The Evaluation of Engineering Treatments for Right-Hook Crashes at Signalized Intersections with Bicycle Traffic PDF Download
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Author: Jennifer Lynn Warner
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cycling accidents
Languages : en
Pages : 186
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Book Description
A right-hook crash is a bicycle-motor vehicle crash between a right-turning motor vehicle and an adjacent through-moving bicycle. This study focuses on right-hook crashes that occur during the latter stage of the circular green indication at signalized intersections with shared right-turn and through lanes. The overall objective was to evaluate and identify engineering treatments that are effective in reducing the frequency and severity of right-hook crashes. The areas of engineering treatments that were considered are as follows: signage, pavement markings, curb radii, and protected intersections. The driver performance measures include visual attention, crash avoidance, and potential crash severity. The resulting analysis suggests that while these various driver performance metrics can be measured robustly, and all of the treatments had some positive effect on measured driver performance, it is not yet clear how to map the magnitudes of the differences to expected crash outcomes. Additional work is recommended to address the limitations of this study and to further consider the potential effects of the right-hook crash mitigation strategies from this research.
Author: Jennifer Lynn Warner
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cycling accidents
Languages : en
Pages : 186
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Book Description
A right-hook crash is a bicycle-motor vehicle crash between a right-turning motor vehicle and an adjacent through-moving bicycle. This study focuses on right-hook crashes that occur during the latter stage of the circular green indication at signalized intersections with shared right-turn and through lanes. The overall objective was to evaluate and identify engineering treatments that are effective in reducing the frequency and severity of right-hook crashes. The areas of engineering treatments that were considered are as follows: signage, pavement markings, curb radii, and protected intersections. The driver performance measures include visual attention, crash avoidance, and potential crash severity. The resulting analysis suggests that while these various driver performance metrics can be measured robustly, and all of the treatments had some positive effect on measured driver performance, it is not yet clear how to map the magnitudes of the differences to expected crash outcomes. Additional work is recommended to address the limitations of this study and to further consider the potential effects of the right-hook crash mitigation strategies from this research.
Author: Odai Houz
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bicycle lanes
Languages : en
Pages : 119
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Book Description
With the dramatic increase of non-motorized transportation users, more people are concerned about the non-motorized traffic safety. Unfortunately, bicyclist and pedestrian are prone to more severe injuries when involved in a crash. For bicycle crashes, failing to yield/disregarding traffic control device, and lack of non-motorized facilities were identified to be the main causes of bicycle crashes in urban intersections. This research investigated the effectiveness of two bicycle crash countermeasures with bicycle signal treatments at urban signalized intersections. The two countermeasures are the bike boxes and the protected intersections. The bicycle signal treatments are the leading bicycle interval and the exclusive bicycle phase. A before and after bicyclist survey was conducted to measure bicyclist perception of safety of the bike box. Additionally, these engineering countermeasures were evaluated from both traffic operation and traffic safety prospective in a virtual test environment built in VISSIM. Users delay were compared before and after implementing these countermeasures. While a surrogate safety measure "conflicts" was used to measure the safety impact of the treatments. By benefit-cost analysis, the threshold values of traffic and bike volumes that are needed to justify the studied treatments were found. This research also provided a general guideline that can be used by the decision makers to facilitate bicyclist left turn movement at urban signalized intersection.
Author: Mafruhatul Jannat
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Automobile drivers
Languages : en
Pages : 241
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Book Description
A Right-hook (RH) crash is a common type of bicycle-motor vehicle crash that occurs between a right-turning vehicle and through-moving bicycle at an intersection. At signalized intersections, RH crashes can occur at the onset of the green or during the latter portion of the green phase. In spite of the frequency and severity of this crash type, no experimental studies have provided compelling evidence as to the root causes of RH crashes at signalized intersections. This research provided improved understanding of RH crash causal factors during the latter portion of the green phase through an online survey and driving simulator experiment. From the 209 self-reported online survey responses, it was found that 78% of bicyclists were unaware of their stopping position with respect to stopped vehicles queued at an intersection during a red indication, and 19% of motorists (n = 246) reported that they would not yield to the adjacent bicyclist approaching from behind if they were detected in rear-view or side-view mirrors. The driving simulator experiment (n = 51) investigated RH crash causal factors related to the motorist and built environment using three different motorist performance measures: i) visual attention, ii) situation awareness (SA) and iii) crash avoidance behavior. Motorist's visual attention measure revealed that in the presence of oncoming vehicular traffic, motorists spent the majority of their visual attention looking at the oncoming traffic that posed immediate hazard to them and failed to detect a bicyclist approaching from behind. Motorists' SA measure indicated that motorists detect a bicyclist riding in their forward field of view more successfully than a bicyclist approaching from behind in the vehicle's blind spot. Motorist's crash avoidance behavior revealed that 92% of 26 observed crashes occurred with a bicyclist approaching from behind in the vehicle's blind spot and oncoming vehicles were present in 88% of those crashes. Also, 81% of observed crashes occurred due to inadequate surveillance.
