The Impacts of Spatial and Temporal Variability of Larval Transport on the Distribution and Population Dynamics of the Sea Scallop (Placopecten Magellanicus) PDF Download
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Author: Charles Grant Law
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Patinopecten
Languages : en
Pages : 120
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Book Description
This project focuses on the population dynamics of sea scallops in the Middle Atlantic Bight and Georges Bank/Southern New England regions. Most sea scallop biomass now occurs within the confines of large federally mandated closed areas and the fishery has moved toward a rotational harvesting strategy. With this dissertation we develop a biophysical model that enables the role of physical variability in this system, and how it interacts with life history processes to shape local and global population dynamics for sea scallops. The modeling effort will link hind-cast circulation simulations, an individual- based model for larval drift and an adult, size-structured, spatial population model. The results of these modeling efforts are compiled and interpreted in such a way as to be useful to managers of the sea scallop fishery. The final goal is to provide information about the impacts of environmental factors on sea scallop population dynamics so that the fishery can be managed proactively instead of reactively. Understanding the connections between sea scallop sub-populations, and how they vary from year to year, should be valuable in assessing the impacts of various real-world management strategies. The thesis is organized in four chapters: the first is an introduction, the second develops the dispersal kernels, the third integrates them into a metapopulation model, and the fourth describes the entire project in a style appropriate for a technical magazine.
Author: Charles Grant Law
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Patinopecten
Languages : en
Pages : 120
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Book Description
This project focuses on the population dynamics of sea scallops in the Middle Atlantic Bight and Georges Bank/Southern New England regions. Most sea scallop biomass now occurs within the confines of large federally mandated closed areas and the fishery has moved toward a rotational harvesting strategy. With this dissertation we develop a biophysical model that enables the role of physical variability in this system, and how it interacts with life history processes to shape local and global population dynamics for sea scallops. The modeling effort will link hind-cast circulation simulations, an individual- based model for larval drift and an adult, size-structured, spatial population model. The results of these modeling efforts are compiled and interpreted in such a way as to be useful to managers of the sea scallop fishery. The final goal is to provide information about the impacts of environmental factors on sea scallop population dynamics so that the fishery can be managed proactively instead of reactively. Understanding the connections between sea scallop sub-populations, and how they vary from year to year, should be valuable in assessing the impacts of various real-world management strategies. The thesis is organized in four chapters: the first is an introduction, the second develops the dispersal kernels, the third integrates them into a metapopulation model, and the fourth describes the entire project in a style appropriate for a technical magazine.
Author: Jessica P. Batchelder
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aquaculture
Languages : en
Pages :
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The Midcoast Maine Collaborative Scallop Project was established in 2013 by fishers, scientists, and policy makers to determine if a small-scale closure area could restore the local Atlantic sea scallop (Placopecten magellanicus) population to an area in coastal Maine that previously supported high scallop densities. These stakeholders established a three by one mile closure area in the Lower Muscle Ridge Channel to assess the response of the adult and larval scallop populations. Understanding the larval dynamics in a closure area is key to evaluating the recovery potential of the population and for future population stock levels. This study seeks to determine if larval abundance 1) has changed over the three-year closure period and 2) varies inside the closure area as compared to adjacent fished areas. To gauge larval abundance, 36 spat bags were deployed to collect scallop larvae over the three-year study. A before-after-control-impact (BACI) design was used to determine if recruitment increased within the closure using 2013 data for a baseline before the closure was implemented and to control for initial differences from different areas. In 2014 and 2015, higher abundance of larval scallops were recorded both inside and outside of the closure area as compared to 2013 abundance (p=0.010 and p=0.011). There was no significant difference in abundance inside compared to outside the closure (p=0.30), suggesting that scallop spat is increasing to the system as whole, not just within the closure area. This increase is a potential first sign of recovery for the resident scallop population, and indicative of increased adult populations and larger size class scallops. Early data analysis of adult populations shows increased frequency of juvenile size-class scallops in 2016, suggesting that the increased spat abundance seen in 2014 survived to juvenile age, an additional early sign of recovery showing success of the closure area to rebuild adult populations in the area.
