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Author: Man Hin Lam
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Exercise for older people
Languages : en
Pages : 395
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Book Description
Study 4 (Chapter 5): This was an experimental study aimed at examining the transmission power and purity of vertical (synchronous) whole-body vibrations upon its propagation in the human body among older adults. Methods and results: Forty older adults were tested (33 women; mean age: 60.3℗ł5.7 years). Four vibration frequencies (25, 30, 35, 40 Hz), two amplitudes (0.6 and 0.9 mm), and six different postures were tested (total 48 conditions). Skin-mounted triaxial accelerometers were placed at the medial malleolus, tibial tuberosity, greater trochanter, third lumbar vertebra, and forehead. The transmissibility of vibration was computed as the ratio of the root-mean-square-acceleration at different body sites to that of the platform. Signal purity was expressed by the percentage of total transmitted power within ℗ł1 Hz of the nominal frequency delivered by the platform. It was found that signal transmissibility was dependent upon the interaction between frequency and posture and, to a lesser extent, the interaction between amplitude and posture. Increasing frequency and amplitude was associated with lower transmissibility. Significant resonance was noted at the medial malleolus. Among different postures, tip-toeing led to the lowest transmissibility. Single-leg standing had the highest WBV transmission to the hip, while erect standing had a significantly higher transmissibility to the head than other postures. The purity of the vibration signal was well conserved as the vibrations were transmitted from the feet to the upper body. To conclude, WBV transmissibility is highly influenced by signal frequency, amplitude and posture. These parameters should be carefully considered when prescribing WBV to older adults. Study 5 (Chapter 6): This was a randomized controlled trial that aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of whole body vibration (WBV) on enhancing the outcomes of a comprehensive exercise training program to improve physical function among institutionalized older adults. Methods and results: Seventy-three institutionalized older adults were randomly allocated to one of three training groups: group 1, a comprehensive strength and balance training program combined with WBV; group 2, a comprehensive strength and balance training program without WBV; and group 3, social and recreational activities consisting of upper limb exercises only. All participants completed 3 training sessions per week for 8 weeks. Measured outcomes included assessment of mobility, balance, lower limb strength, walking endurance, and self-reported balance confidence. Outcomes were measured pre- and post-intervention. Participants were also followed up for 1 year after the end of the training session to record the incidence of falls that required medical attention. Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance was used to evaluate the post-intervention change of measured variables, from baseline, between-groups. The intent-to-treat analysis identified a significant time ©-- group interaction for lower limb strength, evaluated using the time to complete 5 repetitions of sit-to-stand (p=0.048). Post-hoc analysis identified the interaction effect to be contributed by the improvement in lower limb strength for the exercise group without WBV, compared to a decline in strength in the control group (p=0.030). No significant time ©-- group interaction was identified for other outcomes (p9́Æ0.065). To conclude, adding WBV did not enhance the effect of a comprehensive exercise program on the physical function of institutionalized older adults. Although our exercise program was effective in improving lower limb strength, there were no therapeutic effects on balance and mobility. A longer program duration and more challenging balance activities may be needed to improve balance and mobility in these individuals. Study 6 (Chapter 7): This was a randomized controlled trial aimed at evaluating the feasibility, safety, and therapeutic effectiveness of WBV in improving lower limb strength, balance, and mobility among individuals with mild or moderate dementia. Methods and results: Fifty-four older adults (40 women; mean (SD) age: 79.8 (6.1) years) with mild or moderate dementia were recruited from two day-care centers. They were randomly allocated to either the WBV training group (intervention group) or usual care in the daycare center (control group). The intervention period lasted for nine weeks (18 sessions). All subjects were assessed pre- and post-intervention, and three months after the intervention ended. The primary outcome was functional mobility, measured using the Timed Up-and-Go (TUG) test. The following secondary outcomes were evaluated: balance, using the Berg Balance Scale; lower limb strength, using the time to complete 5 repetitions of sit-to-stand; quality of life, using the Quality of Life in Alzheimer's disease questionnaire; and balance confidence, using the Activities specific Balance Confidence scale. The feasibility and safety of the WBV intervention were evaluated in terms of attendance rate, the incidence of adverse events, and feedback provided by trainers. The attendance rate for the training was high (86.0%) with a very low incidence of adverse events: 2 of the 27 participants reported mild knee pain. WBV did not provide additional benefits compared to usual care for the primary outcome and for all secondary outcomes assessed. To conclude, WBV training is feasible and safe to use with people with mild or moderate dementia. However, nine weeks (18 sessions) of vertical WBV (30 Hz, 2 mm peak-to-peak amplitude) did not yield further improvement in physical function and quality of life than a usual activity program, provided at a daycare center, among community-dwelling older adults with dementia. Conclusion: The transmission of WBV through the human body is complex and will be highly influenced by the intensity of WBV and by exercise postures used for training. Although WBV does augment activation of lower limb muscles during exercise, our two randomized controlled trials did not provide evidence of the effectiveness of WBV in improving physical function among institutionalized older adults or among community-dwelling older adults with mild or moderate dementia.
