The Effects of Aerobic and Resistance Training on Insulin Sensitivity in Primary Human Skeletal Muscle Cells PDF Download
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Author: Christian Samone Jones
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Insulin is a hormone that plays a role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis, through the regulation of blood glucose levels. Insulin sensitivity is defined as how well the body responds to insulin, and when this is impaired, it results in insulin resistance. Insulin resistance refers to a decrease in insulin-mediated glucose disposal in insulin-sensitive tissues. Impaired insulin action can result in insulin resistance, which can lead to illnesses such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. PURPOSE: The purpose is to explore various training modalities and their effects on insulin action, with the intent to answer the question which mode of training, aerobics or resistance has a greater impact on insulin sensitivity. I speculate that the resistance exercisers will show greater improvements in insulin action, compared to the endurance and control groups. METHODS: To examine insulin action, glycogen synthesis was performed on primary human skeletal muscle cells that were derived from 3 groups: high active endurance, highly active resistance, and sedentary control. The samples underwent proliferation and were grown in a cell culture media incubator. After reaching 70-80% confluency, myogenic cells were isolated and differentiated. After cells went through five days of differentiation, they were ready for glycogen synthesis, which was determined using liquid scintillation counting. RESULTS: There were 11 participants in the highly active endurance group, 10 participants in the highly active resistance group, and 4 participants in the sedentary control group. The sedentary group had a greater BMI than the endurance and resistance groups. There was an increase in glycogen synthesis in all groups when stimulated with insulin (p [less-than] 0.0001). There was a significant difference between the highly active resistance and sedentary control groups, when fold change was calculated (p = 0.0060), with the change in the sedentary controls being greater than highly active resistance group. There were no significant correlations between the results and the group characteristics (age, BMI, and oxygen consumption). CONCLUSION: The present study showed that there was an increase in glycogen synthesis in all subjects, regardless of group, when comparing basal to insulin stimulated values. The results of this current study line up with results found in several others that have looked at aerobic trained individuals, however; they have failed to investigate resistance training. It is evident that resistance training has the same effects as aerobic training, but the topic needs to be further explored to confirm this finding.
Author: Christian Samone Jones
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Insulin is a hormone that plays a role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis, through the regulation of blood glucose levels. Insulin sensitivity is defined as how well the body responds to insulin, and when this is impaired, it results in insulin resistance. Insulin resistance refers to a decrease in insulin-mediated glucose disposal in insulin-sensitive tissues. Impaired insulin action can result in insulin resistance, which can lead to illnesses such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. PURPOSE: The purpose is to explore various training modalities and their effects on insulin action, with the intent to answer the question which mode of training, aerobics or resistance has a greater impact on insulin sensitivity. I speculate that the resistance exercisers will show greater improvements in insulin action, compared to the endurance and control groups. METHODS: To examine insulin action, glycogen synthesis was performed on primary human skeletal muscle cells that were derived from 3 groups: high active endurance, highly active resistance, and sedentary control. The samples underwent proliferation and were grown in a cell culture media incubator. After reaching 70-80% confluency, myogenic cells were isolated and differentiated. After cells went through five days of differentiation, they were ready for glycogen synthesis, which was determined using liquid scintillation counting. RESULTS: There were 11 participants in the highly active endurance group, 10 participants in the highly active resistance group, and 4 participants in the sedentary control group. The sedentary group had a greater BMI than the endurance and resistance groups. There was an increase in glycogen synthesis in all groups when stimulated with insulin (p [less-than] 0.0001). There was a significant difference between the highly active resistance and sedentary control groups, when fold change was calculated (p = 0.0060), with the change in the sedentary controls being greater than highly active resistance group. There were no significant correlations between the results and the group characteristics (age, BMI, and oxygen consumption). CONCLUSION: The present study showed that there was an increase in glycogen synthesis in all subjects, regardless of group, when comparing basal to insulin stimulated values. The results of this current study line up with results found in several others that have looked at aerobic trained individuals, however; they have failed to investigate resistance training. It is evident that resistance training has the same effects as aerobic training, but the topic needs to be further explored to confirm this finding.