Author:
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ISBN:
Category : Fisheries
Languages : en
Pages : 1198
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Marine biology
Languages : en
Pages : 900
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Author: Samuel B. Truesdell
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Placopecten magellanicus
Languages : en
Pages : 326
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Fishes
Languages : en
Pages : 412
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Author: Christopher L. Sarro
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 142
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Author: Christina Maria Hernández (Ph. D.)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 135
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The early life stages of marine fishes play a critical role in population dynamics, largely due to their high abundance, high mortality, and ease of transport in ocean currents. This dissertation demonstrates the value of combining larval data, collected in the field and the laboratory, with model simulations. In Chapter 2, analyses of field observations of ontogenetic vertical distributions of coral reef fish revealed a diversity of behaviors both between and within families. In Caribbean-wide particle-tracking simulations of representative behaviors, surface-dwelling larvae were generally transported longer distances with greater population connectivity amongst habitat patches, while the evenly-distributed vertical behavior and downward ontogenetic vertical migration were similar to one another and led to greater retention near natal sites. However, hydrodynamics and habitat availability created some local patterns that contradicted the overall expectation. Chapter 3 presents evidence of tuna spawning inside a large no-take marine protected area, the Phoenix Islands Protected Area (PIPA). Despite variation in temperature and chlorophyll, the larval tuna distributions were similar amongst years, with skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis) and Thunnus spp. tunas observed in all three years. Backtracking simulations indicated that spawning occurred inside PIPA in all 3 study years, demonstrating that PIPA is protecting viable tuna spawning habitat. In Chapter 4, several lines of larval evidence support the classification of the Slope Sea as a major spawning ground for Atlantic bluefin tuna with conditions suitable for larval growth. The abundance of bluefin tuna larvae observed in the Slope Sea aligns with typical observations on the other two spawning grounds. Age and growth analyses of bluefin tuna larvae collected in the Slope Sea and the Gulf of Mexico in 2016 did not show a growth rate difference between regions, but did suggest that Slope Sea larvae are larger at the onset of exogenous feeding. Collected larvae were backtracked to locations north of Cape Hatteras and forward tracked to show that they would have been retained within the Slope Sea until the onset of swimming. As a whole, this thesis presents valuable contributions to the study of larval fishes and the attendant implications for marine resource management.
Author: Chad S. Gilbert
Publisher:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Catharine Shaw Hargenrader
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Balanidae
Languages : en
Pages : 120
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The role of post-settlement processes in benthic invertebrate recruitment dynamics has been well established; however, more recently, studies have been resolving the pre-settlement processes and environmental variables that may shape initial settlement. We examined the major space occupying barnacle Chthamalus fissus to determine the spatial and temporal dynamics of settlement in relation to larval supply, adult populations, and habitat characteristics (including elevation as a proxy for immersion, proximity to water's edge, and the availability of free space) within the La Jolla, CA rocky intertidal. With respect to habitat characteristics, we investigated the influence of available free space on the dynamics of settlement through intensification, defined as a higher concentration of settlers with less available free space. Six larval traps were deployed daily to quantify larval supply, 12-14 PVC plates were deployed daily or weekly to quantify settlement, and 12-14 surveys were conducted during new moon periods every month to quantify adults and habitat cover. There was temporal variability, specifically with high rates of settlement, and high percentages of adult populations and habitat cover occurring mainly in the summer periods. Spatially, of the 14 locations studied within the site, two locations exhibited some of the highest settlement rates when compared to larval supply or adults and habitat cover. There was a non-significant relationship between larval supply and settlement, suggesting that the environment played a more important role in shaping spatial and temporal population dynamics. Settlement, when compared with habitat cover, was primarily driven by available free space, which was determined by live barnacle and algae cover. We observed the highest settlement when free space was lowest, demonstrating evidence of intensification within our site. These results suggest that in some cases habitat dynamics may play a more important role in shaping settlement than larval supply. Understanding the extent of this role may help to more holistically establish the dynamics that shape initial benthic invertebrate settlement. Therefore, understanding the role of the environment in shaping settlement dynamics of benthic invertebrates can help further inform the importance of rocky intertidal locations in contributing to coastal marine productivity and diversity.