Author: Man Hin Lam
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Exercise for older people
Languages : en
Pages : 395
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Book Description
Study 4 (Chapter 5): This was an experimental study aimed at examining the transmission power and purity of vertical (synchronous) whole-body vibrations upon its propagation in the human body among older adults. Methods and results: Forty older adults were tested (33 women; mean age: 60.3℗ł5.7 years). Four vibration frequencies (25, 30, 35, 40 Hz), two amplitudes (0.6 and 0.9 mm), and six different postures were tested (total 48 conditions). Skin-mounted triaxial accelerometers were placed at the medial malleolus, tibial tuberosity, greater trochanter, third lumbar vertebra, and forehead. The transmissibility of vibration was computed as the ratio of the root-mean-square-acceleration at different body sites to that of the platform. Signal purity was expressed by the percentage of total transmitted power within ℗ł1 Hz of the nominal frequency delivered by the platform. It was found that signal transmissibility was dependent upon the interaction between frequency and posture and, to a lesser extent, the interaction between amplitude and posture. Increasing frequency and amplitude was associated with lower transmissibility. Significant resonance was noted at the medial malleolus. Among different postures, tip-toeing led to the lowest transmissibility. Single-leg standing had the highest WBV transmission to the hip, while erect standing had a significantly higher transmissibility to the head than other postures. The purity of the vibration signal was well conserved as the vibrations were transmitted from the feet to the upper body. To conclude, WBV transmissibility is highly influenced by signal frequency, amplitude and posture. These parameters should be carefully considered when prescribing WBV to older adults. Study 5 (Chapter 6): This was a randomized controlled trial that aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of whole body vibration (WBV) on enhancing the outcomes of a comprehensive exercise training program to improve physical function among institutionalized older adults. Methods and results: Seventy-three institutionalized older adults were randomly allocated to one of three training groups: group 1, a comprehensive strength and balance training program combined with WBV; group 2, a comprehensive strength and balance training program without WBV; and group 3, social and recreational activities consisting of upper limb exercises only. All participants completed 3 training sessions per week for 8 weeks. Measured outcomes included assessment of mobility, balance, lower limb strength, walking endurance, and self-reported balance confidence. Outcomes were measured pre- and post-intervention. Participants were also followed up for 1 year after the end of the training session to record the incidence of falls that required medical attention. Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance was used to evaluate the post-intervention change of measured variables, from baseline, between-groups. The intent-to-treat analysis identified a significant time ©-- group interaction for lower limb strength, evaluated using the time to complete 5 repetitions of sit-to-stand (p=0.048). Post-hoc analysis identified the interaction effect to be contributed by the improvement in lower limb strength for the exercise group without WBV, compared to a decline in strength in the control group (p=0.030). No significant time ©-- group interaction was identified for other outcomes (p9́Æ0.065). To conclude, adding WBV did not enhance the effect of a comprehensive exercise program on the physical function of institutionalized older adults. Although our exercise program was effective in improving lower limb strength, there were no therapeutic effects on balance and mobility. A longer program duration and more challenging balance activities may be needed to improve balance and mobility in these individuals. Study 6 (Chapter 7): This was a randomized controlled trial aimed at evaluating the feasibility, safety, and therapeutic effectiveness of WBV in improving lower limb strength, balance, and mobility among individuals with mild or moderate dementia. Methods and results: Fifty-four older adults (40 women; mean (SD) age: 79.8 (6.1) years) with mild or moderate dementia were recruited from two day-care centers. They were randomly allocated to either the WBV training group (intervention group) or usual care in the daycare center (control group). The intervention period lasted for nine weeks (18 sessions). All subjects were assessed pre- and post-intervention, and three months after the intervention ended. The primary outcome was functional mobility, measured using the Timed Up-and-Go (TUG) test. The following secondary outcomes were evaluated: balance, using the Berg Balance Scale; lower limb strength, using the time to complete 5 repetitions of sit-to-stand; quality of life, using the Quality of Life in Alzheimer's disease questionnaire; and balance confidence, using the Activities specific Balance Confidence scale. The feasibility and safety of the WBV intervention were evaluated in terms of attendance rate, the incidence of adverse events, and feedback provided by trainers. The attendance rate for the training was high (86.0%) with a very low incidence of adverse events: 2 of the 27 participants reported mild knee pain. WBV did not provide additional benefits compared to usual care for the primary outcome and for all secondary outcomes assessed. To conclude, WBV training is feasible and safe to use with people with mild or moderate dementia. However, nine weeks (18 sessions) of vertical WBV (30 Hz, 2 mm peak-to-peak amplitude) did not yield further improvement in physical function and quality of life than a usual activity program, provided at a daycare center, among community-dwelling older adults with dementia. Conclusion: The transmission of WBV through the human body is complex and will be highly influenced by the intensity of WBV and by exercise postures used for training. Although WBV does augment activation of lower limb muscles during exercise, our two randomized controlled trials did not provide evidence of the effectiveness of WBV in improving physical function among institutionalized older adults or among community-dwelling older adults with mild or moderate dementia.
