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Author: Ulla Kopp
Publisher: Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN: 1615042318
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 99
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Book Description
The kidney is innervated with efferent sympathetic nerve fibers reaching the renal vasculature, the tubules, the juxtaglomerular granular cells, and the renal pelvic wall. The renal sensory nerves are mainly found in the renal pelvic wall. Increases in efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity reduce renal blood flow and urinary sodium excretion by activation of α1-adrenoceptors and increase renin secretion rate by activation of β1-adrenoceptors. In response to normal physiological stimulation, changes in efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity contribute importantly to homeostatic regulation of sodium and water balance. The renal mechanosensory nerves are activated by stretch of the renal pelvic tissue produced by increases in renal pelvic tissue of a magnitude that may occur during increased urine flow rate. Activation of the sensory nerves elicits an inhibitory renorenal reflex response consisting of decreases in efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity leading to natriuresis. Increasing efferent sympathetic nerve activity increases afferent renal nerve activity which, in turn, decreases efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity by activation of the renorenal reflexes. Thus, activation of the afferent renal nerves buffers changes in efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity in the overall goal of maintaining sodium balance. In pathological conditions of sodium retention, impairment of the inhibitory renorenal reflexes contributes to an inappropriately increased efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity in the presence of sodium retention. In states of renal disease or injury, there is a shift from inhibitory to excitatory reflexes originating in the kidney. Studies in essential hypertensive patients have shown that renal denervation results in long-term reduction in arterial pressure, suggesting an important role for the efferent and afferent renal nerves in hypertension. Table of Contents: Part I: Efferent Renal Sympathetic Nerves / Introduction / Neuroanatomy / Neural Control of Renal Hemodynamics / Neural Control of Renal Tubular Function / Neural Control of Renin Secretion Rate / Part II: Afferent Renal Sensory Nerves / Introduction / Neuroanatomy / Renorenal Reflexes / Mechanisms Involved in the Activation of Afferent Renal Sensory Nerves / Part III: Pathophysiological States / Efferent Renal Sympathetic Nerves / Afferent Renal Sensory Nerves / Conclusions / References
Author: Ulla Kopp
Publisher: Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN: 1615042318
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 99
Get Book Here
Book Description
The kidney is innervated with efferent sympathetic nerve fibers reaching the renal vasculature, the tubules, the juxtaglomerular granular cells, and the renal pelvic wall. The renal sensory nerves are mainly found in the renal pelvic wall. Increases in efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity reduce renal blood flow and urinary sodium excretion by activation of α1-adrenoceptors and increase renin secretion rate by activation of β1-adrenoceptors. In response to normal physiological stimulation, changes in efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity contribute importantly to homeostatic regulation of sodium and water balance. The renal mechanosensory nerves are activated by stretch of the renal pelvic tissue produced by increases in renal pelvic tissue of a magnitude that may occur during increased urine flow rate. Activation of the sensory nerves elicits an inhibitory renorenal reflex response consisting of decreases in efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity leading to natriuresis. Increasing efferent sympathetic nerve activity increases afferent renal nerve activity which, in turn, decreases efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity by activation of the renorenal reflexes. Thus, activation of the afferent renal nerves buffers changes in efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity in the overall goal of maintaining sodium balance. In pathological conditions of sodium retention, impairment of the inhibitory renorenal reflexes contributes to an inappropriately increased efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity in the presence of sodium retention. In states of renal disease or injury, there is a shift from inhibitory to excitatory reflexes originating in the kidney. Studies in essential hypertensive patients have shown that renal denervation results in long-term reduction in arterial pressure, suggesting an important role for the efferent and afferent renal nerves in hypertension. Table of Contents: Part I: Efferent Renal Sympathetic Nerves / Introduction / Neuroanatomy / Neural Control of Renal Hemodynamics / Neural Control of Renal Tubular Function / Neural Control of Renin Secretion Rate / Part II: Afferent Renal Sensory Nerves / Introduction / Neuroanatomy / Renorenal Reflexes / Mechanisms Involved in the Activation of Afferent Renal Sensory Nerves / Part III: Pathophysiological States / Efferent Renal Sympathetic Nerves / Afferent Renal Sensory Nerves / Conclusions / References
Author: Michael John Field
Publisher: Churchill Livingstone
ISBN: 9780702033711
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 169
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Book Description
This is an integrated textbook on the renal system, covering the anatomy, physiology and biochemistry of the system, all presented in a clinically relevant context appropriate for the first two years of the medical student course. One of the seven volumes in the Systems of the Body series. Concise text covers the core anatomy, physiology and biochemistry in an integrated manner as required by system- and problem-based medical courses. The basic science is presented in the clinical context in a way appropriate for the early part of the medical course. There is a linked website providing self-assessment material ideal for examination preparation.
Author: Dean T. Jamison
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 0821361805
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 1449
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Book Description
Based on careful analysis of burden of disease and the costs ofinterventions, this second edition of 'Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries, 2nd edition' highlights achievable priorities; measures progresstoward providing efficient, equitable care; promotes cost-effectiveinterventions to targeted populations; and encourages integrated effortsto optimize health. Nearly 500 experts - scientists, epidemiologists, health economists,academicians, and public health practitioners - from around the worldcontributed to the data sources and methodologies, and identifiedchallenges and priorities, resulting in this integrated, comprehensivereference volume on the state of health in developing countries.
