The Impact of Chinese Communist Party Membership on Income PDF Download
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Author: Yining Zou
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Public policy
Languages : en
Pages : 90
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Book Description
Since China's 1978 economic reforms, it has experienced rapid growth as well as increased income inequality. Research finds that Chinese Communist Party (CCP) members enjoy certain benefits that are not available to non-members, which may contribute to the country’s income inequality. I use the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) 2015 to estimate the relationship between party membership and individual annual income. My results suggest that CCP membership is associated with higher income, controlling for personal traits and family background characteristics. However, the advantage of CCP membership disappears once career background characteristics are controlled for. I also find that CCP membership matters more for more vulnerable members of the Chinese population. I conclude that the desirability of CCP membership may reflect the fact that CCP affiliation provides political protection from an authoritarian government.
Author: Yining Zou
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Public policy
Languages : en
Pages : 90
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Book Description
Since China's 1978 economic reforms, it has experienced rapid growth as well as increased income inequality. Research finds that Chinese Communist Party (CCP) members enjoy certain benefits that are not available to non-members, which may contribute to the country’s income inequality. I use the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) 2015 to estimate the relationship between party membership and individual annual income. My results suggest that CCP membership is associated with higher income, controlling for personal traits and family background characteristics. However, the advantage of CCP membership disappears once career background characteristics are controlled for. I also find that CCP membership matters more for more vulnerable members of the Chinese population. I conclude that the desirability of CCP membership may reflect the fact that CCP affiliation provides political protection from an authoritarian government.
Author: Joanne Song McLaughlin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 44
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Book Description
Many studies have found that Chinese Communist Party membership brings economic benefits to party members, but some studies also argue that the premium associated with party membership is merely due to members' higher levels of ability and advantageous family backgrounds. The lack of consensus on the economic returns of party membership implies that the role of party membership is not well understood. This study estimates the economic returns to Chinese Communist Party membership using complementary approaches to address the endogeneity of party membership status: propensity score matching and instrumental variable. Although the magnitudes of these estimates vary across estimators, all the estimates show positive economic returns to party membership. This paper also examines possible mechanisms for how party membership may bring benefits to members and provides evidence that party membership may generate political capital, but not social capital in the labor market in China.
Author: Hongjian Wang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Social status and political connections may confer large economic benefits on an individual. Previous studies focused on China have examined the relationship between Communist Party membership and earnings and found a positive correlation. However, the correlation could be partly or totally spurious. Using data from three surveys spanning three decades, we estimate the causal effect of Chinese Communist Party membership on monthly earnings in China. We find that, on average, membership in the Communist Party of China increases monthly earnings and the wage premium has grown in recent years. We explore potential causes and discover evidence that improvements in social networks and social rank, acquisition of job-related qualifications, and greater life satisfaction likely play important roles in increased earnings.
Author: Yuansheng Chen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Income
Languages : en
Pages : 336
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Book Description
Author: Hongbin Li
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Xinxin Ma
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9813369043
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 190
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Book Description
This open access book investigates female employment and the gender gap in the labor market and households during China’s economic transition period. It provides the reader with academic evidence for understanding the mechanism of female labor force participation, the determinants of the gender gap in the labor market, and the impact of policy transformation on women’s wages and employment in China from an economics perspective. The main content of this book includes three parts―women’s family responsibilities and women’s labor supply (child care, parent care, and women’s employment), the gender gap in the labor market and society (gender gaps in wages, Communist Party membership, and participation in social activity), and the impacts of policy transformation on women’s wages and employment (the social security system and the educational expansion policy on women’s wages and employment) in China. This book provides academic evidence about these issues based on economics theories and econometric analysis methods using many kinds of long-term Chinese national survey data. This book is highly recommended to readers who are interested in up-to-date and in-depth empirical studies of the gender gap and women’s employment in China during the economic transition period. This book is of interest to various groups such as readers who are interested in the Chinese economy, policymakers, and scholars with econometric analysis backgrounds.
