The Impact of Early Childhood Education Upon the Black-White Achievement Gap PDF Download
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Author: Linda M. Zane
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : African Americans
Languages : en
Pages : 245
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Book Description
Author: Linda M. Zane
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : African Americans
Languages : en
Pages : 245
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Book Description
Author: Iheoma U. Iruka
Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing
ISBN: 1787142582
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 343
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Book Description
This book presents both the challenges and opportunities that exist for addressing the critical needs of black children, who have been historically underserved in the U.S. education system.
Author: Debra Ren-Etta Sullivan
Publisher: Redleaf Press
ISBN: 160554406X
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 176
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Book Description
There has been much attention given to the achievement gap between white and minority students, especially African American children. Through research and years of experience, the author breaks down the cultural influences on children's learning styles and provides a practical approach to helping black children thrive in the classroom. For black children, which Sullivan defines as those of African descent, there is a disconnect between learning preferences and learning environments that must be bridged before the achievement gap can be closed. This hands-on resource is filled with effective strategies and best practices to help early childhood educators expand their "toolbox" for supporting children. Increasing cultural intelligence will allow us to work across the many differences in our classrooms. As our schools become more diverse, cultural competency will be an increasingly important skill for teacher's efficacy and children's success. By cultivating the individual genius of each child and meeting children where they are today, we can invigorate the education system and provide children high-quality early education experiences. Debra Ren-Etta Sullivan, EdD, is the cofounder and president of Praxis Institute for Early Childhood Education. She has more than twenty-five years of experience in higher education as a teacher, researcher, and administrator.
Author: Richard Rothstein
Publisher: Teachers College Press
ISBN: 9780807745564
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 210
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Book Description
Contemporary public policy assumes that the achievement gap between black and white students could be closed if only schools would do a better job. According to Richard Rothstein, "Closing the gaps between lower-class and middle-class children requires social and economic reform as well as school improvement. Unfortunately, the trend is to shift most of the burden to schools, as if they alone can eradicate poverty and inequality." In this book, Rothstein points the way toward social and economic reforms that would give all children a more equal chance to succeed in school. This book features: a summary of numerous studies linking school achievement to health care quality, nutrition, childrearing styles, housing stability, parental economic security, and more ; aA look at erroneous and misleading data that underlie commonplace claims that some schools "beat the demographic odds and therefore any school can close the achievement gap if only it adopted proper practices." ; and an analysis of how the over-emphasis of standardized tests in federal law obscures the true achievement gap and makes narrowing it more difficult.
Author: Angel L. Harris
Publisher: Harvard University Press
ISBN: 0674264347
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 335
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Book Description
Understanding the causes of the racial achievement gap in American education—and then addressing it with effective programs—is one of the most urgent problems communities and educators face. For many years, the most popular explanation for the achievement gap has been the “oppositional culture theory”: the idea that black students underperform in secondary schools because of a group culture that devalues learning and sees academic effort as “acting white.” Despite lack of evidence for this belief, classroom teachers accept it, with predictable self-fulfilling results. In a careful quantitative assessment of the oppositional culture hypothesis, Angel L. Harris tested its empirical implications systematically and broadened his analysis to include data from British schools. From every conceivable angle of examination, the oppositional culture theory fell flat. Despite achieving less in school, black students value schooling more than their white counterparts do. Black kids perform badly in high school not because they don’t want to succeed but because they enter without the necessary skills. Harris finds that the achievement gap starts to open up in preadolescence—when cumulating socioeconomic and health disadvantages inhibit skills development and when students start to feel the impact of lowered teacher expectations. Kids Don’t Want to Fail is must reading for teachers, academics, policy makers, and anyone interested in understanding the intersection of race and education.
Author: Mary E. Earick
Publisher: Peter Lang
ISBN: 9781433101144
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 198
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Book Description
"Racially Equitable Teaching is a call to action for early childhood professionals dedicated to closing the achievement gap. Using a critical race theory lens, the book presents outcomes that exist among current professional development paradigms, ideology and public education, specifically looking at how racial ideologies are used as tools to maintain the over-empowerment and privileging of whites. Beyond theory, Racially Equitable Teaching provides practical classroom applications for teachers and administrators in an effort to move towards racial authenticity, racial balance, and positive racial in-group messaging, challenging the current reproduction of White racial hegemony in United States public schools."--BOOK JACKET.
