The Effects of Seismic Sounds on Marine Organisms PDF Download
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Author: Thomas L. Linton
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Marine animals
Languages : en
Pages : 82
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Book Description
A literature search has been conducted of experiments dealing with seismic sound sources and their effects on aquatic marine organisms. Researchers report that high-velocity explosives burn rapidly and produce a very fast buildup in pressure which kills fishes. High-velocity explosives that produce a peak pressure of 40 psi kill some fish. Charges as small as 1 pound have been shown to damage fish. The degree of lethality is directly related to charge size and distance from detonation site. Organisms with air bladders, eggs, larvae and juvenile forms were found to be the most susceptible to damage. Low-velocity explosives generate a moderate pressure buildup and relatively low peak pressure, producing relatively no lethal effects to aquatic organisms. Studies have shown that black power charges as large as 1100 pounds producing peak pressures much higher than 70 psi, will not harm fish. Seismic air guns have a moderate pressure rise-time similar to that produced by low-velocity explosives. Although few studies have been conducted with air guns, they appear to have little adverse effect upon aquatic organisms.
Author: Thomas L. Linton
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Marine animals
Languages : en
Pages : 82
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Book Description
A literature search has been conducted of experiments dealing with seismic sound sources and their effects on aquatic marine organisms. Researchers report that high-velocity explosives burn rapidly and produce a very fast buildup in pressure which kills fishes. High-velocity explosives that produce a peak pressure of 40 psi kill some fish. Charges as small as 1 pound have been shown to damage fish. The degree of lethality is directly related to charge size and distance from detonation site. Organisms with air bladders, eggs, larvae and juvenile forms were found to be the most susceptible to damage. Low-velocity explosives generate a moderate pressure buildup and relatively low peak pressure, producing relatively no lethal effects to aquatic organisms. Studies have shown that black power charges as large as 1100 pounds producing peak pressures much higher than 70 psi, will not harm fish. Seismic air guns have a moderate pressure rise-time similar to that produced by low-velocity explosives. Although few studies have been conducted with air guns, they appear to have little adverse effect upon aquatic organisms.
Author: William John Richardson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Airplanes
Languages : en
Pages : 488
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Book Description
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309133157
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 220
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Book Description
For the 119 species of marine mammals, as well as for some other aquatic animals, sound is the primary means of learning about the environment and of communicating, navigating, and foraging. The possibility that human-generated noise could harm marine mammals or significantly interfere with their normal activities is an issue of increasing concern. Noise and its potential impacts have been regulated since the passage of the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972. Public awareness of the issue escalated in 1990s when researchers began using high-intensity sound to measure ocean climate changes. More recently, the stranding of beaked whales in proximity to Navy sonar use has again put the issue in the spotlight. Ocean Noise and Marine Mammals reviews sources of noise in the ocean environment, what is known of the responses of marine mammals to acoustic disturbance, and what models exist for describing ocean noise and marine mammal responses. Recommendations are made for future data gathering efforts, studies of marine mammal behavior and physiology, and modeling efforts necessary to determine what the long- and short-term impacts of ocean noise on marine mammals.
Author: Hans Slabbekoorn
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 1493985744
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 322
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Book Description
Over the past several years, many investigators interested in the effects of man-made sounds on animals have come to realize that there is much to gain from studying the broader literature on hearing sound and the effects of sound as well as data from the effects on humans. It has also become clear that knowledge of the effects of sound on one group of animals (e.g., birds or frogs) can guide studies on other groups (e.g., marine mammals or fishes) and that a review of all such studies together would be very useful to get a better understanding of the general principles and underlying cochlear and cognitive mechanisms that explain damage, disturbance, and deterrence across taxa. The purpose of this volume, then, is to provide a comprehensive review of the effects of man-made sounds on animals, with the goal of fulfilling two major needs. First, it was thought to be important to bring together data on sound and bioacoustics that have implications across all taxa (including humans) so that such information is generally available to the community of scholars interested in the effects of sound. This is done in Chaps. 2-5. Second, in Chaps. 6-10, the volume brings together what is known about the effects of sound on diverse vertebrate taxa so that investigators with interests in specific groups can learn from the data and experimental approaches from other species. Put another way, having an overview of the similarities and discrepancies among various animal groups and insight into the “how and why” will benefit the overall conceptual understanding, applications in society, and all future research.
