The Influence of Combined Whole Body Vibration and Dynamic Exercise Training on Arterial Stiffness and Central Blood Pressure in Apparently Healthy Older Men and Women PDF Download
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Author: Rachel Aschenbrenner
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Arteries
Languages : en
Pages : 69
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Author: Rachel Aschenbrenner
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Arteries
Languages : en
Pages : 69
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Author: Linda S. Pescatello
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319170767
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 347
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As the first primer on the effects of exercise on human hypertension, Effects of Exercise on Hypertension: From Cells to Physiological Systems provides the state-of-the-art effects of exercise on the many possible mechanisms underlying essential hypertension in humans. The book contains chapters by distinguished experts on the effects of exercise on physiological systems known to be involved in hypertension development and maintenance as well as less well known aspects of hypertension such as 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure profile and oxidative stress. An emerging area, the effects of resistance exercise training on blood pressure is also covered. A unique aspect of the book is that it covers the effects of exercise mimetics on vascular cell adaptations in order to begin to elucidate some of the cellular mechanisms that may underlie blood pressure reductions with exercise training. Lastly, the book will end with a chapter on the interactive effects of genes and exercise on blood pressure. Chapters are grouped by physiological system or mechanism. The text begins with two overview chapters; one on the general effects of aerobic exercise training and the second on the general effects of resistance exercise training on blood pressure. Each chapter begins with a bulleted list of key points. Effects of Exercise on Hypertension: From Cells to Physiological Systems will be of great value to professional individuals in cardiovascular medicine, the cardiovascular sciences, allied health care professionals, and medical and graduate students in the cardiovascular sciences and medicine.
Author: Jeffrey J. Richard
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Atherosclerosis
Languages : en
Pages : 178
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ABSTRACT:
Author: Christie Emily Yule
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cerebrovascular disease
Languages : en
Pages : 376
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Author: Man Hin Lam
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Exercise for older people
Languages : en
Pages : 395
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Study 4 (Chapter 5): This was an experimental study aimed at examining the transmission power and purity of vertical (synchronous) whole-body vibrations upon its propagation in the human body among older adults. Methods and results: Forty older adults were tested (33 women; mean age: 60.3℗ł5.7 years). Four vibration frequencies (25, 30, 35, 40 Hz), two amplitudes (0.6 and 0.9 mm), and six different postures were tested (total 48 conditions). Skin-mounted triaxial accelerometers were placed at the medial malleolus, tibial tuberosity, greater trochanter, third lumbar vertebra, and forehead. The transmissibility of vibration was computed as the ratio of the root-mean-square-acceleration at different body sites to that of the platform. Signal purity was expressed by the percentage of total transmitted power within ℗ł1 Hz of the nominal frequency delivered by the platform. It was found that signal transmissibility was dependent upon the interaction between frequency and posture and, to a lesser extent, the interaction between amplitude and posture. Increasing frequency and amplitude was associated with lower transmissibility. Significant resonance was noted at the medial malleolus. Among different postures, tip-toeing led to the lowest transmissibility. Single-leg standing had the highest WBV transmission to the hip, while erect standing had a significantly higher transmissibility to the head than other postures. The purity of the vibration signal was well conserved as the vibrations were transmitted from the feet to the upper body. To conclude, WBV transmissibility is highly influenced by signal frequency, amplitude and posture. These parameters should be carefully considered when prescribing WBV to older adults. Study 5 (Chapter 6): This was a randomized controlled trial that aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of whole body vibration (WBV) on enhancing the outcomes of a comprehensive exercise training program to improve physical function among institutionalized older adults. Methods and results: Seventy-three institutionalized older adults were randomly allocated to one of three training groups: group 1, a comprehensive strength and balance training program combined with WBV; group 2, a comprehensive strength and balance training program without WBV; and group 3, social and recreational activities consisting of upper limb exercises only. All participants completed 3 training sessions per week for 8 weeks. Measured outcomes included assessment of mobility, balance, lower limb strength, walking endurance, and self-reported balance confidence. Outcomes were measured pre- and post-intervention. Participants were also followed up for 1 year after the end of the training session to record the incidence of falls that required medical attention. Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance was used to evaluate the post-intervention change of measured variables, from baseline, between-groups. The intent-to-treat analysis identified a significant time ©-- group interaction for lower limb strength, evaluated using the time to complete 5 repetitions of sit-to-stand (p=0.048). Post-hoc analysis identified the interaction effect to be contributed by the improvement in lower limb strength for the exercise group without WBV, compared to a decline in strength in the control group (p=0.030). No significant time ©-- group interaction was identified for other outcomes (p9́Æ0.065). To conclude, adding WBV did not enhance the effect of a comprehensive exercise program on the physical function of institutionalized older adults. Although our exercise program was effective in improving lower limb strength, there were no therapeutic effects on balance and mobility. A longer program duration and more challenging balance activities may be needed to improve balance and mobility in these individuals. Study 6 (Chapter 7): This was a randomized controlled trial aimed at evaluating the feasibility, safety, and therapeutic effectiveness of WBV in improving lower limb strength, balance, and mobility among individuals with mild or moderate dementia. Methods and results: Fifty-four older adults (40 women; mean (SD) age: 79.8 (6.1) years) with mild or moderate dementia were recruited from two day-care centers. They were randomly allocated to either the WBV training group (intervention group) or usual care in the daycare center (control group). The intervention period lasted for nine weeks (18 sessions). All subjects were assessed pre- and post-intervention, and three months after the intervention ended. The primary outcome was functional mobility, measured using the Timed Up-and-Go (TUG) test. The following secondary outcomes were evaluated: balance, using the Berg Balance Scale; lower limb strength, using the time to complete 5 repetitions of sit-to-stand; quality of life, using the Quality of Life in Alzheimer's disease questionnaire; and balance confidence, using the Activities specific Balance Confidence scale. The feasibility and safety of the WBV intervention were evaluated in terms of attendance rate, the incidence of adverse events, and feedback provided by trainers. The attendance rate for the training was high (86.0%) with a very low incidence of adverse events: 2 of the 27 participants reported mild knee pain. WBV did not provide additional benefits compared to usual care for the primary outcome and for all secondary outcomes assessed. To conclude, WBV training is feasible and safe to use with people with mild or moderate dementia. However, nine weeks (18 sessions) of vertical WBV (30 Hz, 2 mm peak-to-peak amplitude) did not yield further improvement in physical function and quality of life than a usual activity program, provided at a daycare center, among community-dwelling older adults with dementia. Conclusion: The transmission of WBV through the human body is complex and will be highly influenced by the intensity of WBV and by exercise postures used for training. Although WBV does augment activation of lower limb muscles during exercise, our two randomized controlled trials did not provide evidence of the effectiveness of WBV in improving physical function among institutionalized older adults or among community-dwelling older adults with mild or moderate dementia.
Author: Tom J. Hazell
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 236
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Recently, whole-body vibration (WBV) exercise has been gaining interest in the health/fitness community for its reported beneficial outcomes. However, most of these have not been evaluated scientifically leading to some reservation in promoting this new exercise modality. The purpose of this dissertation was to assess the viability of WBV exercise to enhance several selected indices of health. Study 1 demonstrated that the addition of WBV to an isometric semi-squat in young healthy men (n = 8, 25±2.6 y, 177±7.0 cm, 84±12.1 kg) resulted in increases in femoral artery blood flow and leg skin temperature vs the same exercise without vibration (NoV). These increases were seen without concomitant elevations in heart rate and mean arterial pressure suggesting WBV exercise may be a viable training modality for many, perhaps even those with compromised cardiovascular function. Study 2 demonstrated WBV exercise resulted in a greater oxygen consumption both during and following (8 and 24 h) the exercise bout compared to NoV in young healthy men (n = 8, during - 26±2.3 y, 180±8.2 cm, 84±10.1 kg and 5 of the same and 3 others following - 26±3.0 y, 179±8.3 cm, 85±7.3 kg). These increases in oxygen consumed suggest WBV exercise could be a viable training method to induce positive body composition changes with chronic exposure. Study 3 demonstrated that neither an acute bout of WBV nor NoV exercise caused a significant effect on muscle function, soreness, or inflammation in young healthy men (n = 10, 25±3.5 y, 179±7.2 cm, 81±7.9 kg). These data suggest WBV has no significant deleterious effects on muscle. Study 4 demonstrated that both the WBV and NoV exercise sessions improved insulin sensitivity in young healthy men (n=8, 27±2.4 y, 179±7.7 cm, 83±10.6 kg). These results suggest WBV may be an effective exercise mode for individuals with impaired glucose tolerance or even diabetes. Together these studies demonstrate significant potential health benefit of acute synchronous whole-body vibration exercise and illustrate a need for future mechanistic work determining how exposure to these high frequency low amplitude oscillations produce these benefits.
