The Cerebral Circulation PDF Download
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Author: Marilyn J. Cipolla
Publisher: Biota Publishing
ISBN: 1615047239
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 82
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Book Description
This e-book will review special features of the cerebral circulation and how they contribute to the physiology of the brain. It describes structural and functional properties of the cerebral circulation that are unique to the brain, an organ with high metabolic demands and the need for tight water and ion homeostasis. Autoregulation is pronounced in the brain, with myogenic, metabolic and neurogenic mechanisms contributing to maintain relatively constant blood flow during both increases and decreases in pressure. In addition, unlike peripheral organs where the majority of vascular resistance resides in small arteries and arterioles, large extracranial and intracranial arteries contribute significantly to vascular resistance in the brain. The prominent role of large arteries in cerebrovascular resistance helps maintain blood flow and protect downstream vessels during changes in perfusion pressure. The cerebral endothelium is also unique in that its barrier properties are in some way more like epithelium than endothelium in the periphery. The cerebral endothelium, known as the blood-brain barrier, has specialized tight junctions that do not allow ions to pass freely and has very low hydraulic conductivity and transcellular transport. This special configuration modifies Starling's forces in the brain microcirculation such that ions retained in the vascular lumen oppose water movement due to hydrostatic pressure. Tight water regulation is necessary in the brain because it has limited capacity for expansion within the skull. Increased intracranial pressure due to vasogenic edema can cause severe neurologic complications and death.
Author: Marilyn J. Cipolla
Publisher: Biota Publishing
ISBN: 1615047239
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 82
Get Book Here
Book Description
This e-book will review special features of the cerebral circulation and how they contribute to the physiology of the brain. It describes structural and functional properties of the cerebral circulation that are unique to the brain, an organ with high metabolic demands and the need for tight water and ion homeostasis. Autoregulation is pronounced in the brain, with myogenic, metabolic and neurogenic mechanisms contributing to maintain relatively constant blood flow during both increases and decreases in pressure. In addition, unlike peripheral organs where the majority of vascular resistance resides in small arteries and arterioles, large extracranial and intracranial arteries contribute significantly to vascular resistance in the brain. The prominent role of large arteries in cerebrovascular resistance helps maintain blood flow and protect downstream vessels during changes in perfusion pressure. The cerebral endothelium is also unique in that its barrier properties are in some way more like epithelium than endothelium in the periphery. The cerebral endothelium, known as the blood-brain barrier, has specialized tight junctions that do not allow ions to pass freely and has very low hydraulic conductivity and transcellular transport. This special configuration modifies Starling's forces in the brain microcirculation such that ions retained in the vascular lumen oppose water movement due to hydrostatic pressure. Tight water regulation is necessary in the brain because it has limited capacity for expansion within the skull. Increased intracranial pressure due to vasogenic edema can cause severe neurologic complications and death.
Author: Robin Nijs
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789044401066
Category :
Languages : nl
Pages : 57
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Book Description
Author: Andrea Boicelli
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1468455656
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 265
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Book Description
The NATO Advanced Study Institute on "Cerebral Blood Flow: Mathematical Models, Instrumentation, and Imaging Techniques" was held in L'Aquila, Italy, June 2-13, 1986. Contributions to this program were received from the University of L'Aquila, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Siemens Elettra S.p.A., and Bracco S.p.A. Recent studies of the cerebral blood circulation have lagged behind analysis of other parameters such as glucose utilization, transmitter distribution, and precursors. This Advanced Study Institute tried to fill this gap by analyzing in detail different physical techniques such as Autoradiography (including Double-Tracer Auto radiography and highly specific tracers as Iodoantipyrine, Micro spheres), Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Each method was analyzed in regards to its precision, resolution, response time. A considerable part of this Institute was devoted to the mathematics of CBF measurement, in its two aspects, i.e. the modeling of the underlying kinetic system and the statistical analysis of the data. The modeling methods proposed included the development of a differential algebra whereby the differential and integral equations involved could be solved by simple algebraic methods, including graph theoretical ones; the statistical methods proposed included the illustration of different parametrizations of possible use in the interpretation of experimental results.
Author: Lars Edvinsson
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780781722599
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 521
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Book Description
Written and edited by the world's foremost authorities, the Second Edition of this landmark work is a current, comprehensive reference on cerebral blood flow and metabolism. The book covers the entire field in a systematic and coherent way and synthesizes the diverse body of basic science and clinical literature. The reader will gain a complete understanding of the anatomical, physiological, and pharmacological bases of the cerebral circulation, its regulation in health and disease, and the pathophysiological disturbances occurring in cerebrovascular disorders. Coverage includes stimulating discussions of future directions for research and therapeutic intervention.
