The Effect of Various Breathing Maneuvers on Measurement of Lung Volumes for Hydrostatic Weighing PDF Download
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Author: Gaoyong Zhu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Body composition
Languages : en
Pages : 134
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Book Description
This study was to determine if an increase of PaC02, after breath-holding prior to full inspiration, could enable a person to reach the same FVC measured on land while submerged. Another purpose of this study was to explore the difference in Db and %BF between HW at RV, TLC and TLCwet with breath-holding. The FVC was measured under the conditions of on land and in water, both with breath-holding and without breath-holding. Secondly, subjects were hydrostatically weighed at RV, TLCwet, and TLCwet with breath-holding to determine the differences in estimation of Db and %BF. The RV was estimated via empirical formula. The TLC was determined by summing FVC and RV. Fifteen male (18 - 25 years old) and 15 female (19 -28 years old) students volunteered for this study. A two-way ANOVA with repeated measures and Scheffe's post hoc test were used for statistical analysis of data. The a level was set at .05 for statistical significance. There was no indication of increase in FVC with breath-holding. The FVC both with and without breath-holding was significantly reduced in water (5.4% - 5.5 % in females, 3.4% - 3.9 % in males). The mean Db calculated from RV was the lowest in both genders and was significantly lower than Db from TLCwet, TLCdry, and TLCwet with breath-holding. The Db at TLCwet was lower than at TLCdry with no statistical significance in males (average 0.002 gm/cc difference) and in females (mean difference was 0.005 gm/cc). The mean %BF difference between TLCwet and TLCdry was 0.75% in males and 2.01 % in females (p̲>.05). It is unlikely that a possible increase of PaC02 attained after breath-holding could facilitate inspiratory motion via stimulus to the chemoreceptors to overcome hydrostatic pressure. The empirical estimate of RV may not be suitable for young adults who have larger lungs. Using TLCdry in HW could be an alternative instead of using RV for males; for females it should be used with greater caution.
Author: Gaoyong Zhu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Body composition
Languages : en
Pages : 134
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Book Description
This study was to determine if an increase of PaC02, after breath-holding prior to full inspiration, could enable a person to reach the same FVC measured on land while submerged. Another purpose of this study was to explore the difference in Db and %BF between HW at RV, TLC and TLCwet with breath-holding. The FVC was measured under the conditions of on land and in water, both with breath-holding and without breath-holding. Secondly, subjects were hydrostatically weighed at RV, TLCwet, and TLCwet with breath-holding to determine the differences in estimation of Db and %BF. The RV was estimated via empirical formula. The TLC was determined by summing FVC and RV. Fifteen male (18 - 25 years old) and 15 female (19 -28 years old) students volunteered for this study. A two-way ANOVA with repeated measures and Scheffe's post hoc test were used for statistical analysis of data. The a level was set at .05 for statistical significance. There was no indication of increase in FVC with breath-holding. The FVC both with and without breath-holding was significantly reduced in water (5.4% - 5.5 % in females, 3.4% - 3.9 % in males). The mean Db calculated from RV was the lowest in both genders and was significantly lower than Db from TLCwet, TLCdry, and TLCwet with breath-holding. The Db at TLCwet was lower than at TLCdry with no statistical significance in males (average 0.002 gm/cc difference) and in females (mean difference was 0.005 gm/cc). The mean %BF difference between TLCwet and TLCdry was 0.75% in males and 2.01 % in females (p̲>.05). It is unlikely that a possible increase of PaC02 attained after breath-holding could facilitate inspiratory motion via stimulus to the chemoreceptors to overcome hydrostatic pressure. The empirical estimate of RV may not be suitable for young adults who have larger lungs. Using TLCdry in HW could be an alternative instead of using RV for males; for females it should be used with greater caution.
Author: Leonard James Thompson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Lungs
Languages : en
Pages : 44
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Book Description
Lung volumes were measured by spirometry and single breath helium dilution in five subjects under various combinations of posture, breathing pressure, and headout neutral temperature immersion. Tidal volume was unaltered. Vital capacity was reduced significantly only by negative pressure breathing during seated immersion. Seated immersion decreased total lung capacity and functional residual capacity, but the supine posture underwater partially restored these decreases. Positive pressure breathing increased total lung capacity and residual volume for the seated subject in both air and water. A wide range of transthoracic pressure gradients is subjectively more comfortable than a slight increase in the transpharyngeal pressure gradient, suggesting that during immersion, intrapulmonic pressures are selected by the subject to minimize the transpharyngeal pressure gradient. (Author).
