The Intersection of Cognitive, Motor, and Sensory Processing in Aging: Links to Functional Outcomes, volume II PDF Download
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Author: Jeannette R. Mahoney
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832542824
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 120
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Book Description
Given the success of the previous edition of this Research Topic, we are pleased to announce the release of its second volume. Age-related changes can concurrently affect cognitive, motor, and sensory functioning and their interactions. For instance, age-related unisensory impairments have been linked to slower gait, functional mobility decline, increased risks of falls and reduced quality of life. Additionally, balance impairments have been associated with inefficient interactions between musculoskeletal and sensory systems which are often compromised in aging. Lastly, inefficient multisensory integration processes have been linked to increased falls, worse balance, slower gait, and increased cognitive impairments. Consequently, the successful interaction among sensory, motor and cognitive systems are an integral aspect for everyday life activities, which commonly deteriorate with age.
Author: Jeannette R. Mahoney
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832542824
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 120
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Book Description
Given the success of the previous edition of this Research Topic, we are pleased to announce the release of its second volume. Age-related changes can concurrently affect cognitive, motor, and sensory functioning and their interactions. For instance, age-related unisensory impairments have been linked to slower gait, functional mobility decline, increased risks of falls and reduced quality of life. Additionally, balance impairments have been associated with inefficient interactions between musculoskeletal and sensory systems which are often compromised in aging. Lastly, inefficient multisensory integration processes have been linked to increased falls, worse balance, slower gait, and increased cognitive impairments. Consequently, the successful interaction among sensory, motor and cognitive systems are an integral aspect for everyday life activities, which commonly deteriorate with age.
Author: Jeannette R. Mahoney
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832501885
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 208
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Book Description
Author: A.-M. Ferrandez
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080528848
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 407
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Book Description
Recently, studies on aging processes and age-related changes in behavior have been expanding considerably, probably due to the dramatic changes observed in the demographics. This increase in the overall age and proportion of elderly people has heightened the severity of problems associated with the safety and well-being of elderly persons in everyday life. Many researchers working on motor control have thus focused more intensely on the effects of age on motor control. This new avenue of research has led to programs for alleviating or delaying the specific sensory-motor limitations encountered by the elderly (e.g. falls) in an attempt to make the elderly more autonomous. The aggregation of studies from different perspectives is often fascinating, especially when the same field can serve as a common ground between researchers. Nearly all contributors to this book work on sensory-motor aging; they represent a large range of affiliations and backgrounds including psychology, neurobiology, cognitive sciences, kinesiology, neuropsychology, neuropharmacology, motor performance, physical therapy, exercise science, and human development. Addressing age-related behavioral changes can also furnish some crucial reflections in the debate about motor coordination: aging is the product of both maturational and environmental processes, and studies on aging must determine how the intricate interrelationships between these processes evolve. The study of aging makes it possible to determine how compensatory mechanisms, operating on different subsystems and each aging at its own rate, compensate for biological degenerations and changing external demands. This volume will contribute to demonstrating that the study of the aging process raises important theoretical questions.
Author: Roberto Cabeza
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0190660236
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 633
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Book Description
This second edition of the popular Cognitive Neuroscience of Aging provides up-to-date coverage of the most fundamental topics in this discipline. Like the first edition, this volume accessibly and comprehensively reviews the neural mechanisms of cognitive aging appropriate to both professionals and students in a variety of domains, including psychology, neuroscience, neuropsychology, neurology, and psychiatry. The chapters are organized into three sections. The first section focuses on major questions regarding methodological approaches and experimental design. It includes chapters on structural imaging (MRI, DTI), functional imaging (fMRI), and molecular imaging (dopamine PET, etc), and covers multimodal imaging, longitudinal studies, and the interpretation of imaging findings. The second section concentrates on specific cognitive abilities, including attention and inhibitory control, executive functions, memory, and emotion. The third section turns to domains with health and clinical implications, such as the emergence of cognitive deficits in middle age, the role of genetics, the effects of modulatory variables (hypertension, exercise, cognitive engagement), and the distinction between healthy aging and the effects of dementia and depression. Taken together, the chapters in this volume, written by many of the most eminent scientists as well as young stars in this discipline, provide a unified and comprehensive overview of cognitive neuroscience of aging.