Author: Christopher Jencks
Publisher: Brookings Institution Press
ISBN: 9780815746119
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 546
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Book Description
" The test score gap between blacks and whites—on vocabulary, reading, and math tests, as well as on tests that claim to measure scholastic aptitude and intelligence--is large enough to have far-reaching social and economic consequences. In their introduction to this book, Christopher Jencks and Meredith Phillips argue that eliminating the disparity would dramatically reduce economic and educational inequality between blacks and whites. Indeed, they think that closing the gap would do more to promote racial equality than any other strategy now under serious discussion. The book offers a comprehensive look at the factors that contribute to the test score gap and discusses options for substantially reducing it. Although significant attempts have been made over the past three decades to shrink the test score gap, including increased funding for predominantly black schools, desegregation of southern schools, and programs to alleviate poverty, the median black American still scores below 75 percent of American whites on most standardized tests. The book brings together recent evidence on some of the most controversial and puzzling aspects of the test score debate, including the role of test bias, heredity, and family background. It also looks at how and why the gap has changed over the past generation, reviews the educational, psychological, and cultural explanations for the gap, and analyzes its educational and economic consequences. The authors demonstrate that traditional explanations account for only a small part of the black-white test score gap. They argue that this is partly because traditional explanations have put too much emphasis on racial disparities in economic resources, both in homes and in schools, and on demographic factors like family structure. They say that successful theories will put more emphasis on psychological and cultural factors, such as the way black and white parents teach their children to deal with things they do not know or understand, and the way black and white children respond to the same classroom experiences. Finally, they call for large-scale experiments to determine the effects of schools' racial mix, class size, ability grouping, and other policies. In addition to the editors, the contributors include Claude Steele, Ronald Ferguson, William G. Bowen, Philip Cook, and William Julius Wilson. "
Author: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, FPG Child Development Institute
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 2
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Book Description
In the United States, Black children start school behind their White peers on standardized reading and mathematics tests, and racial disparities in achievement increase during each subsequent year of primary and secondary education. To formulate an appropriate policy response to this enduring problem, a careful and comprehensive understanding of the factors that contribute to the achievement gap is needed. The "integrative model of development in context" is a framework that can help researchers explore ethnic or racial group differences in child development and achievement. The model considers ways in which social position, racism, and segregation influence children's experiences in the three crucial contexts of family, neighborhood, and school. Results showed that at the neighborhood and school levels, Black children lived in more disadvantaged neighborhoods and attended schools with a higher proportion of poor or minority students. In unadjusted models White children scored higher on average than Black children at all ages in reading and mathematics. The study's results provide further evidence regarding the long-term impacts of racism and differential treatment on the development of children of color in the U.S. and suggest the following policy implications: (1) Programs to address the achievement gap should begin early. Existing prekindergarten programs, while helpful, probably begin too late in children's development to prevent race differences in school achievement; (2) During the infant, toddler, and preschool years, programs should focus on both parenting skills and high-quality child care; and (3) During the school years, programs should emphasize improvements in instructional quality.
Author: Autumn A. Arnett
Publisher: IAP
ISBN: 1641135204
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 113
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Book Description
Between 1980 and 2005, 45 states were involved in lawsuits around equity of funding and adequacy of education provided to all students in the state. Indeed, this investigation could have included any cities in America, and the themes likely would have been the same: Lower funding and resources, disproportionate numbers of teachers and school leaders who do not look like the students they serve, debates over the public’s responsibility to provide fair and equitable education for all students in the jurisdiction, implicit biases from the top to the bottom and a resegregation of schools in America. Integration for Black families was never about an idea that Black students were better off if they could be around White students, it was about the idea that Black students would be better off if they could have access to the same education that White students had — but residential segregation still enables de facto school segregation, when it isn’t coded into policy. For the overwhelming majority of Black students, they’re stuck in segregated, underperforming schools. Schools where the teachers are dedicated to the mission, but where the cities and districts and states have failed to uphold their basic responsibility to maintain the upkeep of the schools and provide enough desks for each child and current textbooks.
Author: Cecilia Rouse
Publisher: Brookings Institution Press
ISBN: 9780815721178
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 204
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Book Description
The Future of Children is a new semiannual publication that provies research and analysis to promote effective policies and programs for children. This first issue focuses on "School Readiness: Closing Racial and Ethnic Gaps." For more than 30 years, researchers have seen white children outperform black and other minority children in tests of reading and math skills. Though there is evidence that the gap has narrowed somewhat, the very persistence of this "racial and ethnic gap" remains a source considerable concern for academics, policy professionals and parents. The ethnic and racial gaps appear to reach back to the preschool years. When children reach the school door, minority children exhibit lower school readiness skills, at least those measured by standardized tests, than their white counterparts. From that point forward, the achievement gap only widens. If policy professionals are to address this disparity in academic achievement (and the consequent disparity in later opportunity), the racial and ethnic gap must be examined in the very earliest years, before students begin school with embedded inequalities. This volume critically summarizes the research on the origin and trajectory of the racial and ethnic gap in the early years from several theoretical perspectives. In particular, research is analyzed to determine when these differences start to emerge, in what areas they appear, what factors contribute to their development by the time children enter grade school and what are the long term effects. Contents: Introducing the Issue of Test Score Ethnic and Racial Disparities, Jeanne Brooks-Gunn, Sara McLanahan, and Cecilia Elena Rouse Identifying Racial and Ethnic Differences in School Readiness, Donald Rock and Jack Stenner Test Score Gaps: The Contribution of Family and Neighborhood Characteristics, Greg Duncan and Katherine Magnuson Genetic Differences and School Readiness, William T. Dickens Neuroscience Perspectives on Disparities in School Readiness, Kim Noble, B. J. Casey, and Nim Tottenham Low Birth Weight and School Readiness, Nancy Reichman The Impact of Health on School Readiness, Janet Currie Parenting, Jeanne Brooks-Gunn and Lisa Markman Childcare and Early Education, Katherine Magnuson and Jane Waldfogel