Author: Sheri R. Colberg
Publisher: American Diabetes Association
ISBN: 158040507X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 554
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Book Description
Physical movement has a positive effect on physical fitness, morbidity, and mortality in individuals with diabetes. Although exercise has long been considered a cornerstone of diabetes management, many health care providers fail to prescribe it. In addition, many fitness professionals may be unaware of the complexities of including physical activity in the management of diabetes. Giving patients or clients a full exercise prescription that take other chronic conditions commonly accompanying diabetes into account may be too time-consuming for or beyond the expertise of many health care and fitness professionals. The purpose of this book is to cover the recommended types and quantities of physical activities that can and should be undertaken by all individuals with any type of diabetes, along with precautions related to medication use and diabetes-related health complications. Medications used to control diabetes should augment lifestyle improvements like increased daily physical activity rather than replace them. Up until now, professional books with exercise information and prescriptions were not timely or interactive enough to easily provide busy professionals with access to the latest recommendations for each unique patient. However, simply instructing patients to “exercise more” is frequently not motivating or informative enough to get them regularly or safely active. This book is changing all that with its up-to-date and easy-to-prescribe exercise and physical activity recommendations and relevant case studies. Read and learn to quickly prescribe effective and appropriate exercise to everyone.
Author: Panayiotis Vlamos
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319573489
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 294
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Book Description
The 2nd World Congress on Genetics, Geriatrics and Neurodegenerative Disease Research (GeNeDis 2016), will focus on recent advances in geriatrics and neurodegeneration, ranging from basic science to clinical and pharmaceutical developments and will provide an international focum for the latest scientific discoveries, medical practices, and care initiatives. Advances information technologies will be discussed along with their implications for various research, implementation, and policy concerns. In addition, the conference will address European and global issues in the funding of long-term care and medico-social policies regarding elderly people. GeNeDis 2016 takes place in Sparta, Greece, 20-23 October, 2016. This volume focuses on the sessions that address geriatrics.
Author: Beatrice Morio
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128117524
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 460
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Book Description
Mitochondria in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: Comprehensive Review on Mitochondrial Functioning and Involvement in Metabolic Diseases synthesizes discoveries from laboratories around the world, enhancing our understanding of the involvement of mitochondria in the etiology of diseases, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Chapters illustrate and provide an overview of key concepts on topics such as the role of mitochondria in adipose tissue, cancer, cardiovascular comorbidities, skeletal muscle, the liver, kidney, and more. This book is a must-have reference for students and educational teams in biology, physiology and medicine, and researchers.
Author: Erik A. Richter
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1489919287
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 325
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Book Description
The Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre was founded in 1994 with the support of a grant from the Danish National Research Foundation. Among the goals for the Centre is the organization of research symposia, with the aim of bringing a limited number ofintemation ally renowned scientists together to discuss the latest developments and perspectives in their field. The first Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre Conference was held in 1995 and dealt with cardiovascular regulation. The Second Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre Confer ence was held from October 23-26, 1997. The topic of the Symposium was Muscle Metabo lism: Regulation, Exercise, and Diabetes. Seventy invited scientists from all over the world discussed their latest research related to skeletal muscle metabolism. The speakers were asked to expand on their presentations and to write short, but comprehensive, chapters about their given topics. The result is 28 peer-reviewed and edited chapters covering many if not all aspects of muscle energy metabolism related to exercise and diabetes. Emphasis is on regulation of glucose and fatty acid metabolism and the mechanisms regulating their use as fuels for the muscle during exercise. In addition, abnormalities in the regulation of glucose metabolism in the diabetic state are described. However, amino acid and protein metabolism are also thoroughly discussed. We believe that this volume brings an unparralleled, up to date, and comprehensive review of the frontiers in muscle metabolism. Erik A.
