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Author: Desiree Anastacia Byrd
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : African Americans
Languages : en
Pages : 296
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Book Description
Neuropsychologists do not yet understand the sources of ethnic group variation in cognitive test scores. While many factors may influence neuropsychological test performance, environmental factors, such as educational and home histories, are likely to be significant contributors. There is considerable evidence from human and animal research that qualitative aspects of early living environments are related to brain development and contemporaneous measures of neurocognitive functioning. There were three main goals of the present study: (a) to assess relationships between neurocognitive functioning and retrospective reports of early environmental/educational experiences in both African-American (AA) and Caucasian (CA) adults; (b) to identify those environmental variables which characterize AA subjects with relatively poor test performance; and (c) to determine whether adjusting cognitive test scores for hypothesized differences on these early environmental factors reduces the ethnic group performance disparity. Measurements for the present study included cognitive testing data and detailed retrospective early environmental histories on 100 neurologically normal adults (75 AA, 25 CA). Results indicate that: (1) consistent with previous research, the two ethnic groups differed significantly on their cognitive test performance; (2) the two ethnic groups demonstrated small, but significant, differences in their early environmental histories; (3) retrospective accounts of early environmental experiences were significantly related to absolute performance on cognitive tests in both groups; (4) the qualitative measures of early environmental experiences accounted for some variance in cognitive test scores, above and beyond that attributable to age, gender, and years of education completed; but (5) covarying age-, education-, and gender-corrected cognitive scores for early environmental influences did not substantially affect the ethnic group performance disparity. It was concluded that the early environmental influences retrospectively-assessed in this study are related to adult cognition, but that the relationship is less strong than that between cognition and years of education. Further, the relationship between these environmental variables and test performance is not unique to AAs, and does not appear to be clinically useful for interpreting AA neuropsychological test results. Finally, the results demonstrate the remaining need for ethnicity specific neuropsychological normative data, and for further research to better understand environmental influences on AA neuropsychological test performances.
Author: Desiree Anastacia Byrd
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : African Americans
Languages : en
Pages : 296
Get Book Here
Book Description
Neuropsychologists do not yet understand the sources of ethnic group variation in cognitive test scores. While many factors may influence neuropsychological test performance, environmental factors, such as educational and home histories, are likely to be significant contributors. There is considerable evidence from human and animal research that qualitative aspects of early living environments are related to brain development and contemporaneous measures of neurocognitive functioning. There were three main goals of the present study: (a) to assess relationships between neurocognitive functioning and retrospective reports of early environmental/educational experiences in both African-American (AA) and Caucasian (CA) adults; (b) to identify those environmental variables which characterize AA subjects with relatively poor test performance; and (c) to determine whether adjusting cognitive test scores for hypothesized differences on these early environmental factors reduces the ethnic group performance disparity. Measurements for the present study included cognitive testing data and detailed retrospective early environmental histories on 100 neurologically normal adults (75 AA, 25 CA). Results indicate that: (1) consistent with previous research, the two ethnic groups differed significantly on their cognitive test performance; (2) the two ethnic groups demonstrated small, but significant, differences in their early environmental histories; (3) retrospective accounts of early environmental experiences were significantly related to absolute performance on cognitive tests in both groups; (4) the qualitative measures of early environmental experiences accounted for some variance in cognitive test scores, above and beyond that attributable to age, gender, and years of education completed; but (5) covarying age-, education-, and gender-corrected cognitive scores for early environmental influences did not substantially affect the ethnic group performance disparity. It was concluded that the early environmental influences retrospectively-assessed in this study are related to adult cognition, but that the relationship is less strong than that between cognition and years of education. Further, the relationship between these environmental variables and test performance is not unique to AAs, and does not appear to be clinically useful for interpreting AA neuropsychological test results. Finally, the results demonstrate the remaining need for ethnicity specific neuropsychological normative data, and for further research to better understand environmental influences on AA neuropsychological test performances.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 868
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Book Description
Author: Shunichi Araki
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 1483276252
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 1053
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Book Description
Neurobehavioral Methods and Effects in Occupational and Environmental Health documents the proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium in Environmental Research held in Tokyo in 1991. This book focuses on the development and application of neuropsychobehavioral methods in occupational and environmental health and advances in the knowledge of the effects on the nervous system and human behavior of occupational and environmental factors. This compilation provides forceful evidence of different manifestations of neurotoxicity and their etiologies. Neurotoxicity is a major adverse effect of chemical exposure and is particularly serious in developing countries. This publication is a good reference for students and practitioners of disciplines such as behavioral science, psychosomatic and occupational medicine, nutrition and food science, public health, and hygiene and preventive medicine.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309069882
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 610
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Book Description
How we raise young children is one of today's most highly personalized and sharply politicized issues, in part because each of us can claim some level of "expertise." The debate has intensified as discoveries about our development-in the womb and in the first months and years-have reached the popular media. How can we use our burgeoning knowledge to assure the well-being of all young children, for their own sake as well as for the sake of our nation? Drawing from new findings, this book presents important conclusions about nature-versus-nurture, the impact of being born into a working family, the effect of politics on programs for children, the costs and benefits of intervention, and other issues. The committee issues a series of challenges to decision makers regarding the quality of child care, issues of racial and ethnic diversity, the integration of children's cognitive and emotional development, and more. Authoritative yet accessible, From Neurons to Neighborhoods presents the evidence about "brain wiring" and how kids learn to speak, think, and regulate their behavior. It examines the effect of the climate-family, child care, community-within which the child grows.
Author: Arthur MacNeill Horton, Jr.
