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Author: C. Fest
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642684416
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 369
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Book Description
Rapid progress in the field of organophosphate compounds has made this new edition necessary. Particular attention has been paid to new developments in biologically active products as this is probably of greatest interest to practical chemists. I have therefore updated the chapter on chemistry and, in connection with this, rewritten the chapter on metabolism. I should especially like to thank Professor Dr. HELLMUT HOFFMANN for his constant encouragement and interest in my work and for many fruitful discus sions. The co-author to the 1st edition, Dr. KARL-JULIUS SCHMIDT, died suddenly on November 21, 1980. I treasure the memory of a valued colleague of many years standing. Elberfeld, January 1982 CHRISTA FEST VII Preface to the First Edition Our intention has been to provide a short introduction to the chemistry and mode of action of insecticidal phosphoric acid compounds, with particular ref erence to the relationship between structure and activity. The yearly produc tion of these pesticides is now approaching 100,000 tons and thus offers an im portant example of applied research. If, however, one examines the historical development of these compounds, it is apparent that this was preceded by a hundred years of pure chemistry of phosphorus.
Author: C. Fest
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642684416
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 369
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Book Description
Rapid progress in the field of organophosphate compounds has made this new edition necessary. Particular attention has been paid to new developments in biologically active products as this is probably of greatest interest to practical chemists. I have therefore updated the chapter on chemistry and, in connection with this, rewritten the chapter on metabolism. I should especially like to thank Professor Dr. HELLMUT HOFFMANN for his constant encouragement and interest in my work and for many fruitful discus sions. The co-author to the 1st edition, Dr. KARL-JULIUS SCHMIDT, died suddenly on November 21, 1980. I treasure the memory of a valued colleague of many years standing. Elberfeld, January 1982 CHRISTA FEST VII Preface to the First Edition Our intention has been to provide a short introduction to the chemistry and mode of action of insecticidal phosphoric acid compounds, with particular ref erence to the relationship between structure and activity. The yearly produc tion of these pesticides is now approaching 100,000 tons and thus offers an im portant example of applied research. If, however, one examines the historical development of these compounds, it is apparent that this was preceded by a hundred years of pure chemistry of phosphorus.
Author: Christa Fest
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642978762
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 346
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Book Description
Our intention has been to provide a short introduction to the chemistry and mode of action of insecticidal phosphoric acid compounds, with particular reference to the relationship between structure and activity. The yearly production of these pesticides is now approaching 100,000 tons and thus offers an important example of applied research. If, however, one examines the historical develop ment of these compounds, it is apparent that this was preceded by a hundred years of pure chemistry of phosphorus. The utility of the phosphoric acid pesticides is undisputed today - and furthermore it can be expected that they will solve many of the world's nutritional problems" yet from this field of applied research many paths are now leading back into basic research in chemistry, biochemistry, biology and toxicology etc. This clearly illustrates the problem of attempting to define pure and applied research. Originally, this book was conceived for students of chemistry who, on completion of their study, were uncertain about the place of applied research in industry but it was soon clear that such material, when supplemented with further data, would serve as an introduction to the field of pesticidal phosphoric acid compounds for many technicians, officials and scientists who, in various authorities in agriculture, in chemical and biological research, are concerned with the problems of crop protection and more recently with questions of pollution of the environ ment.
Author: Morifusa Etō
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 410
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Book Description
Nomenclature. Phosphates. Phosphorothionates. Phosphorothilothionates. Phosphorothiolates. Derivates of phosphoramidic acid. Phosphonates. Hydrolysis. Chemical reactions. Biochemistry. Individual Pesticides.
Author: Christa Fest
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9780387058580
Category : Insecticides
Languages : en
Pages : 339
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Book Description
Author: Morifusa Eto
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1351092200
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 705
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Book Description
In order to get a general concept of organophosphorus pesticides with such a variety in structure and biological activities, consideration of each aspect of chemistry, biochemistry, and the applied sciences is necessary. This book consists of these three main parts. After the presentation of the background of phosphorus chemistry in Chapter 1, stress was put on the chemical and biochemical reactions of organophosphorus pesticides, including synthesis, analysis, metabolism mode of action, and other interesting aspects in Chapter 2 to 4, and on the structure-pesticidal activity relationship in Chapter 5.