Author: Mark Hargreaves
Publisher: Human Kinetics
ISBN: 9780736041034
Category : Energy metabolism
Languages : en
Pages : 320
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Book Description
A comprehensive reference for biochemists, sport nutritionists, exercise physiologists, and graduate students in those disciplines. Provides information on the metabolic processes that take place during exercise, examining in depth the mobilization and utilization of substrates during physical activity. Focuses primarily on the skeletal muscle, but also discusses the roles of the liver and adipose tissue. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Author: Lindsea Burns
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 48
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Book Description
The aims of this investigation were 1) to determine if resistance exercise training, like aerobic exercise training, improves insulin signaling in the skeletal muscle of the high fat-fed Sprague Dawley rat via suppression of the IKK inflammatory pathway, and 2) to determine if aerobic and resistance training are equally effective at improving skeletal muscle insulin resistance in the obese Zucker rat, and if these improvements are due to suppression of the IKK inflammatory pathway. Sprague Dawley rats were placed on a chow (NC, n=8) or high-fat (n=24) diet, while the Zucker rats (n=32) were fed a normal chow diet, for 4wks. During the subsequent 8-wk experimental protocol, high fat-fed Sprague Dawley rats were allocated (n=8/group) to sedentary control (HFC), aerobic exercise training (HFAX), or resistance exercise training (HFRX). Lean Zucker rats (LN, n=8) served as genetic controls while obese Zucker rats (n=24) were allocated (n=8/group) to sedentary control (FT), aerobic exercise training (FTAX), or resistance exercise training (FTRX). Following the 8-wk experimental period, animals underwent hindlimb perfusions and the insulin-stimulated red gastrocnemius was collected for viii analysis. High-fat diet induced impairments in insulin-stimulated rates of 3-MG transport in the Sprague Dawley rat were reversed by both aerobic and resistance training due to normalized IRS-1 pY and IRS-1 pS. IKK pS was similar across the HFRX, HFAX and NC animals. Insulin-stimulated rates of 3-MG transport and IRS-1 pY in the skeletal muscle of the FTRX, FTAX and LN groups were similar. Both aerobic and resistance training suppressed IKK pS in the skeletal muscle of the obese Zucker rat. These findings indicate that exercise training, regardless of mode, improves insulin signaling via suppressing IKK inflammation regardless of etiology of insulin resistance.
Author: Michael Kjaer
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1405140577
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 816
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Book Description
The Textbook of Sports Medicine provides comprehensive coverage of both basic science and clinical aspects of sports injury and physical activity. More than one hundred of the World's leading authorities within exercise physiology, clinical internal medicine, sports medicine and traumatology have contributed with evidence-based state-of-the-art chapters to produce the most complete integration ever of sports medicine science into one book. Great attention has been given to providing balanced coverage of all aspects of sports medicine, with respect to the relevance and clinical importance of each area. The book isolates solid principles and knowledge, and the documentation to support these, as well as identifying areas where further scientific investigation is needed. The topics dealt with and the degree of detail in the individual chapters, makes the book ideal for both educational programs at University level within exercise science and sports medicine, as well as for post-graduate courses within all aspects of sports medicine. In addition, the book will be excellent as a reference book in any place where professionals whether doctors, exercise scientists, physiotherapists or coaches are dealing with supervision or treatment of sports-active individuals. Finally, the book is well structured to act as an introduction to research in the field of sports medicine.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789187557415
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 73
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Book Description
Author: F. Lanfranco
Publisher: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
ISBN: 3318058696
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 182
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Book Description
This book is an up-to-date, extensive overview of the effects of physical activity and training on endocrine function. It gives insights into a complex relationship by describing effects with respect to exercise performance, growth, development, and ageing. It includes discussions of the endocrine response depending on exercise mode, intensity, and duration as well as on gender, age, and fitness level. Additionally the book deals with the impact of environmental and psychological factors on endocrine level. A substantial part of Sports Endocrinology is devoted to the 'hot topic' of hormonal doping in sports. The properties of androgens, growth hormone, erythropoietin, and dietary supplements are highlighted. The use and abuse among professional and recreational athletes is discussed and specific methods of detection are presented and explained. All contributors are well-known experts in sports medicine and endocrinology, endocrine physiology, pharmacology, and doping detection, so this book is a must-read for every professional involved in the field.