Author: Arthur N. Popper
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1441973117
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 638
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Book Description
The Second International Conference on the Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life will take place in Ireland August 15-20, 2010. The main emphasis of the conference will be on defining the current state of knowledge. However, we will also assess progress in the three years since the First conference. The Second conference will place strong emphasis on recent research results, the sharing of ideas, discussion of experimental approaches, and analysis of regulatory issues.
Author: W. John Richardson
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0080573037
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 593
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Book Description
Many marine mammals communicate by emitting sounds that pass through water. Such sounds can be received across great distances and can influence the behavior of these undersea creatures. In the past few decades, the oceans have become increasingly noisy, as underwater sounds from propellers, sonars, and other human activities make it difficult for marine mammals to communicate. This book discusses, among many other topics, just how well marine mammals hear, how noisy the oceans have become, and what effects these new sounds have on marine mammals. The baseline of ambient noise, the sounds produced by machines and mammals, the sensitivity of marine mammal hearing, and the reactions of marine mammals are also examined. An essential addition to any marine biologist's library, Marine Mammals and Noise will be especially appealing to marine mammalogists, researchers, policy makers and regulators, and marine biologists and oceanographers using sound in their research.
Author: Arthur N. Popper
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 149392981X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 1243
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Book Description
The meeting of Aquatic Noise 2013 will introduce participants to the most recent research data, regulatory issues and thinking about effects of man-made noise and will foster critical cross-disciplinary discussion between the participants. Emphasis will be on the cross-fertilization of ideas and findings across species and noise sources. As with its predecessor, The Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life: 3rd International Conference will encourage discussion of the impact of underwater sound, its regulation and mitigation of its effects. With over 100 contributions from leading researchers, a wide range of sources of underwater sound will be considered.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309050251
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 91
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Book Description
This volume reviews the current state of knowledge regarding the effects of low-frequency sound on marine mammals and makes recommendations for research. In addition, the book describes current federal regulations prescribed under the Marine Mammal Protection Act that govern the taking of marine mammals by scientific research activities, and it recommends changes to expedite the regulatory process dealing with scientific research activities.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309085365
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 221
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Book Description
For the 119 species of marine mammals, as well as for some other aquatic animals, sound is the primary means of learning about the environment and of communicating, navigating, and foraging. The possibility that human-generated noise could harm marine mammals or significantly interfere with their normal activities is an issue of increasing concern. Noise and its potential impacts have been regulated since the passage of the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972. Public awareness of the issue escalated in 1990s when researchers began using high-intensity sound to measure ocean climate changes. More recently, the stranding of beaked whales in proximity to Navy sonar use has again put the issue in the spotlight. Ocean Noise and Marine Mammals reviews sources of noise in the ocean environment, what is known of the responses of marine mammals to acoustic disturbance, and what models exist for describing ocean noise and marine mammal responses. Recommendations are made for future data gathering efforts, studies of marine mammal behavior and physiology, and modeling efforts necessary to determine what the long- and short-term impacts of ocean noise on marine mammals.
Author: Harold Merklinger
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461318718
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 815
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Book Description
IMAGE TRACKS AT HALIFAX by L.B. Felsen All living kind much effort spend Some model modes, some model rays, To cope with their environment Some feel that spectra all portrays. Some use their eyes, some use their nose Then there are those who with despatch, To sense where other things repose. Take refuge in the ocean wedge. For one group, nothing's more profound Than to explore the world with sound. If things get messy, randomize. These audio diagnosticians What's partly smooth, determinize. You ponder, is it this or that? Go by the name of acousticians. And wish you were a lowly bat They regularly meet to check Whether their sonogram's on track. The meeting's hosts did treat us well. With images stored in their packs, They let the climate cast its spell. This year they came to Halifax. No weath'ry hope was placed in vain. There they combined with ocean types We were exposed to wind and rain, And each could hear the other's gripes. We glimpsed blue sky through clouds dispersed. A meeting naturally does start But rainy sequence was reversed: Reviewing present state of art. The ocean types would like it wet What we found out is where it's at: Yet they got stuck with sun instead. We cannot hope to match the bat Each confrence has the same refrain: Computer printouts by the reams It has been fun to meet again.
