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Author: James S. Couey
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Combat
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This thesis identifies those human factors which impact on a commander's decision in a tactical combat environment. Various models for categorization are discussed. The study argues that in order to establish clear causal/effect relationships between human factors and battle outcome, concentration of analytical research must focus on first order effects. Two categorical judgment surveys in the form of questionnaires are developed. Results from the surveys are transformed to interval scales. The first survey is exploratory in nature and allows respondents to apply 27 endogenous factors within a generic tactical context. The second survey presents four specific tactical scenarios in which the top seven factors identified in the first survey can be applied. Respondent selection for the first survey represented the four military services while respondent selection for the second survey was limited to Army officers. The study concludes that the top seven factors are: Leadership, Training/Experience, Initiative, Discipline, Cohesion, Morale, and Will/Motivation. The rank order and scaled magnitudes of these factors are found to be scenario dependent.
Author: James S. Couey
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Combat
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This thesis identifies those human factors which impact on a commander's decision in a tactical combat environment. Various models for categorization are discussed. The study argues that in order to establish clear causal/effect relationships between human factors and battle outcome, concentration of analytical research must focus on first order effects. Two categorical judgment surveys in the form of questionnaires are developed. Results from the surveys are transformed to interval scales. The first survey is exploratory in nature and allows respondents to apply 27 endogenous factors within a generic tactical context. The second survey presents four specific tactical scenarios in which the top seven factors identified in the first survey can be applied. Respondent selection for the first survey represented the four military services while respondent selection for the second survey was limited to Army officers. The study concludes that the top seven factors are: Leadership, Training/Experience, Initiative, Discipline, Cohesion, Morale, and Will/Motivation. The rank order and scaled magnitudes of these factors are found to be scenario dependent.
Author: James S. Couey
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Combat
Languages : en
Pages : 217
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Book Description
This thesis identifies those human factors which impact on a commander's decision in a tactical combat environment. Various models for categorization are discussed. The study argues that in order to establish clear causal/effect relationships between human factors and battle outcome, concentration of analytical research must focus on first order effects. Two categorical judgment surveys in the form of questionnaires are developed. Results from the surveys are transformed to interval scales. The first survey is exploratory in nature and allows respondents to apply 27 endogenous factors within a generic tactical context. The second survey presents four specific tactical scenarios in which the top seven factors identified in the first survey can be applied. Respondent selection for the first survey represented the four military services while respondent selection for the second survey was limited to Army officers. The study concludes that the top seven factors are: Leadership, Training/Experience, Initiative, Discipline, Cohesion, Morale, and Will/Motivation. The rank order and scaled magnitudes of these factors are found to be scenario dependent.
Author: Hannes Hick
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9783319996288
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
For the last century, the automotive industry has been dominated by internal combustion engines. Their flexibility of application, driving range, performance and sporty characteristics has resulted in several generations of this technology and has formed generations of engineers. But that is not the end of the story. Stricter legislation and increased environmental awareness have resulted in the development of new powertrain technologies in addition and parallel to the highly optimized internal combustion engine. Hybrid powertrains systems, pure battery electric systems and fuel cell systems, in conjunction with a diverse range of applications, have increased the spectrum of powertrain technologies. Furthermore, automated driving together with intelligent and highly connected systems are changing the way to get from A to B. Not only is the interaction of all these new technologies challenging, but also several different disciplines have to collaborate intensively in order for new powertrain systems to be successfully developed. These new technologies and the resulting challenges lead to an increase in system complexity. Approaches such as systems engineering are necessary to manage this complexity. To show how systems engineering manages the increasing complexity of modern powertrain systems, by providing processes, methods, organizational aspects and tools, this book has been structured into five parts. Starting with Challenges for Powertrain Development, which describes automotive-related challenges at different levels of the system hierarchy and from different point of views. The book then continues with the core part, Systems Engineering, in which all the basics of systems engineering, model-based systems engineering, and their related processes, methods, tools, and organizational matters are described. A special focus is placed on important standards and the human factor. The third part, Automotive Powertrain Systems Engineering Approach, puts the fundamentals of systems engineering into practice by adding the automotive context. This part focuses on system development and also considers the interactions to hardware and software development. Several approaches and methods are presented based on systems engineering philosophy. Part four, Powertrain Development Case Studies, adds the practical point of view by providing a range of case studies on powertrain system level and on powertrain element level and discusses the development of hybrid powertrain, internal combustion engines, e-drives, transmissions, batteries and fuel cell systems. Two case studies on a vehicle level are also presented. The final part, Outlook, considers the development of systems engineering itself with particular focus on information communication technologies. Even though this book covers systems engineering from an automotive perspective, many of the challenges, fundamental principles, conclusions and outlooks can be applied to other domains too. Therefore, this book is not only relevant for automotive engineers and students, but also for specialists in scientific and industrial positions in other domains and anyone who has to cope with the challenge of successfully developing complex systems with a large number of collaborating disciplines.