Author: Stephen Leroy Newhart Jr.
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bones
Languages : en
Pages : 143
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Book Description
Over the past several decades, technological advances in computers, transportation devices, and other automated devices have decreased the need for human locomotion and physical activity in the workplace and at home. The need to be physically active in order to sustain and prosper in life has been almost fully eliminated by these technological advances. As a result, sedentary patterns of living have become more prevalent throughout all socioeconomic levels. Age related injuries and conditions including falls and osteoporosis can be debilitating or life ending and have been associated with sedentary behaviors as these can lead to decreased range of motion, muscular atrophy, impaired balance and motor control, reduced gait stability and speed, lower bone density, and subsequent falls. However, muscle weakness, dysfunction, and immobility do not have to consume an individual because the implementation of proper exercise interventions throughout the lifespan can delay or prevent age related injuries.Unfortunately, once a body has entered a state of detraining and lowered function it is often very difficult to reestablish neuromuscular control and bone density by using traditional exercise movements. The types of movements that will densify bones and replace degenerating muscle tissues are often very aggressive and require extensive equipment and supervision. Therefore, there is a need for a therapeutic intervention that can reinvigorate and reestablish neuromuscular control and bone density with little effort. The focus of the following studies is to investigate how the use of whole-body vibration as an exercise modality can improve physical function, as the study findings suggest this method of movement could be a solution to atrophy,weakness, and poor balance.Chapter 2 of this work presents a review of literature on whole-body vibration published in the Practical Pain Management journal. It addresses the current literature on a myriad of factors including pain, flexibility, bone density, balance, strength, and pulmonary rehabilitation.This review presents the findings of 65 studies, all which incorporate the use of a whole-body vibration platform on different populations, all possessing the common goal of assessing the body's response to vibration. Every condition studied in the review showed improvement,including pulmonary conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This review of literature established and enhanced the author's curiosity and drive to perform additional studies using whole-body vibration as an exercise modality.Study 1 (Chapter 3) investigates the use of whole-body vibration on an active population with an average age of 53 years old and a max age of 69 years old. The subjects recruited were recreationally active golfers who did not partake it any specific fitness regimen or strength training program. The assessments administered to the study participants were chosen to reflect physical characteristics needed for golfing; however, these variables are also important in tracking and determining age related physical function. Subjects were tested for power using a kneeling medicine ball explosive chest pass, dynamic balance using the Y-Balance TestTM, core muscle endurance using the timed plank, and contralateral movement efficiency using a kineticstool called Fusionetics®. The study participants were separated into 3 groups, one which performed 4 simple body weight movements while standing on the whole-body vibration platform (VIB), one which completed the same movements while standing on stable group (GRD), and a control group who was asked to maintain their current regimen and not add additional exercise in (CON). There were significant improvements for VIB group (p
Author: Sven S. Rees
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Biomechanics
Languages : en
Pages : 608
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Author: Trentham Phillip Furness
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Exercise for older people
Languages : en
Pages : 348
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"Whole body vibration (WBV) is a mode of exercise by which an individual stands on a vibration platform that may be oscillating and therefore creating vertical displacement which affects gravitational forces acting upon the whole body. Manipulations of platform amplitude or frequency can affect the rate of change of the WBV (i.e. acceleration) acting upon an individual. The specific influences of frequency or amplitude, however, are unknown. The aim of the study, therefore, was two fold; (1) to identify chronic WBV effects of neuromuscular performance within a community dwelling older adult sample, and; (2) to identify WBV methods that would elicit chronic neuromuscular performance changes within such a sample. The study incorporated a randomised controlled experimental design to examine the aim. Seventy-three community dwelling older adults freely consented to the requirements of the study (mean age = 72.0 years). Neuromuscular performance was quantified with the 5-Chair Stands test, the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test and the Tinetti test. Health Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) was qualified with the SF-36 Health Survey. A six week WBV intervention significantly changed the quantifiers of neuromuscular performance in a community dwelling older adult sample. The WBV intervention significantly reduced time taken to complete the 5-Chair Stands test (p
Author: Redha Taiar
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1351013610
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 241
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Book Description
