The Economic Feasibility of Combined Heat and Power as a Utility Producer for the Residential Sector PDF Download
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Author: Abigail Devin Ondeck
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 422
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Book Description
Combined heat and power (CHP) plants are a very promising prospect to reducing CO2 emissions and increasing efficiency in the power generation sector, especially when combined with residential solar photovoltaic (PV) power generation. By utilizing natural gas, a cleaner fuel than coal, CHP plants can reduce CO2 emissions, while exploiting the waste heat from electricity production to generate a useful thermal energy, increasing the overall efficiency of the plant. While incorporating residential solar PV power generation has important environmental benefits, it can - if not properly managed - lead to an over-generation situation with very high power plant ramp rates. Most current power plants are unlikely to be able to withstand such rapid changes in generation rates. If PV generation is incorporated into the design and operation of the CHP plant, both thermal and electrical energy storage systems can be included, opening the door to more strategies for controlling photovoltaic generation and increased PV power generation. The ability to combine thermal and electrical energy generation in an efficient manner, on a medium to large scale, suggests that CHP plants with rooftop PV panels and energy storage are an appealing choice as an integrated utility supplier for the neighborhood of the future. Yet, there are currently no CHP plants that serve exclusively residential neighborhoods in the United States. Thus, the objective of this research was to determine the most economical design and operation of a CHP plant with integrated residential solar PV power generation to meet all the energy demands of a residential neighborhood. After determining that a CHP plant could meet all the electricity, heating, and cooling demands of a residential neighborhood, a multi-scale economical optimization formulation to simultaneously determine the design and operation of a CHP plant with PV generation was constructed. The optimal CHP plant produced extra energy, so the optimization formulation was updated to include both thermal and electrical energy storage. Utilizing the results from these optimizations, the monetary values of PV generation and energy storage were evaluated, giving a guide for future economic targets for these technologies.
Author: Abigail Devin Ondeck
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 422
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Book Description
Combined heat and power (CHP) plants are a very promising prospect to reducing CO2 emissions and increasing efficiency in the power generation sector, especially when combined with residential solar photovoltaic (PV) power generation. By utilizing natural gas, a cleaner fuel than coal, CHP plants can reduce CO2 emissions, while exploiting the waste heat from electricity production to generate a useful thermal energy, increasing the overall efficiency of the plant. While incorporating residential solar PV power generation has important environmental benefits, it can - if not properly managed - lead to an over-generation situation with very high power plant ramp rates. Most current power plants are unlikely to be able to withstand such rapid changes in generation rates. If PV generation is incorporated into the design and operation of the CHP plant, both thermal and electrical energy storage systems can be included, opening the door to more strategies for controlling photovoltaic generation and increased PV power generation. The ability to combine thermal and electrical energy generation in an efficient manner, on a medium to large scale, suggests that CHP plants with rooftop PV panels and energy storage are an appealing choice as an integrated utility supplier for the neighborhood of the future. Yet, there are currently no CHP plants that serve exclusively residential neighborhoods in the United States. Thus, the objective of this research was to determine the most economical design and operation of a CHP plant with integrated residential solar PV power generation to meet all the energy demands of a residential neighborhood. After determining that a CHP plant could meet all the electricity, heating, and cooling demands of a residential neighborhood, a multi-scale economical optimization formulation to simultaneously determine the design and operation of a CHP plant with PV generation was constructed. The optimal CHP plant produced extra energy, so the optimization formulation was updated to include both thermal and electrical energy storage. Utilizing the results from these optimizations, the monetary values of PV generation and energy storage were evaluated, giving a guide for future economic targets for these technologies.
Author: Jennifer Hope Frankland
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Energy conservation
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
In the United States, 40% of energy use was for electricity generation in 2011, but two thirds of the energy used to produce electricity was lost as heat. Combined heat and power systems are an energy technology that provides electrical and thermal energy at high efficiencies by utilizing excess heat from the process of electricity generation. This technology can offer a decentralized method of energy generation for urban regions which can provide a more reliable, resilient and efficient power supply, and has a lower impact on the environment compared to certain centralized electricity generation systems. In order for the use of combined heat and power systems to become more widespread and mainstream, studies must be performed which analyze their use in various conditions and applications. This work examines the use of a combined heat and power system with a microturbine as the prime mover in residential and commercial scenarios and analyzes the technical and economic feasibility of various system configurations. Energy models are developed for R1, R6 and 2-story office building scenarios using eQUEST, and these results give the electrical and thermal energy requirements for each building. Combined heat and power system models are then developed and presented for each scenario, and the building energy requirements and system component sizes available are considered in order to determine the optimal configurations for each system. The combined heat and power system models designed for each scenario are analyzed to find energy savings, water impacts, and emissions impacts of the system, and each model is examined for economic and environmental feasibility. The models created provide information on the most technically and economically efficient configurations of combined heat and power systems for each scenario examined. Data on system component sizing, system efficiencies, and environmental impacts of each system were determined, as well as how these scenarios compared to the use of traditional centralized energy systems. Combined heat and power has the potential to significantly improve the resiliency, reliability and efficiency of the current energy system in the U.S., and by studying and modeling its uses we more completely understand its function in a range of scenarios and can deploy the systems in a greater number of environments and applications.
