The Effects of Natural Gas Composition on Engine Combustion, Performance, and Emissions PDF Download
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Author:
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ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 15
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Author:
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ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 15
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Author: Kalyan Kumar Srinivasan
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9811333076
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 428
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Book Description
This book covers the various advanced reciprocating combustion engine technologies that utilize natural gas and alternative fuels for transportation and power generation applications. It is divided into three major sections consisting of both fundamental and applied technologies to identify (but not limited to) clean, high-efficiency opportunities with natural gas fueling that have been developed through experimental protocols, numerical and high-performance computational simulations, and zero-dimensional, multizone combustion simulations. Particular emphasis is placed on statutes to monitor fine particulate emissions from tailpipe of engines operating on natural gas and alternative fuels.
Author: Michael S. Graboski
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Gas as fuel
Languages : en
Pages : 26
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Book Description
The purpose of this test program was to determine the effect of natural gas composition on regulated emissions and performance of a Cummins B5.9G engine. This engine is a lean-burn, closed loop control, spark ignited, dedicated natural gas engine. Testing was conducted at 5,280 ft above sea level. This engine was thought to represent the state-of-the-art in production lean-burn natural gas engine technology at the time the test program was initiated. Five different natural gas fuels were evaluated. Methane content ranged from 76.9 to 90.3% and inerts content from 3.6 to 17.3%. The engine was found to operate well on all gases and net BTU based fuel economy was not effected by gas composition. CO and PM emissions were unaffected by gas composition. NOX emissions were also unaffected. THC emissions trended downwards with increasing fuel heating value but no such trend was observed for NMHC. Emissions from this engine were below all current or proposed standards for heavy duty engines on all fuels tested.
Author:
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ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 26
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Book Description
Natural gas is composed primarily of methane with small amounts of higher hydrocarbons and diluents, which vary by region and over time. Compositions of natural gas from domestic and worldwide sources were surveyed with respect to content of higher hydrocarbons and diluents. The survey showed slight compositional variability between most of the gases, with a small fraction of them containing significantly larger contents of higher hydrocarbons than the mean. As gas-fired turbines will be used for power generation all over the world, they will need to tolerate operation with fuels with a wide variety of compositions, particularly with respect to the concentration of higher hydrocarbons and diluents. Subscale catalytic combustion modules typical of those used in gas turbine power generation with ultra low emissions of pollutants were tested in a subscale test system with natural gas alone and with added known levels of hydrocarbon compounds and diluents. The range of compositions tested contained the range observed in the survey. Test results were used to calculate the effect of composition on catalyst performance. The compositional variability is of little consequence to the catalyst for most of the gases in the survey, including nearly all of the gases delivered in the U.S. To accommodate the remaining gases, the catalyst inlet temperature must be lowered to maintain combustor durability. These results support commercial acceptance of catalytic combustion systems for use in natural gas fired turbines in distributed power generation with ultra low NO(subscript x) emissions.
Author: Kevin Jones
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Internal combustion engines
Languages : en
Pages : 19
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Book Description
Author: Anthony W. Newlin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Gas as fuel
Languages : en
Pages : 226
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Book Description
Author: Paul Richards
Publisher: SAE International
ISBN: 0768006384
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 870
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Book Description
The first two editions of this title, published by SAE International in 1990 and 1995, have been best-selling definitive references for those needing technical information about automotive fuels. This long-awaited new edition has been thoroughly revised and updated, yet retains the original fundamental fuels information that readers find so useful. This book is written for those with an interest in or a need to understand automotive fuels. Because automotive fuels can no longer be developed in isolation from the engines that will convert the fuel into the power necessary to drive our automobiles, knowledge of automotive fuels will also be essential to those working with automotive engines. Small quantities of fuel additives increasingly play an important role in bridging the gap that often exists between fuel that can easily be produced and fuel that is needed by the ever-more sophisticated automotive engine. This book pulls together in a single, extensively referenced volume, the three different but related topics of automotive fuels, fuel additives, and engines, and shows how all three areas work together. It includes a brief history of automotive fuels development, followed by chapters on automotive fuels manufacture from crude oil and other fossil sources. One chapter is dedicated to the manufacture of automotive fuels and fuel blending components from renewable sources. The safe handling, transport, and storage of fuels, from all sources, are covered. New combustion systems to achieve reduced emissions and increased efficiency are discussed, and the way in which the fuels’ physical and chemical characteristics affect these combustion processes and the emissions produced are included. There is also discussion on engine fuel system development and how these different systems affect the corresponding fuel requirements. Because the book is for a global market, fuel system technologies that only exist in the legacy fleet in some markets are included. The way in which fuel requirements are developed and specified is discussed. This covers test methods from simple laboratory bench tests, through engine testing, and long-term test procedures.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Automobiles
Languages : en
Pages : 126
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Book Description
Author: P. A. Lakshminarayanan
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 904813885X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 313
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Book Description
Phenomenology of Diesel Combustion and Modeling Diesel is the most efficient combustion engine today and it plays an important role in transport of goods and passengers on land and on high seas. The emissions must be controlled as stipulated by the society without sacrificing the legendary fuel economy of the diesel engines. These important drivers caused innovations in diesel engineering like re-entrant combustion chambers in the piston, lower swirl support and high pressure injection, in turn reducing the ignition delay and hence the nitric oxides. The limits on emissions are being continually reduced. The- fore, the required accuracy of the models to predict the emissions and efficiency of the engines is high. The phenomenological combustion models based on physical and chemical description of the processes in the engine are practical to describe diesel engine combustion and to carry out parametric studies. This is because the injection process, which can be relatively well predicted, has the dominant effect on mixture formation and subsequent course of combustion. The need for improving these models by incorporating new developments in engine designs is explained in Chapter 2. With “model based control programs” used in the Electronic Control Units of the engines, phenomenological models are assuming more importance now because the detailed CFD based models are too slow to be handled by the Electronic Control Units. Experimental work is necessary to develop the basic understanding of the pr- esses.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 20
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Effects of variations in natural gas composition on autoignition of natural gas under direct-injection (DI) diesel engine conditions were studied experimentally in a constant-volume combustion vessel and computationally using a chemical kinetic model. Four fuel blends were investigated: pure methane, a capacity weighted mean natural gas, a high ethane content natural gas, and a natural gas with added propane typical of peak shaving conditions. Experimentally measured ignition delays were longest for pure methane and became progressively shorter as ethane and propane concentrations increased. At conditions characteristic of a DI compression ignition natural gas engine at Top Dead Center (CR=23:1, p = 6.8 MPa, T = 1150K), measured ignition delays for the four fuels varied from 1.8 ms for the peak shaving and high ethane gases to 2.7 ms for pure methane. Numerically predicted variations in ignition delay as a function of natural gas composition agreed with these measurements.