Author: C. S. Pitchumoni
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1441916237
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 660
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Book Description
As aging trends in the United States and Europe in particular are strongly suggestive of increasingly older society, it would be prudent for health care providers to better prepare for such changes. By including physiology, disease, nutrition, pharmacology, pathology, radiology and other relevant associated topics, Geriatric Gastroenterology fills the void in the literature for a volume devoted specifically to gastrointestinal illness in the elderly. This unique volume includes provision of training for current and future generations of physicians to deal with the health problems of older adults. It will also serve as a comprehensive guide to practicing physicians for ease of reference. Relevant to the geriatric age group, the volume covers epidemiology, physiology of aging, gastrointestinal physiology, pharmacology, radiology, pathology, motility disorders, luminal disorders, hepato-biliary disease, systemic manifestations, neoplastic disorders, gastrointestinal bleeding, cancer and medication related interactions and adverse events, all extremely common in older adults; these are often hard to evaluate and judge, especially considering the complex aging physiology. All have become important components of modern medicine. Special emphasis is be given to nutrition and related disorders. Capsule endoscopy and its utility in the geriatric population is also covered. Presented in simple, easy to read style, the volume includes numerous tables, figures and key points enabling ease of understanding. Chapters on imaging and pathology are profusely illustrated. All chapters are written by specialists and include up to date scientific information. Geriatric Gastroenterology is of great utility to residents in internal medicine, fellows in gastroenterology and geriatric medicine as well as gastroenterologists, geriatricians and practicing physicians including primary care physicians caring for older adults.
Author: Nantinee Nualnim
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 250
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Book Description
Age is the major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and this is attributable in part to stiffening of large elastic arteries and development of vascular endothelial dysfunction. In contrast, regular aerobic exercise is associated with reduced risk of CVD. Swimming is an attractive form of aerobic exercise and always recommended for health promotion as well as prevention and treatment of risk factors for CVD. However, there is little scientific evidence to date indicating that swimming is equally efficacious to land-based exercise modes in reducing cardiovascular risks. Accordingly, the aim of the research was to determine the role of regular swimming exercise on both CVD traditional risk factors and vascular functions. To comprehensively address this aim, 2 different approaches were used: Study 1 (cross-sectional study) was designed to determine the potential benefit of regular swimming exercise in the primary prevention of age-related decreases in vascular function. Key measurements of vascular function were performed in middle-aged and older swimmers, runners, and sedentary controls. Central arterial compliance was higher in swimmers and runners than in sedentary controls. Study 2 (intervention study) was designed to determine whether regular swimming exercise could reverse the age-associated decline in vascular function. Middle-aged and older subjects completed either a 12-week swim training program or relaxation/ stretching exercise (attention control) program. Short-term swim training improved arterial blood pressure and vascular functions. In summary, regular swimming exercise can attenuate reductions in and partially restore the loss of vascular function including central arterial compliance and endothelial function in middle-aged and older adults. Swimming exercise exhibited typical central arterial compliance and endothelial function phenotypes that are often displayed in land-based exercise.
Author: Kerry S. Courneya
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642042317
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 389
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Book Description
This book explores in depth the relation between physical activity and cancer control, including primary prevention, coping with treatments, recovery after treatments, long-term survivorship, secondary prevention, and survival. The first part of the book presents the most recent research on the impact of physical activity in preventing a range of cancers. In the second part, the association between physical activity and cancer survivorship is addressed. The effects of physical activity on supportive care endpoints (e.g., quality of life, fatigue, physical functioning) and disease endpoints (e.g., biomarkers, recurrence, survival) are carefully analyzed. In addition, the determinants of physical activity in cancer survivors are discussed, and behavior change strategies for increasing physical activity in cancer survivors are appraised. The final part of the book is devoted to special topics, including the relation of physical activity to pediatric cancer survivorship and to palliative cancer care.
Author: Wolfgang Kemmler
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889638375
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 160
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