Author: Philip Julian Sanders
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 414
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Book Description
Background: Age-related declines in health result in challenges to individuals and society. Previous research has suggested a relationship between age-related sensory and cognitive decline. A possible factor mediating this relationship is declining brain plasticity with age. If this hypothesis is correct, then measuring sensory plasticity could have clinical value for diagnosing cognitive decline. Enhancing activity-dependent plasticity through multimodal stimulation may be a means of combatting sensory decline as interactions between signals from different senses produce different brain activity to unimodal signals, and multimodal stimulation can also have beneficial effects on perception, especially in the elderly. Aims: 1) Review methods of studying multisensory temporal perception and sensory-induced plasticity. 2) Investigate whether multimodal stimulation enhances plasticity effects measured with evoked potentials, relative to unimodal stimulation in the elderly. 3) Investigate links between age-related declines in plasticity, sensory processing, and cognition, non-invasively. Methods: Reviews: A scoping review on multisensory temporal processing and a descriptive review on plasticity induced using high frequency sensory stimulation (sensory tetanization) were undertaken. Pilot and Experiment 1: Sensory evoked potentials derived from the electroencephalogram were compared before and after unimodal and multimodal sensory tetanization in an elderly group and group of young adults. Experiment 2: A correlational analysis compared scores on a cognition battery with effects of visual tetanization on visual evoked potentials and training-induced improvements on an auditory-visual simultaneity judgement task in an elderly sample. Results: Descriptive review: Evidence for functional consequences of sensory tetanization is scarce, but studies with clinical populations indicate that sensory-induced plasticity paradigms may be developed into clinical tools. Individual differences in the effects of sensory tetanization provide an interesting direction for future research. Differences in results reported between research groups have emerged as the field has progressed and are yet to be resolved. Scoping review: 106 articles were reviewed covering behaviour, neuroimaging, computational models and special populations. Recent research provides support for early integration of crossmodal information. Pilot: Multimodal stimulation produced different patterns of results to unimodal stimulation in young and elderly groups. Auditory tetanization was more likely to produce potentiation of the auditory N1 component than multimodal tetanization. Visual tetanization was more likely to produce potentiation of the visual N1b in the young group, whereas multimodal tetanization was more likely to do so in the elderly group. Potentiation effects were heterogeneous between individuals and there was evidence of cross-modal contamination. Experiment 1: Visual tetanization induced a decrease in the N1 to P2 peak-to-peak measure in the elderly group and an increase in the young group. This age-difference was negated when the elderly group received multimodal tetanization, suggesting that multimodal stimulation has the potential to rescue age-related declines in visually-induced potentiation. The young group showed less potentiation after multimodal than visual tetanization. Experiment 2: The visual N1b component was potentiated post-tetanization. Training improved simultaneity judgements. Cognition correlated with improved simultaneity judgements. Tetanization effects did not correlate with the other measures. Conclusions: A benefit in the induction of plasticity with multimodal relative to unimodal tetanization was suggested for the elderly. A possible inhibitory effect of multimodal tetanization on potentiation was suggested for the young. Multimodal tetanization may have influenced potentiation effects on evoked potentials through cross-modal interactions. Results did not suggest that plasticity decline was a common factor underlying sensory and cognitive decline, instead some sensory decline may be countered through sensory training and this may have implications for improving cognition.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781450487764
Category : FAMILY & RELATIONSHIPS
Languages : en
Pages : 235
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Book Description
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309368650
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 300
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Book Description
For most Americans, staying "mentally sharp" as they age is a very high priority. Declines in memory and decision-making abilities may trigger fears of Alzheimer's disease or other neurodegenerative diseases. However, cognitive aging is a natural process that can have both positive and negative effects on cognitive function in older adults - effects that vary widely among individuals. At this point in time, when the older population is rapidly growing in the United States and across the globe, it is important to examine what is known about cognitive aging and to identify and promote actions that individuals, organizations, communities, and society can take to help older adults maintain and improve their cognitive health. Cognitive Aging assesses the public health dimensions of cognitive aging with an emphasis on definitions and terminology, epidemiology and surveillance, prevention and intervention, education of health professionals, and public awareness and education. This report makes specific recommendations for individuals to reduce the risks of cognitive decline with aging. Aging is inevitable, but there are actions that can be taken by individuals, families, communities, and society that may help to prevent or ameliorate the impact of aging on the brain, understand more about its impact, and help older adults live more fully and independent lives. Cognitive aging is not just an individual or a family or a health care system challenge. It is an issue that affects the fabric of society and requires actions by many and varied stakeholders. Cognitive Aging offers clear steps that individuals, families, communities, health care providers and systems, financial organizations, community groups, public health agencies, and others can take to promote cognitive health and to help older adults live fuller and more independent lives. Ultimately, this report calls for a societal commitment to cognitive aging as a public health issue that requires prompt action across many sectors.
Author: Denise Park
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 1135887519
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 294
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Book Description
As our society ages, the topic of cognitive aging is becoming increasingly important. This volume provides an accessible overview of how the cognitive system changes as a function of normal aging. Building on the successful first edition, this volume provide an even more comprehensive coverage of the major issues affecting memory, attention, language, speech and other aspects of cognitive functioning. The essential chapters from the first edition have been thoroughly revised and updated and new chapters have been introduced which draw in neuroscience studies and more applied topics. In addition, contributors were encouraged to ensure their chapters are accessible to students studying the topic for the first time. This therefore makes the volume appealing as a textbook on senior undergraduate and graduate courses.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aeronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 324
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Book Description
Author: Edmund Rolls
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN: 0198845995
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 318
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Book Description
'The Orbitofrontal Cortex' explores a part of the brain that is important in human emotion, pleasure, decision-making, valuation, and personality. The book is unique in providing a coherent multidisciplinary approach to understanding the functions of one of the most interesting regions of the human brain, in both health and in disease.