Whole Body Vibrations: Physical and Biological Effects on the Human Body allows an understanding about the qualities and disadvantages of vibration exposure on the human body with a biomechanical and medical perspective. It offers a comprehensive range of principles, methods, techniques and tools to provide the reader with a clear knowledge of the impact of vibration on human tissues and physiological processes. The text considers physical, mechanical and biomechanical aspects and it is illustrated by key application domains such as sports and medicine. Consisting of 11 chapters in total, the first three chapters provide useful tools for measuring, generating, simulating and processing vibration signals. The following seven chapters are applications in different fields of expertise, from performance to health, with localized or global effects. Since unfortunately there are undesirable effects from the exposure to mechanical vibrations, a final chapter is dedicated to this issue. Engineers, researchers and students from biomedical engineering and health sciences, as well as industrial professionals can profit from this compendium of knowledge about mechanical vibration applied to the human body. Provides biomechanical and medical perspectives to understanding the qualities and disadvantages of vibration exposure on the human body Offers a range of principles, methods, techniques, and tools to evaluate the impact of vibration on human tissues and physiological processes Explores mechanical vibration techniques used to improve human performance Discusses the strong association between health and human well-being Explores physical, mechanical, and biomechanical aspects of vibration exposure in domains such as sports and medicine
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Nhlalala Y. Z. Mavundza
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Falls among older adults over 65 years is the leading cause of injuries and fatalities. There has been a demonstrated correlation between number of falls, muscle activity and cognitive impairment in older adults. With increasing age, muscle weakness with executive function and attention declines while motor tasks such as balance and walking become less automated and more cognitively taxing. For example, maintaining postural balance while performing a cognitive task (dual-tasking postural control) requires integration of multi-sensory feedback and cognitive attention. Older adults show increased instability during dual-tasking postural balance due to deficits in proprioceptive sensitivity, muscle weakness and/or cognitive decline. Whole body vibration (WBV) has been used shown to improve balance and muscle strength and muscle activation in older adults. In addition, WBV can improve cognitive function, particularly inhibitory control as a measure of attention in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The primary objective of this study is to determine if three sessions of segmental vibration therapy (SVT) of the lower legs improve muscle activation, executive function and dual-tasking (DT) postural balance in older adults. We hypothesized that SVT will provide a sensory stimulation that acts on muscle spindles and mechanoreceptors that could stimulate neural activity of the leg muscles and improve balance. Twenty participants over the age of 60 were randomized into either a vibration therapy (SVT) or control (CON) group. Segmental vibration therapy was applied to the soleus, gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles for 2 minutes at 20Hz for 3 sessions on 3 consecutive days. Muscle activity of the mentioned muscles were measured using surface electromyograms. Inhibitory control and attention, working memory and processing speed was measured using the NIH Toolbox. The Biodex Balance System was used to assess sensory integration capabilities and balance while dual tasking. There was an observed decrease in muscle activity of the gastrocnemius and soleus following SVT. There were no significant interactions between the groups with the inhibition control and attention scores. There was a significant interaction between the groups with the working memory (p = 0.042) and processing speed (p = 0.039). The CON group showed an increase while the SVT group had a decrease in working memory. Both groups increased in processing speed. The were no interactions in the DT scores between the groups but there were note worthy changes in the different balance conditions. The SVT decreased DT-motor cost in the eyes closed conditions whereas the CON increased in the same conditions. The DT-cognitive cost decreased in both conditions. The CON decreased mostly in the firm surface conditions and the SVT decreased mostly in the soft surface conditions. Our data suggests that SVT can improve balance in older adults which can result in improved when visual input was removed, and proprioceptive input was altered. This likely allowed for better integration of the available sensory inputs to maintain posture and balance.
Author: Iris Malka
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Tareq Ahram
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3030256294
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 1020
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This book reports on research and developments in human-technology interaction. A special emphasis is given to human-computer interaction, and its implementation for a wide range of purposes such as healthcare, aerospace, telecommunication, and education, among others. The human aspects are analyzed in detail. Timely studies on human-centered design, wearable technologies, social and affective computing, augmented, virtual and mixed reality simulation, human rehabilitation and biomechanics represent the core of the book. Emerging technology applications in business, security, and infrastructure are also critically examined, thus offering a timely, scientifically-grounded, but also professionally-oriented snapshot of the current state of the field. The book is based on contributions presented at the 1st International Conference on Human Interaction and Emerging Technologies, IHIET 2019, held on August 22-24, in Nice, France. It offers a timely survey and a practice-oriented reference guide to systems engineers, psychologists, sport scientists, physical therapists, as well as decision-makers, designing or dealing with the new generation of service systems. User Experience of a Social Media Based Knowledge Sharing System in Industry Work, Chapter of this book is available open access under a CC BY 4.0 license at link.springer.com
Author: Hongjun Yin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 258
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