Author: Ying Zhang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bicycles
Languages : en
Pages : 164
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Book Description
The main purpose of this research was to find out the characteristics of bicycle-related crashes and improve safety and comfort for bicyclists around signalized intersections in Louisville, KY. At first, the benefits of bicycling for accessibility, health, environment and traffic were discussed. Plans made by a number of states, regions and local governments for encouraging people to use bicycles as an alternative to motor-vehicles were introduced. Emphases were put on the introduction of the Louisville Metro Bike Master Plan, which aimed to increase bicycling activity throughout all parts of Louisville by making it a fun, comfortable and accessible mode of travel, and to simultaneously reduce the number of cyclists killed and injured in crashes with motor vehicles. Second, an elaborative literature interview was made to look for the reasons which caused crashes between bicyclists and drivers. The conclusion was that a large percentage of bicyclists-related crashes happened at intersections. The most important reason for bicyclists-related crashes was drivers' failing to yield when they were entering turning movements. Third, research for possible solutions which were used to improve safety for bicyclists was made. Studies which evaluated the effectiveness of those solutions were discussed. Fourth, in order to determine the characteristics of bicyclists-related crashes in Louisville, crash data of 10 years (from 2003 to 2012) was collected from the Kentucky Collision Analysis for the Public. Bicycle-related crashes in Louisville were most prevalent in the summer months, on weekdays and in the afternoon peak period in clear weather conditions. Turning-right was one of three highest possible pre-crash maneuvers in all bicycle-related crashes in Louisville The most important factor causing bicyclists-related crashes was motorists' inattentiveness, or failing to yield the right-of-way to bicyclists. Bicyclists' inattentiveness or failing to yield the right-of-way was also important for bicyclists-related crashes. Fifth, surveys were made four times to evaluate the effectiveness of a newly-developed countermeasure for bicyclists' safety. The conclusion was that this countermeasure for bicyclists' safety couldn't influence the distance from the curb where motor-vehicle crossed the stop bar. Most drivers preferred 4-6 feet away from the curb when they crossed the stop bar. This countermeasure for bicyclists' safety could attract about 40% of drivers to cross the boundary between the bicycle lane and the traffic lane and to enter the right-of-way of the bicycle lane. More than 50% of drivers needed 60-100 feet to finish the process of entering the right-of-way of the bicycle lane from the adjacent traffic lane. In short this newly-developed countermeasure for bicyclists' safety could greatly improve bicyclists' safety at intersections by changing drivers' right-turning movements. At last, some possible improvements for this new countermeasure were discussed to better this countermeasure in the future.
Author: Kenneth D. Cross
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bicycles
Languages : en
Pages : 314
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Book Description
Author: National Association of City Transportation Officials
Publisher: Island Press
ISBN: 1610915658
Category : Architecture
Languages : en
Pages : 258
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Book Description
NACTO's Urban Bikeway Design Guide quickly emerged as the preeminent resource for designing safe, protected bikeways in cities across the United States. It has been completely re-designed with an even more accessible layout. The Guide offers updated graphic profiles for all of its bicycle facilities, a subsection on bicycle boulevard planning and design, and a survey of materials used for green color in bikeways. The Guide continues to build upon the fast-changing state of the practice at the local level. It responds to and accelerates innovative street design and practice around the nation.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Crash injuries
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
In Oregon, majority of the bicyclist crashes occur at intersections. This thesis seeks to identify the determinant factors that significantly impact bicyclist crash injury severity at intersections. A mixed logit framework that accounts for any unobserved heterogeneity in the data and allows the estimated parameters to randomly vary across observations was applied to three years of bicyclist crash data (2016-2018) with a total of 1502 categorized crashes in Oregon at both unsignalized and signalized intersections. This work reports the relative risk of bicyclist injury severity instead of the absolute injury risk in a bicyclist crash. As part of identifying the significant determinant factors, a parameter transferability test is done to determine that the two types of intersection need to be modeled separately. A total of fourteen variables were found to be significant at unsignalized intersections. Wearing a helmet reduces the probability of slight injury while urban area, winter season, and bicyclists with age 10 or younger have higher chance of slight injury. Clear weather, male bicyclists, speeding, presence of traffic control device, and non-motorist being on a bike lane at intersection have increased likelihood of non-incapacitating injury while crash year 2018 shows lower probability of this injury level. In terms of injury severity, bicyclists of age 65 or older, use of alcohol, and angled collision are associated with high risk for incapacitating and fatal injuries and evening peak hours reduces the likelihood of this injury type. The mixed logit model for crash analysis at signalized intersections found eight significant variables impacting bicyclist crash severity. Using helmet, bicyclists in the age range 26-35 years, spring season, and clear weather lead to decreased likelihood of slight injury; however, driver's failure to yield right of way increases the probability of slight injury. Crashes occurring at cross-signalized intersections have lower probability of non-incapacitating injuries. Speeding-involved crashes significantly increase the chance of incapacitating and fatal injuries and bicyclists traveling straight is associated with lower risk for incapacitating/fatal injuries. Based on these findings, several countermeasures to improve bicyclist safety are recommended.