Author: Larry Diamond
Publisher: Hoover Press
ISBN: 0817922865
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 223
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Book Description
While Americans are generally aware of China's ambitions as a global economic and military superpower, few understand just how deeply and assertively that country has already sought to influence American society. As the authors of this volume write, it is time for a wake-up call. In documenting the extent of Beijing's expanding influence operations inside the United States, they aim to raise awareness of China's efforts to penetrate and sway a range of American institutions: state and local governments, academic institutions, think tanks, media, and businesses. And they highlight other aspects of the propagandistic “discourse war” waged by the Chinese government and Communist Party leaders that are less expected and more alarming, such as their view of Chinese Americans as members of a worldwide Chinese diaspora that owes undefined allegiance to the so-called Motherland.Featuring ideas and policy proposals from leading China specialists, China's Influence and American Interests argues that a successful future relationship requires a rebalancing toward greater transparency, reciprocity, and fairness. Throughout, the authors also strongly state the importance of avoiding casting aspersions on Chinese and on Chinese Americans, who constitute a vital portion of American society. But if the United States is to fare well in this increasingly adversarial relationship with China, Americans must have a far better sense of that country's ambitions and methods than they do now.
Author: Congressional Research Service
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN: 9781976466953
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 52
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Book Description
Prior to the initiation of economic reforms and trade liberalization 36 years ago, China maintained policies that kept the economy very poor, stagnant, centrally-controlled, vastly inefficient, and relatively isolated from the global economy. Since opening up to foreign trade and investment and implementing free market reforms in 1979, China has been among the world's fastest-growing economies, with real annual gross domestic product (GDP) growth averaging nearly 10% through 2016. In recent years, China has emerged as a major global economic power. It is now the world's largest economy (on a purchasing power parity basis), manufacturer, merchandise trader, and holder of foreign exchange reserves.The global economic crisis that began in 2008 greatly affected China's economy. China's exports, imports, and foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows declined, GDP growth slowed, and millions of Chinese workers reportedly lost their jobs. The Chinese government responded by implementing a $586 billion economic stimulus package and loosening monetary policies to increase bank lending. Such policies enabled China to effectively weather the effects of the sharp global fall in demand for Chinese products, but may have contributed to overcapacity in several industries and increased debt by Chinese firms and local government. China's economy has slowed in recent years. Real GDP growth has slowed in each of the past six years, dropping from 10.6% in 2010 to 6.7% in 2016, and is projected to slow to 5.7% by 2022.The Chinese government has attempted to steer the economy to a "new normal" of slower, but more stable and sustainable, economic growth. Yet, concerns have deepened in recent years over the health of the Chinese economy. On August 11, 2015, the Chinese government announced that the daily reference rate of the renminbi (RMB) would become more "market-oriented." Over the next three days, the RMB depreciated against the dollar and led to charges that China's goal was to boost exports to help stimulate the economy (which some suspect is in worse shape than indicated by official Chinese economic statistics). Concerns over the state of the Chinese economy appear to have often contributed to volatility in global stock indexes in recent years.The ability of China to maintain a rapidly growing economy in the long run will likely depend largely on the ability of the Chinese government to implement comprehensive economic reforms that more quickly hasten China's transition to a free market economy; rebalance the Chinese economy by making consumer demand, rather than exporting and fixed investment, the main engine of economic growth; boost productivity and innovation; address growing income disparities; and enhance environmental protection. The Chinese government has acknowledged that its current economic growth model needs to be altered and has announced several initiatives to address various economic challenges. In November 2013, the Communist Party of China held the Third Plenum of its 18th Party Congress, which outlined a number of broad policy reforms to boost competition and economic efficiency. For example, the communique stated that the market would now play a "decisive" role in allocating resources in the economy. At the same time, however, the communique emphasized the continued important role of the state sector in China's economy. In addition, many foreign firms have complained that the business climate in China has worsened in recent years. Thus, it remains unclear how committed the Chinese government is to implementing new comprehensive economic reforms.China's economic rise has significant implications for the United States and hence is of major interest to Congress. This report provides background on China's economic rise; describes its current economic structure; identifies the challenges China faces to maintain economic growth; and discusses the challenges, opportunities, and implications of China's economic rise.
Author: Cheng Li
Publisher: Brookings Institution Press
ISBN: 0815704054
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 417
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Book Description
Decades ago, there was no distinct middle class in the People's Republic of China. Any meaningful discussion of China's economy, politics, or society must take into account the rapid emergence and explosive growth of the Chinese middle class. This book details the origins and characteristics of this dramatic change.
Author: Shi Li
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107002915
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 531
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Book Description
This book examines the evolution of economic inequality in China from 2002 to 2007; a sequel to Inequality and Public Policy in China (2008).