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 303054656X
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 366
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Book Description
Expanding both the conceptual and clinical knowledge base on the subject, the Third Edition of Detection of Malingering during Head Injury Litigation offers the latest detection tools and techniques for veteran and novice alike. Increased public awareness of traumatic brain injuries has fueled a number of significant developments: on the one hand, more funding and more research related to these injuries and their resulting deficits; on the other, the possibility of higher stakes in personal injury suits—and more reasons for individuals to feign injury. As in its earlier editions, this practical revision demonstrates how to combine clinical expertise, carefully-gathered data, and the use of actuarial models as well as common sense in making sound evaluations and reducing ambiguous results. The book navigates the reader through the many caveats that come with the job, beginning with the scenario that an individual may be malingering despite having an actual brain injury. Among the updated features: Specific chapters on malingering on the Word Memory Test (WMT), Test of Malingered Memory (TOMM) MMPI-2, MMPI-RF and MMPI-3; Detailed information regarding performance on performance validity tests in the domain of executive functioning and memory, Guidelines for explaining performance and symptom validity testing to the trier of fact; Chapters on mild TBI in children in head injury litigation, cultural concerns and ethical issues in the context of head injury litigation.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medicine
Languages : en
Pages : 1340
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Book Description
Author: David S. Tulsky
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0127035702
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 652
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Book Description
This guide to the WAIS-III and WMS-III tests is written to help clinical practitioners achieve efficient and accurate interpretations of test results. The only interpretive guide to be based on data obtained while standardizing the tests, this reference source provides new models for interpreting results, as well as practical information on the diagnostic validity, demographically corrected norms, and accuracy of the tests in measuring intelligence and memory. The focus of information is to allow clinicians to reduce variance in the interpretations of scores, indicating how best to factor in socio-economic status of respondents, interpreting meaningful change in serial assessments, and scoring with alternate or omitted sub-tests. Also included in the book are chapters on accommodating clients with disabilities. The final chapter discusses frequently asked questions (with answers) on the use and interpretation of the tests, as well as practical issues to help make scoring time-efficient and accurate. Only guide to be based on data obtained in the standardization of the tests Practical examples given to help guide interpretation of scores Focuses on information to make faster, more accurate scoring interpretations
Author: Gwen Yeo
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1136895612
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 414
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Book Description
In recent years, the literature on the topic of ethnic and racial issues in Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias has increased dramatically. At the same time, the need for cultural competence in all of geriatric care, including dementia care, is increasingly being acknowledged. Researchers and providers are beginning to recognize the impending "ethnogeriatric imperative," as the number of elders from diverse ethnic and cultural backgrounds continues to rise. Ethnicity and the Dementias offers invaluable background information in this area, while also examining how those suffering from dementia and their family members respond or adapt to the challenges that follow. Thoroughly updated and revised from the first edition, the book features contributions from leading clinicians and researchers on the epidemiology of dementias by ethnic population, new information on the assessment of diverse populations, and updates and inclusions of new populations in the management of dementia and working with families. The book is ideal for practitioners, researchers, and policy makers in search of the most current ethnogeriatric findings.
Author: Stephen Ashwal
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 0443111065
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 1432
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Book Description
For fifty years, experienced clinicians and physicians in training have relied on Swaiman's cornerstone text as their #1 source for authoritative guidance in pediatric neurology. Swaiman's Pediatric Neurology: Principles and Practice, 7th Edition, continues this tradition of excellence under the expert editorial direction of Drs. Stephen Ashwal and Phillip L. Pearl, along with a team of key leaders in the field who serve as associate and section editors in their areas of expertise. Thorough revisions—including new chapters, new videos, new editors, and expanded content—bring you up to date with this dynamic field. - Contains new sections on global child neurology and environment and brain development and a greatly expanded section on neurogenetics, in addition to new chapters on autoimmune epilepsies, immune-mediated movement disorders, and more. - Offers expanded online content, including additional figures, tables, and text, as well as new personal introductory videos by many chapter authors. - Covers new, emerging, or controversial topics such as COVID-19, teleneurology, environment and brain development, immune-mediated disorders of the nervous system, functional neurological disorders in children, nonverbal learning disorders, and the pharmacological and future genetic treatment of neurodevelopmental disabilities. - Provides authoritative coverage of perinatal acquired and congenital disorders, neurodevelopmental disabilities, extensive sections on pediatric epilepsy and movement disorders, nonepileptiform paroxysmal disorders, and disorders of sleep. - Features nearly 3,000 line drawings, photographs, tables, and boxes that highlight the text, clarify key concepts, and make it easy to find information quickly.
Author: Elise K. Hodges
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 1000802728
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 228
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Book Description
Pediatric Neuropsychology: Perspectives in an Ambulatory Care Setting provides an overview of the most commonly seen disorders in outpatient settings including ADHD, Autism, congenital heart disease, blood cancer and hematologic conditions, brain tumors, and epilepsy. Each chapter provides up-to-date information on these pediatric neurodevelopmental and medical disorders, including a review of the neuroanatomic contributions as well as an overview of the neuropsychological findings. Alongside the neuroanatomic and neuropsychological underpinnings, case examples and intervention recommendations are provided for parents, educators and others who work with these populations, to enhance the ecological validity of neuropsychological assessments. With reference to the latest diagnostic criteria, this book is an invaluable resource for neuropsychologists or neuropsychology students whose work includes pediatric patients with neurodevelopmental and neuro medical disorders. It is designed to provide practical information but also the most up to date research in neurobiological and neuroanatomical contributions of these disorders to inform the practitioner and enhance the care provided to their pediatric patients.
