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Author: Kenneth Joseph Arrow
Publisher: W. W. Norton
ISBN: 9780393093230
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 86
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Book Description
Author: Kenneth J. Arrow
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
ISBN: 0393355799
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 61
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Book Description
The tension between what we wish for and what we can get, between values and opportunities, exists even at the purely individual level. A hermit on a mountain may value warm clothing and yet be hard-pressed to make it from the leaves, bark, or skins he can find. But when many people are competing with each other for satisfaction of their wants, learning how to exploit what is available becomes more difficult. In this volume, Nobel Laureate Kenneth J. Arrow analyzes why - and how - human beings organize their common lives to overcome the basic economic problem: the allocation of scarce resources. The price system is one means of organizing society to mediate competition, and Arrow analyzes its successes and failures. Alternative modes of achieving efficient allocation of resources are explored: government, the internal organization of the firm, and the 'invisible institutions' of ethical and moral principles. Professor Arrow shows how these systems create channels to make decisions, and discusses the costs of information acquisition and retrieval. He investigates the factors determining which potential decision variables are recognized as such. Finally, he argues that organizations must achieve some balance between the power of the decision makers and their obligation to those who carry out their decisions - between authority and responsibility.
Author: Kenneth Joseph Arrow
Publisher: W. W. Norton
ISBN: 9780393093230
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 86
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Book Description
Author: Herbert Kaufman
Publisher: Transaction Publishers
ISBN: 1412827590
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 146
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Book Description
Author: Richard R. Nelson
Publisher: Russell Sage Foundation
ISBN: 9780871546265
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 410
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Book Description
The last quarter century has seen a broad, but qualified, belief in the efficacy of market organization slide into an unyielding dogma that the market, as unconstrained as possible, is the best way to govern virtually all economic activity. However, unrestricted markets can often lead to gross inequalities in access to important resources, the creation of monopolies, and other negative effects that require regulation or public subsidies to remedy. In The Limits of Market Organization, editor Richard Nelson and a group of economic experts take a more sophisticated look at the public/private debate, noting where markets are useful, where they can be effective only if augmented by non-market mechanisms, and where they are simply inappropriate. The Limits of Market Organization examines the appropriateness of markets in four areas where support for privatization varies widely: human services, public utilities, science and technology, and activities where market involvement is altogether inappropriate. Richard Murnane makes the case that a social interest in providing equal access to high quality education means that for school voucher plans to be effective, substantial government oversight is necessary. Federal involvement in a transcontinental railroad system was initially applauded, but recent financial troubles at Amtrak have prompted many to call for privatization of the rails. Yet contributor Elliot Sclar argues that public subsidies are the only way to maintain this vital part of the American transportation infrastructure. While market principles can promote competition and foster innovation, applying them in certain areas can actually stifle progress. Nelson argues that aggressive patenting has hindered scientific research by restricting access to tools and processes that could be used to generate new findings. He suggests that some kind of exception to patent law should be made for scientists who seek to build off of patented findings and then put their research results into the public domain. In other spheres, market organization is altogether unsuitable. Legal expert Richard Briffault looks at one such example—the democratic political process—and profiles the successes and failures of campaign finance reform in preventing parties from buying political influence. This important volume shows that market organization has its virtues, but also its drawbacks. Just as regulation can be over-applied, so too can market principles. The Limits of Market Organization encourages readers to think more discriminately about the march toward privatization, and to remember the importance of public institutions.
Author: Donella H. Meadows
Publisher: Universe Pub
ISBN: 9780876632222
Category : Economic development.
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Examines the factors which limit human economic and population growth and outlines the steps necessary for achieving a balance between population and production. Bibliogs
Author: Ernst & Young LLP
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118866967
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 1032
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Book Description
File taxes with confidence and maximize deductions with this industry-leading guide EY Tax Guide 2015 is your solution for a streamlined filing process. Authoritative and easy to follow, this trusted guide is designed to be accessible for individuals who need help navigating these turbulent financial times, providing information that can maximize deductions and avoid mistakes. Reference tables allow for quick look-up of useful information, including changes to tax law, common errors, and tax breaks, while the Special Content index points you toward answers for homeowners, senior citizens, investors, military personnel, entrepreneurs, and more. Fully updated for 2015, this guide even provides up-to-date tips on environmental credits for green initiatives. As global leader in tax and advisory services, it's no surprise that this EY (formerly Ernst & Young) guide has been rated the #1 choice in tax prep by USA Today. Distilling complex tax information into straightforward language, this resource is essential reading for anyone preparing to file a federal income tax return. You'll find hundreds of examples illustrating how tax laws work, plus sample forms and schedules that help you fill out your return step by step. We can help you save time and money as you: Discover the 50 most commonly overlooked deductions Find specific solutions to your particular circumstances Streamline the filing process with the tax organizer and tax calendar Follow a checklist of key tax breaks you may be eligible to use Preparing your own taxes doesn't have to mean wading through tax code or missing deductions. This guide contains the insight of EY professionals, plus the tools and references that can help ease the process. The EY Tax Guide 2015 provides the information you need to file your taxes yourself, with confidence.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Legal briefs
Languages : en
Pages : 182
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Author: United States. Internal Revenue Service
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Income tax
Languages : en
Pages : 694
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 1106
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Category : Construction industry
Languages : en
Pages : 1244
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