provide insight into the function of a highly conserved neural circuit that generates robust rhythmic behavior, and illustrate how this circuit can be altered in different ways to produce the same behavioral output during two distinct sleep states.