Author: Chris O'Callaghan
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 9781444306323
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 132
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Book Description
Following the familiar, easy-to-use at a Glance format, and now in full-colour, The Renal System at a Glance is an accessible introduction and revision text for medical students. Fully revised and updated to reflect changes to the content and assessment methods used by medical schools, this at a Glance provides a user-friendly overview of the renal system to encapsulate all that the student needs to know. This new edition of The Renal System at a Glance: Now features new self-assessment case studies with short answer questions to increase clinical relevance and reinforce learning Includes a new chapter ‘Chronic kidney disease and kidney disease in the elderly’ Now includes the latest guidelines and classifications for chronic kidney disease and hypertension Contains full-colour artwork throughout, making the subject even easier to understand The companion site at www.ataglanceseries.com/renalsystem contains multiple choice questions (MCQs) and full feedback on your answers It’s an invaluable resource for all medical students, junior doctors, and for those training in allied health professions, including specialist nurses working on renal or intensive care wards. Review of the previous edition "Students in their pre-clinical years will find this book an excellent and thorough introduction to the renal system and may well struggle without a book of this calibre... This is a book that should be on the bookshelf of all medical students, there's no excuse not to have a copy! In addition, undergraduates from life science/health allied disciplines and clinicians are likely to find this book useful as a source of reference." —GKT Gazette, September 2006
Author: J. Gordon Betts
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781947172807
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Author: Webb
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0198855435
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 1961
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Book Description
Now in paperback, the second edition of the Oxford Textbook of Critical Care is a comprehensive multi-disciplinary text covering all aspects of adult intensive care management. Uniquely this text takes a problem-orientated approach providing a key resource for daily clinical issues in the intensive care unit. The text is organized into short topics allowing readers to rapidly access authoritative information on specific clinical problems. Each topic refers to basic physiological principles and provides up-to-date treatment advice supported by references to the most vital literature. Where international differences exist in clinical practice, authors cover alternative views. Key messages summarise each topic in order to aid quick review and decision making. Edited and written by an international group of recognized experts from many disciplines, the second edition of the Oxford Textbook of Critical Careprovides an up-to-date reference that is relevant for intensive care units and emergency departments globally. This volume is the definitive text for all health care providers, including physicians, nurses, respiratory therapists, and other allied health professionals who take care of critically ill patients.
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309172810
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 448
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Book Description
It is a commonly held belief that athletes, particularly body builders, have greater requirements for dietary protein than sedentary individuals. However, the evidence in support of this contention is controversial. This book is the latest in a series of publications designed to inform both civilian and military scientists and personnel about issues related to nutrition and military service. Among the many other stressors they experience, soldiers face unique nutritional demands during combat. Of particular concern is the role that dietary protein might play in controlling muscle mass and strength, response to injury and infection, and cognitive performance. The first part of the book contains the committee's summary of the workshop, responses to the Army's questions, conclusions, and recommendations. The remainder of the book contains papers contributed by speakers at the workshop on such topics as, the effects of aging and hormones on regulation of muscle mass and function, alterations in protein metabolism due to the stress of injury or infection, the role of individual amino acids, the components of proteins, as neurotransmitters, hormones, and modulators of various physiological processes, and the efficacy and safety considerations associated with dietary supplements aimed at enhancing performance.
Author: Michael G. Levitzky
Publisher: McGraw Hill Professional
ISBN: 1259641961
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 317
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Book Description
A clinically relevant, reader -friendly text covering everything the anesthesia provider must know about physiologyThis well-illustrated new resource is the most concise and high-yield presentation of physiology topics available to the anesthesia provider. The authors (who are both educators and clinicians) deliver a complete overview of physiology, but, since this book is written for the anesthesia provider, the bulk of the text is dedicated to cardiovascular and respiratory physiology. Clinical Physiology in Anesthetic Practice distinguishes itself from general medical physiology books by the inclusion of case studies and clinical correlation boxed inserts that emphasize key fact that relate to real-world practice. •Numerous case studies demonstrate the clinical relevance of basic science•The author are experienced educators and clinicians, and know how to present difficult concepts in the most interesting and reader-friendly manner possible•Key Points summarize must-know information, providing an excellent framework for board review
Author: Thomas C. Jones
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642803350
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 496
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Book Description
A complete update on the safety testing of foods, drugs, and chemicals in laboratory animals, featuring: - a thorough review of each subject area with extensive revision in line with new information and concepts - electron micrographs in exquisite detail to illustrate results of recent research - the effects of many carcinogens described succinctly and illustrated in detail - neoplasms described in detail and compared with natural and induced tumours in other species - standardised nomenclature. Of interest to those interested in the many applications to human patients, Urinary System: - facilitates uniform interpretation of bioassay results world-wide - provides a basis for understanding mechanisms involved in the functions and malfunctions of the most minute, but important structures of the kidneys - explains the functional significance of details by identifying the composition of structures at the molecular level. Forming a solid basis for understanding the causes and effects of disease of the urinary system, this is essential reading for pathologists, toxicologists, regulatory agencies, and all those involved in carcinogenicity and toxicity studies.
Author: Christopher J. Lote
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9780792361787
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 222
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Book Description
The strengths of this popular text { its conciseness and logical progr ession through renal physiology and pathophysiology { are retained in the 4th edition. The text has been updated throughout, and the content has been expanded to make the book eminently suitable for 'systems-ba sed' courses.