Author:
Publisher: AASHTO
ISBN: 1560512717
Category : CD-ROMS.
Languages : en
Pages : 142
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780309369367
Category : Crash injuries
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
"TRB?s Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2514, explores 19 papers related to safety data, analysis, and evaluation in the transportation sector, including: Exploring Driver Error at Intersections: Key Contributors and Solutions; Level of Service of Safety Revisited; Longitudinal Analysis of Rural Interstate Fatalities in Relation to Speed Limit Policies; Predicting Crashes on Expressway Ramps with Real-Time Traffic and Weather Data; Multilevel Logistic Regression Modeling for Crash Mapping in Metropolitan Areas; Simulated Traffic Conflicts: Do They Accurately Represent Field-Measured Conflicts?; Assessing Safety Improvements to Pedestrian Crossings Using Automated Conflict Analysis; Understanding Factors Affecting Frequency of Traffic Conflicts Between Electric Bicycles and Motorized Vehicles at Signalized Intersections; Comparative Analysis of Injury Severity Resulting from Pedestrian?Motor Vehicle and Bicycle?Motor Vehicle Crashes on Roadways in Alabama; Validation of Crash Modification Factors Derived from Cross-Sectional Studies with Regression Models; Fault Determination for Crashes in Vermont: Implications of Distance from Home; Crash Patterns at Signalized Intersections; Analyses of Multiyear Statewide Secondary Crash Data and Automatic Crash Report Reviewing; Assessment of Pedestrian Risk at Crossings with Kinematic?Probabilistic Model; Predicting Driver Injury Severity in Single-Vehicle and Two-Vehicle Crashes with Boosted Regression Trees; Effects of Geodemographic Profiles of Drivers on Their Injury Severity from Traffic Crashes Using Multilevel Mixed-Effects Ordered Logit Model; Copula-Based Joint Model of Injury Severity and Vehicle Damage in Two-Vehicle Crashes; Identifying Optimal High-Risk Driver Segments for Safety Messaging: Geodemographic Modeling Approach; Evaluation of Signalized-Intersection Crash Screening Methods Based on Distance from Intersection."--Publisher's description.
Author: Raghavan Srinivasan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Roads—Interchanges and intersections
Languages : en
Pages : 56
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Book Description
This study evaluated the safety effect of the flashing yellow arrow (FYA) treatment at signalized intersections. The major objective of this strategy is to reduce the frequency of left-turn (LT) crashes, especially those that involve a collision between left turns and vehicles traveling straight through from the opposite direction. The project team conducted an empirical Bayes before-after analysis of installations in Nevada, North Carolina, Oklahoma, and Oregon. The treatments were divided into seven categories depending on the phasing system in the before and after periods, number of roads where FYAs were implemented, and number of legs at each intersection. The first five categories involved permissive or protected-permissive phasing in the before period. Intersections in these five treatment categories experienced a reduction in the primary target crashes under consideration: LT crashes and left-turn-with-opposing-through (LTOT) crashes at the intersection level. The reduction ranged from 15 to 50 percent depending on the treatment category. Intersections in categories 6 and 7 had at least one protected LT phase in the before period, and after phasing had an FYA protected-permissive LT phase without time-of-day operation (category 6) and with time-of-day operation (category 7). Consistent with results from previous studies, these intersections experienced an increase in LT and LTOT crashes. The B/C ratios for categories 1-5 ranged from 56:1 to 144:1.