Author: Yu. E. Moskalenko
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 148315582X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 175
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Book Description
Biophysical Aspects of Cerebral Circulation provides a comprehensive review of the cerebral circulatory system. This book consists of four chapters. Chapter 1 is devoted to methodology attempts to explain the special features of a biophysical approach. The biophysical principles of the most commonly used modem methods such as the clearance method and rheoencephalography are described in detail. The second and third chapters examine all the biophysical aspects of the cerebral circulatory system as a functional unit and deal with some principles of its regulation. The results of systems analysis using mathematical modeling are presented in broad outline. Chapter 4 deals with processes related to the regional cerebral circulation. Such investigations focus mainly on the relationship between periodically fluctuating factors affecting limited areas of brain tissue. This text is beneficial to medical students and individuals researching on cerebral circulation.
Author: Marilyn Cipolla
Publisher: Biota Publishing
ISBN: 1615040137
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 70
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Book Description
This presentation describes structural and functional properties of the cerebral circulation that are unique to the brain, an organ with high metabolic demands, and the need for tight water and ion homeostasis. Autoregulation is pronounced in the brain, with myogenic, metabolic, and neurogenic mechanisms contributing to maintain relatively constant blood flow during both increases and decreases in pressure. In addition, unlike peripheral organs where the majority of vascular resistance resides in small arteries and arterioles, large extracranial and intracranial arteries contribute significantly to vascular resistance in the brain. The prominent role of large arteries in cerebrovascular resistance helps maintain blood flow and protect downstream vessels during changes in perfusion pressure. The cerebral endothelium is also unique in that its barrier properties are in some way more like epithelium than endothelium in the periphery. The cerebral endothelium, known as the blood-brain barrier, has specialized tight junctions that do not allow ions to pass freely and has very low hydraulic conductivity and transcellular transport. This special configuration modifies Starling's forces in the brain such that ions retained in the vascular lumen oppose water movement due to hydrostatic pressure. Tight water regulation is necessary in the brain because it has limited capacity for expansion within the skull. Increased intracranial pressure due to vasogenic edema can cause severe neurologic complications and death. This chapter will review these special features of the cerebral circulation and how they contribute to the physiology of the brain. Table of Contents: Introduction / Anatomy and Ultrastructure / Perivascular Innervation / Regulation of Cerebrovascular Tone / Control of Cerebral Blood Flow / Barriers of the CNS / Summary / References
Author: mainz International symposium on the clinical applications of isotope clearance measurement of cerebral blood flow
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080861601
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 447
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Book Description
Progress in Brain Research is the most acclaimed and accomplished series in neuroscience. The serial is well-established as an extensive documentation of contemporary advances in the field. The volumes contain authoritative reviews and original articles by invited specialists. The rigorous editing of the volumes assures that they will appeal to all laboratory and clinical brain research workers in the various disciplines: neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, neuropharmacology, neuroendocrinology, neuropathology, basic neurology, biological psychiatry and the behavioral sciences.
Author: Stephen Payne
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319317849
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 139
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Book Description
This Brief provides a comprehensive introduction to the control of blood flow in the brain. Beginning with the basic physiology of autoregulation, the author goes on to discuss measurement techniques, mathematical models, methods of analysis, and relevant clinical conditions, all within this single volume. The author draws together this disparate field, and lays the groundwork for future research directions. The text gives an up-to-date review of the state of the art in cerebral autoregulation, which is particularly relevant as cerebral autoregulation moves from the laboratory to the bedside. Cerebral Autoregulation will be useful to researchers in the physical sciences such as mathematical biology, medical physics, and biomedical engineering whose work is concerned with the brain. Researchers in the medical sciences and clinicians dealing with the brain and blood flow, as well as industry professionals developing techniques such as ultrasound, MRI, and CT will also find this Brief of interest.
Author: Mario Brock
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642858600
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 309
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Book Description
This book is a survey of some aspects of current knowledge on regional Cerebral Blood Flow (rCBF), mainly as studied by the isotope clearance method. Although both theoretical and methodological problems are discussed, attention is mainly dedicated to data obtained from clinical studies. The papers which make up this book were presented at the International Symposium on the Clinical Applications of Isotope Clearance Measurement of Cerebral Blood Flow, held in Mainz, Western Germany, on April 10-12, 1969. The previous meetings on Cerebral Blood Flow, held in Lund in 1964* and in Lund and Copenhagen 1968**, had shown that the moment had come to concentrate on the possibilities of introducing rCBF measurements into clinical routine. This is why in the Mainz Symposium attention was initially focused on methodological aspects. This is also why theoretical problems of physiology of CBF were not emphasized. Finally, this explains why such topics as cerebrovascular disease, head trauma, coma, carotid surgery, brain tumors and intracranial pressure were given pride of place. However a survey of the clinical aspects of rCBF measurements would not be complete without an account of the application of such measurements to monitor cerebral circulatory changes during anesthesia and therapeutic procedures like, for instance, hyperventilation and hyperbaric treatment. Furthermore, it is now possible to obtain data from correlative rCBF studies per formed before, during and after surgical operations on the human brain.