Author: Janice E. Chambers
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080917267
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 440
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Book Description
This volume pulls together a wealth of up-to-date information on the toxicology of this diverse and ubiquitous class of insecticides. Leading experts review the reactivity of organophosphorus compounds with cholinesterase, as well as their metabolism and biological effects on humans and other nontarget organisms. The book not only covers the anticholinesterase actions of organophosphates, but also other, presumably independent, effects, such as teratogenicity, delayed neuropathy, immunotoxicity, and behavioral toxicity. Offers crucial overviews of chemical and biochemical reactivity and biological responsiveness of mainly nontarget organisms Reviews new developments in assessment of metabolism and disposition of organophosphorus compounds Examines organophosphorus compound-induced toxicity mediated by mechanisms other than inhibition of acetylcholinesterase Covers new research on differences in toxicity induced by the variety of organophosphorus Analyzes current controversies on the relevance of certain biochemical parameters in actual organophosphate toxicity in vivo
Author: Ramesh C. Gupta
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 9780080543109
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 768
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Book Description
This text/reference book provides the most comprehensive coverage of anticholinesterase compounds (Organophosphates and Carbamates), which constitute the largest number of chemicals that are primarily used as insecticides in agriculture, industry, and around the home/garden. Some OPs (nerve agents) have been used in chemical warfare and terrorist attacks, while some OPs and CMs have been recommended as therapeutic agents in human medicine as well as in veterinary medicine. Many chemicals of both classes are extremely toxic and lack selectivity, thus their inadvertent/accidental use continues to pose a threat to human and animal health, aquatic systems and wildlife. These anticholinesterase agents produce a variety of toxicological effects in target and nontarget organs. In light of this complexicity, this multi-authored book is written by the well known scientists from many countries. The book is organized into nine sections, with a total of 49 chapters, to provide in-depth knowledge on various aspects of OP and CM compounds, including their use, classification, mechanism-based toxicity, and prophylactic and therapeutic measurements. Several chapters are written with special emphasis to cover timely topics, such as chemical warfare agents, physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling, structure and function of cholinesterases, paraoxonase, carboxylesterases; developmental neurotoxicity, the intermediate syndrome, oxidative stress, endocrine disruption, and DNA damage/gene expression and carcinogenesis. Section-VI with 5 chapters is specifically devoted to risk assessment, and safety and regulatory guidelines for pesticides. Describes everything you need to know about Organophosphates and Carbamates Extensively covers pesticides, nerve agents, therapeutic drugs, and flame retardants Describes epidemiology of the world's major disasters involving Organophosphates and Carbamates Covers animal, human, aquatic, and wildlife toxicity of Anticholinesterases Insights into in-depth cholinergic and noncholinergic mechanisms of toxicity Describes recent advancements in cholinesterases, paraoxonases, carboxylesterases, oxidative stress, endocrine disruption, cardiac and pulmonary toxicity, and carcinogenesis Provides in vitro and in vivo models for neurotoxicity testing Integrates knowledge of studies in lab animals and humans Offers risk/safety assessment and national/international guidelines for permissible levels of pesticide residues Describes management of Anticholinesterase poisoning in humans
Author: Anuj Ranjan
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030791289
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 112
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Book Description
This book addresses the consequences of high agricultural pesticide use over the last few decades in the form of organophosphate poisoning. The authors provide a background overview of organophosphate compounds, their environmental toxicity, non-target exposures and cases of human poisoning. The authors also compile and analyze data from the last two decades to demonstrate the toxicological aspects of organophosphates, and how they can pose a threat to human health. Readers will learn about the clinical manifestation of organophosphate exposure in humans, as well as the enzymatic pathways and mechanisms by which organophosphates are processed in the body and cause harm. The book concludes by providing techniques, practices and recommendations for how to manage organophosphate exposure and poisoning. It will be useful for clinicians and public health professionals, scientists, medical practitioners, researchers and environmental toxicologists.
Author: Neil Wilkinson
Publisher: Nova Science Publishers
ISBN: 9781634854504
Category : Organophosphorus compounds
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
At present, organophosphorus compounds (OP) are considered some of the most toxic substances synthesised by man. These compounds are widely used in agriculture, residential gardening and in pest control programs, as well as in veterinary practices of the modern world. The primary toxicity of organophosphates is associated with the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase in the central and peripheral nervous system, resulting in acetylcholine accumulation and consequently disrupted neurotransmission. In this book, Chapter One provides an overview of recent studies regarding toxic effects of organophosphates, the methods of their removal, and detoxification in live organisms. Chapter Two summarizes the results of monitoring agricultural products for the presence of organophosphorus pesticides, putting a special emphasis on potential ways for reduction of their levels. The final chapter focuses specifically on the structural features, applications, toxicity mechanisms and effects of exposure on human health of fenitrothion, a non-systemic organophosphorous insecticide.
Author: Deacon Palmer
Publisher: States Academic Press
ISBN: 9781639897377
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Organophosphorus compounds are derivatives of phosphoric, phosphinic or phosphonic acid in which the oxygen atoms directly bind with the phosphorus atom and can be replaced by the atoms of nitrogen or sulfur. They are primarily used as pesticides and insecticides, and serve as a substitute to chlorinated hydrocarbons persisting in the environment. Despite their extensive uses, certain organophosphorus compounds are toxic for human beings. These compounds are abundant in nature and due to their inherent chemical properties, play a vital role in various sectors. Asymmetry, multivalency, variable oxidation states and metal-binding properties are a few of the notable characteristics that enhance their identification as a distinct and adaptable family of chemicals. There has been rapid progress in organophosphorus chemistry and its applications are finding their way across multiple industries. This book aims to shed light on some of the unexplored aspects of organophosphorus chemistry and the recent researches in this field. It also aims to equip students and experts with the advanced topics and upcoming concepts in this area of chemistry.