Author: J. Sirchis
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1135380473
Category : Architecture
Languages : en
Pages : 234
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Proceedings of a European seminar organized by the CEC, Directorate-General for Energy and the Instituto para la Diversificacion y Ahorro de la Energia Eua (IDEA) with the cooperation of Gomez Pardo Foundation's Energy Commission, Madrid, Spain, 10-11 October 1989.
Author: J. H. Horlock
Publisher: Pergamon
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 240
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Power resources
Languages : en
Pages : 486
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cogeneration of electric power and heat
Languages : en
Pages : 192
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cogeneration of electric power and heat
Languages : en
Pages :
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The main objective of this study is to develop a methodology which can be used to assess the economic potential for combined heat and power (CHP) systems to be employed in an effort to offset a portion or all of the conventionally supplied power and thermal energy at industrial manufacturing facilities. A methodology is developed which determines the economic considerations of proposed industrial CHP projects once the system configuration is specified. This methodology is then applied to a number of different industrial facilities in a parametric analysis in order to demonstrate how it can be used to assess the potential for success for CHP at industrial sites for a wide range of manufacturing processes. Many of the methodology inputs, such as facility operational hours, facility thermal load, etc. are then varied in order to determine how they affect the economic considerations of the corresponding project. Conclusions are subsequently made as to how each of these parameters can be indicative of project success before employing the methodology. This study focuses on industrial sites in the Southeast U.S., which historically have relatively low utility usage rates. The Southeast U.S. also lacks adequate policy applicable to CHP systems, such as net metering and interconnection standards rules, when compared to the rest of the country. It is for this reason that the methodology developed in this research assumes that a base load CHP system is the most economically viable CHP option and the current status of policy applicable to CHP at industrial facilities located in the Southeast U.S. is also investigated. The results of the parametric analysis are modified to determine if improved economics can be attained if the associated facilities engage in net metering programs. As a result, suggested net metering rates that can positively affect the economic considerations of industrial CHP projects in the Southeast U.S. are realized. Finally, a simple tool based on the methodology presented in this research was developed and can be used to calculate the project economics of an industrial facility CHP system.
Author: Eric Webb
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Problem Definition: Combined heat and power (CHP) plants generate electricity and useful heat at the same time, reaching high efficiencies. There are many benefits to utilities of having CHP plants in their portfolio, including increasing power reliability, reducing transmission losses, and meeting environmental regulations. Despite these benefits, only 3% of all CHP capacity in the U.S. is utility owned. We study the economics of utility ownership of CHP plants and examine the impact of regulatory policies on such investments.Academic/Practical Relevance: There is little research on the economics of utility ownership of CHP. Given the low CHP adoption rate in the U.S., particularly by utilities, it is of general interest to understand the economics of CHP and how policies affect CHP adoption.Methodology: We solve for the optimal form of investment and dispatch decisions using analytic economic modeling. Following this, we present a numerical study calibrated with real data from three different utilities in the U.S., including their existing generation portfolio, uncertainties in demand and fuel prices, granular renewable intermittency, and grid reliability.Results: A utility's investment in different generating technologies follows an Invest/Stay Put/Disinvest (ISD) policy for a given siting decision of CHP plants. Numerically, we find investment in many CHP plants to be attractive to utilities, even without regulatory policy intervention. A low to moderate emissions tax makes CHP even more attractive for utilities.Managerial Implications: There is significant interest in energy sustainability in the industrial and academic communities. We shed light on a technology that is well known to practitioners but less explored in academia and demonstrate its benefits rigorously. We show that utilities should seriously consider adopting CHP in their generation portfolios, and our model framework can aid such decisions.
![An Engineering-economic Analysis of Combined Heat and Power Technologies in a [mu]grid Application PDF](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/fQJKnQAACAAJ?fife=w80-h100)
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 5
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This report describes an investigation at Ernesto Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) of the potential for coupling combined heat and power (CHP) with on-site electricity generation to provide power and heating, and cooling services to customers. This research into distributed energy resources (DER) builds on the concept of the microgrid (mGrid), a semiautonomous grouping of power-generating sources that are placed and operated by and for the benefit of its members. For this investigation, a hypothetical small shopping mall (''Microgrid Oaks'') was developed and analyzed for the cost effectiveness of installing CHP to provide the mGrid's energy needs. A mGrid consists of groups of customers pooling energy loads and installing a combination of generation resources that meets the particular mGrid's goals. This study assumes the mGrid is seeking to minimize energy costs. mGrids could operate independently of the macrogrid (the wider power network), but they are usually assumed to be connected, through power electronics, to the macrogrid. The mGrid in this study is assumed to be interconnected to the macrogrid, and can purchase some energy and ancillary services from utility providers.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cogeneration of electric power and heat
Languages : en
Pages : 138
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