Author: Wan S. Ching
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781423509967
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 105
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Book Description
The ongoing revolution in military affairs is transforming the nature of warfare. Modern combat systems are increasingly more effective yet more complex to operate. Nonetheless, their complexities cannot be compared to human behaviors which remain the most important factor in combat. Within Project Albert, an agent-based model called SOCRATES has been developed to enable users to explore the emergent behaviors of the agents. A deep operation scenario is developed to explore the effects of human factors on combat outcomes. Two experimental designs are used in this investigation: A Latin Hypercube and a Full-Factorial Design. Using the computing facilities at NPS, MITRE and MHPCC (Maui High Performance Computing Center), a total of 174,960 runs are made. The data suggest the existence of emergent patterns, and provide some insights into the question of how much more capable a smaller force must be in order to effectively battle a larger force. In addition, the analysis shows that the Latin Hypercube Design is able to identify the same significant factors in the scenario as are obtained by the Factorial Design, but with much fewer runs.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309175119
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 240
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Book Description
This book examines the human factors issues associated with the development, testing, and implementation of helmet-mounted display technology in the 21st Century Land Warrior System. Because the framework of analysis is soldier performance with the system in the full range of environments and missions, the book discusses both the military context and the characteristics of the infantry soldiers who will use the system. The major issues covered include the positive and negative effects of such a display on the local and global situation awareness of the individual soldier, an analysis of the visual and psychomotor factors associated with each design feature, design considerations for auditory displays, and physical sources of stress and the implications of the display for affecting the soldier's workload. The book proposes an innovative approach to research and testing based on a three-stage strategy that begins in the laboratory, moves to controlled field studies, and culminates in operational testing.
Author: Richard W. Pew
Publisher: National Academies
ISBN:
Category : Human engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 176
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Book Description
Author: Panel on Modeling Human Behavior and Command Decision Making: Representations for Military Simulations
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309523893
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 433
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Book Description
Simulations are widely used in the military for training personnel, analyzing proposed equipment, and rehearsing missions, and these simulations need realistic models of human behavior. This book draws together a wide variety of theoretical and applied research in human behavior modeling that can be considered for use in those simulations. It covers behavior at the individual, unit, and command level. At the individual soldier level, the topics covered include attention, learning, memory, decisionmaking, perception, situation awareness, and planning. At the unit level, the focus is on command and control. The book provides short-, medium-, and long-term goals for research and development of more realistic models of human behavior.
Author: Caroline E. Zsambok
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 1317779606
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 435
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Book Description
If you aren't using the term naturalistic decision making, or NDM, you soon will be. Even as a very young field, NDM has already had far-reaching applications in areas as diverse as management, aviation, health care, nuclear power, military command and control, corporate teamwork, and manufacturing. Put simply, NDM is the way people use their experience to make decisions in the context of a job or task. Of particular interest to NDM researchers are the effects of high-stake consequences, shifting goals, incomplete information, time pressure, uncertainty, and other conditions that are present in most of today's work places and that add to the complexity of decision making. Applications of NDM research findings target decision aids and training that help people in their decision-making processes. This book reports the findings of top NDM researchers, as well as many of their current applications. In addition, the book offers a historical perspective on the emergence of this new paradigm, describes recent theoretical and methodological advancements, and points to future developments. It was written for people interested in decision making research and applications relative to a diverse array of work settings and products such as human-computer interfaces, decision support systems, individual and team training, product designs, and organizational development and planning.
Author: Ronda Hughes
Publisher: Department of Health and Human Services
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 592
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Book Description
"Nurses play a vital role in improving the safety and quality of patient car -- not only in the hospital or ambulatory treatment facility, but also of community-based care and the care performed by family members. Nurses need know what proven techniques and interventions they can use to enhance patient outcomes. To address this need, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), with additional funding from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, has prepared this comprehensive, 1,400-page, handbook for nurses on patient safety and quality -- Patient Safety and Quality: An Evidence-Based Handbook for Nurses. (AHRQ Publication No. 08-0043)." - online AHRQ blurb, http://www.ahrq.gov/qual/nurseshdbk/
Author: Selin Kile
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 334648663X
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 142
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Book Description
Master's Thesis from the year 2017 in the subject Psychology - Work, Business, Organisational and Economic Psychology, grade: 1,5, Rhine-Waal University of Applied Sciences, language: English, abstract: The present work addresses human error in socio-technical systems, by considering the influence and causality of human factors on dynamic decision making. The theoretical framework is built by the SHEL-Model from Hawkins (1993). This system-based model illustrates a spectrum of Human Factors (Software, Hardware, Environment, Liveware) and interfaces (Liveware-Software, Liveware-Hardware, Liveware-Environment, Liveware-Liveware) between its elements in socio-technical systems (STS). The model of situation awareness in dynamic decision making from Endsley (1995a) is additionally used to describe the complex decision making process in STS based on the situation awareness (SA), allocated in perception, comprehension and projection and influenced by system and task as well as individual factors. A study was conducted in a company, producing airconditioning technology with the purpose to investigate and optimize problems related to the usage of company-specific software among the department’s sales and order processing. Additionally the information flow between these departments was examined. In order to specify the problem description from the company itself research questions were formulated within the scope of the mentioned theories: (1) Which SHEL-categories or interfaces should be improved in order to reduce failures and problems in the work within the configuration software? and (2) Which insights of the model of situation awareness should additionally be considered regarding the reduction of failures and problems in the decision making process within the configuration software? For answering the research questions, first the need for imrprovement was identified within six self-conducted interviews with the sales staff from the outdoor service (n=2), sales staff from the indoor service (n=1), order processing (n=2) and one expert, who was responsible for the sales staff in other countries (n=1). Within Mayring’s (2002, 2010) qualitative data analysis, critical incidents were extracted and related to the SHEL-categories. Additionally categories were inductively builded, based on Endsley’s model.