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Sports medicine
Languages : en
Pages : 266
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Book Description
Author: Sharon R. Akabas
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118318382
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 512
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Book Description
Textbook of Obesity is designed to cover all of the essential elements concerning the etiology, prevention and treatment of obesity suitable for students in nutrition, dietetics and health science courses. Providing core knowledge for students is an essential and urgent requirement to ensure that those graduating will be properly equipped to deal with the high prevalence of overweight and obesity, currently affecting almost two-thirds of the population of the USA and with prevalence in much of the rest of the world rapidly catching up. This landmark text is organized into 5 parts comprising 27 chapters, each carefully written in a user-friendly style by experts in the area. Part I helps the reader to understand the scope and complexity of the problem of obesity. Part II focuses on obesity etiology. Part III examines the health consequences of obesity for both children and adults. Part IV discusses the challenge of assessing obesity in humans and offers insights into community factors that influence the risk of obesity. Finally, Part V dedicates 13 chapters to a discussion of a wide variety of obesity prevention and treatment interventions that are currently in use. Textbook of Obesity is an essential purchase for students and the many health professionals dealing with obesity on a day-to-day basis. A dedicated companion website features an extensive bank of questions and answers for readers to test their understanding, and all of the book’s illustrations for instructors to download: www.wiley.com/go/akabas/obesity
Author: Hermann Rahn
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 292
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Book Description
Author: Kenneth J. Ellis
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1489912681
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 392
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Book Description
This book is the compilation of papers presented at the International Symposium on In Vivo Body Composition Studies, held in Houston, Texas, November 10-12, 1992. The purpose of this conference was to report on the state-of-the-art techniques for in vivo body composition measurements and to present the most recent human data on normal body composition and changes during disease. This conference was the third in a series of meetings on body composition studies held in North America, and follows the successful meetings at Brookhaven National Laboratory in 1986, and the one in Toronto in 1989. A large number of excellent research papers were offered for consideration at this Conference which demonstrates the rapid growth of the field in the last three years. However, we had to limit the presentations to approximately 90 papers which provided a broad spectrum of the applications and recent interest in the subject. The proceedings of the Brookhaven meeting "In Vivo Body Composition Studies", is published by The Institute of Physical Sciences in Medicine, London. The proceedings of the Toronto meeting "In Vivo Body Composition Studies" was published by Plenum Press in its basic life science series. Both these meetings placed more emphasis on technical aspects while the current Houston meeting tried to emphasize more the emerging clinical applications of these techniques. The general sessions used at the Conference for presentations forms the basis of the order of appearance of the papers in this book.
Author: Giovanni Cavagna
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3030194043
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 259
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Book Description
This textbook explores the fundamental qualitative and quantitative aspects of human physiology. It approaches biological and physiological processes and phenomena from a quantitative perspective, revealing how physiological problems can be mathematically formulated starting from simple laws of physics. The book addresses a broad range of topics, including: the statics and dynamics of circulation; muscle and sarcomere force-length and force-velocity relations, together with their mechanisms and functional consequences; subdivisions and meaning of the heat produced by muscle; locomotion, statics and dynamics of respiration; diffusion of gases and acid base equilibrium; phonation; general functions of the kidney and of the different sections of the nephron; changes in clearance with a substance’s plasmatic concentration; pH regulation and the kidney; Donnan’s equilibrium and its consequences; and the Nernst equation. The book offers the ideal learning resource for students of human physiology courses in medicine and biomedicine, as well as biomedical engineering and biophysics graduate students. An elementary grasp of mathematics and physics is sufficient to understand the content.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medicine
Languages : en
Pages : 1292
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Book Description
Author: G. Kim Prisk
Publisher: Biota Publishing
ISBN: 1615044515
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 88
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Book Description
The lung receives the entire cardiac output from the right heart and must load oxygen onto and unload carbon dioxide from perfusing blood in the correct amounts to meet the metabolic needs of the body. It does so through the process of passive diffusion. Effective diffusion is accomplished by intricate parallel structures of airways and blood vessels designed to bring ventilation and perfusion together in an appropriate ratio in the same place and at the same time. Gas exchange is determined by the ventilation-perfusion ratio in each of the gas exchange units of the lung. In the normal lung ventilation and perfusion are well matched, and the ventilation-perfusion ratio is remarkably uniform among lung units, such that the partial pressure of oxygen in the blood leaving the pulmonary capillaries is less than 10 Torr lower than that in the alveolar space. In disease, the disruption to ventilation-perfusion matching and to diffusional transport may result in inefficient gas exchange and arterial hypoxemia. This volume covers the basics of pulmonary gas exchange, providing a central understanding of the processes involved, the interactions between the components upon which gas exchange depends, and basic equations of the process.
Author: David Chambers
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1108463991
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 469
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Book Description
Easily understood, up-to-date and clinically relevant, this book provides junior anaesthetists with an essential physiology resource.
