The History of Smith County, Texas: Born in Dixie : Smith County from 1875 to its centennial year PDF Download
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Author: James Smallwood
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Smith County (Tex.)
Languages : en
Pages : 920
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Book Description
Author: James Smallwood
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Smith County (Tex.)
Languages : en
Pages : 920
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Book Description
Author: James Smallwood
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781571681928
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Debra A. Reid
Publisher: Texas A&M University Press
ISBN: 1603445056
Category : African American agriculturists
Languages : en
Pages : 328
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Book Description
Jim Crow laws pervaded the south, reaching from the famous "separate yet equal" facilities to voting discrimination to the seats on buses. Agriculture, a key industry for those southern blacks trying to forge an independent existence, was not immune to the touch of racism, prejudice, and inequality. In "Reaping a Greater Harvest," Debra Reid deftly spotlights the hierarchies of race, class, and gender within the extension service. Black farmers were excluded from cooperative demonstration work in Texas until the Smith-Lever Agricultural Extension act in 1914. However, the resulting Negro Division included a complicated bureaucracy of African American agents who reported to white officials, were supervised by black administrators, and served black farmers. The now-measurable successes of these African American farmers exacerbated racial tensions and led to pressure on agents to maintain the status quo. The bureau that was meant to ensure equality instead became another tool for systematic discrimination and maintenance of the white-dominated southern landscape. Historians of race, gender, and class have joined agricultural historians in roundly praising Reid's work.
Author: Thad Sitton
Publisher: University of Texas Press
ISBN: 0292706421
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 257
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Book Description
In the decades following the Civil War, nearly a quarter of African Americans achieved a remarkable victory—they got their own land. While other ex-slaves and many poor whites became trapped in the exploitative sharecropping system, these independence-seeking individuals settled on pockets of unclaimed land that had been deemed too poor for farming and turned them into successful family farms. In these self-sufficient rural communities, often known as "freedom colonies," African Americans created a refuge from the discrimination and violence that routinely limited the opportunities of blacks in the Jim Crow South. Freedom Colonies is the first book to tell the story of these independent African American settlements. Thad Sitton and James Conrad focus on communities in Texas, where blacks achieved a higher percentage of land ownership than in any other state of the Deep South. The authors draw on a vast reservoir of ex-slave narratives, oral histories, written memoirs, and public records to describe how the freedom colonies formed and to recreate the lifeways of African Americans who made their living by farming or in skilled trades such as milling and blacksmithing. They also uncover the forces that led to the decline of the communities from the 1930s onward, including economic hard times and the greed of whites who found legal and illegal means of taking black-owned land. And they visit some of the remaining communities to discover how their independent way of life endures into the twenty-first century.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Southwest, New
Languages : en
Pages : 768
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Author: Archie P. McDonald
Publisher: HPN Books
ISBN: 1893619664
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 117
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Book Description
Author: Albert woldert
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Smith County (Tex.)
Languages : en
Pages : 196
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Book Description
A compilation of history of Tyler and Smith County, Texas.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Canada
Languages : en
Pages : 592
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Book Description
Article abstracts and citations of reviews and dissertations covering the United States and Canada.
Author: V.P. Franklin
Publisher: IAP
ISBN: 1607528428
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 204
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Book Description
A discussion of the contributions made by African Americans to public and private black schools in the USA in the 19th and 20th centuries. It suggests that cultural capital from African American communities may be important for closing the gap in the funding of black schools in the 21st century.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : African Americans
Languages : en
Pages : 546
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Book Description
