Author: Rodolfo Llinas
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461228409
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 354
Book Description
This book is organized into three parts that correspond with the main groups of chapters delivered during the Cajal Centenary Meeting on The Neutron Doctrine. These chapters represent important aspects of the morphology, development, and function of the cerebellum and related structures. Clearly an exhaustive analysis of all aspects of the cerebellar system, as they relate to the legacy of Ramon y Cajal, would be impossible to contain in just one volume, given its far-reaching impact. Instead, we deliberately steered away from the traditional handbook approach that some of us have taken in the past and selected those aspects of cerebellar research currently under vigorous study that would also represent the widest scope of interest for neuroscientists in general and for cerebellar specialists in particular. In particular, we felt that as the discrete anatomy of the cerebellum is quite well known, only certain aspects of the structure should be discussed here. For example, the organization of the pontocerebellar pathways, we felt, would be particularly interesting given the enormity of the system in higher vertebrates. Also of interest is the distribution and development of the synaptology and neurotransmitter properties in this cortex. Indeed, from the point of view of cerebellar development, this may represent one of the clearest paradigms in the understanding of rules for neurogenesis for the central nervous system.
The Cerebellum Revisited
Author: Rodolfo Llinas
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461228409
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 354
Book Description
This book is organized into three parts that correspond with the main groups of chapters delivered during the Cajal Centenary Meeting on The Neutron Doctrine. These chapters represent important aspects of the morphology, development, and function of the cerebellum and related structures. Clearly an exhaustive analysis of all aspects of the cerebellar system, as they relate to the legacy of Ramon y Cajal, would be impossible to contain in just one volume, given its far-reaching impact. Instead, we deliberately steered away from the traditional handbook approach that some of us have taken in the past and selected those aspects of cerebellar research currently under vigorous study that would also represent the widest scope of interest for neuroscientists in general and for cerebellar specialists in particular. In particular, we felt that as the discrete anatomy of the cerebellum is quite well known, only certain aspects of the structure should be discussed here. For example, the organization of the pontocerebellar pathways, we felt, would be particularly interesting given the enormity of the system in higher vertebrates. Also of interest is the distribution and development of the synaptology and neurotransmitter properties in this cortex. Indeed, from the point of view of cerebellar development, this may represent one of the clearest paradigms in the understanding of rules for neurogenesis for the central nervous system.
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461228409
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 354
Book Description
This book is organized into three parts that correspond with the main groups of chapters delivered during the Cajal Centenary Meeting on The Neutron Doctrine. These chapters represent important aspects of the morphology, development, and function of the cerebellum and related structures. Clearly an exhaustive analysis of all aspects of the cerebellar system, as they relate to the legacy of Ramon y Cajal, would be impossible to contain in just one volume, given its far-reaching impact. Instead, we deliberately steered away from the traditional handbook approach that some of us have taken in the past and selected those aspects of cerebellar research currently under vigorous study that would also represent the widest scope of interest for neuroscientists in general and for cerebellar specialists in particular. In particular, we felt that as the discrete anatomy of the cerebellum is quite well known, only certain aspects of the structure should be discussed here. For example, the organization of the pontocerebellar pathways, we felt, would be particularly interesting given the enormity of the system in higher vertebrates. Also of interest is the distribution and development of the synaptology and neurotransmitter properties in this cortex. Indeed, from the point of view of cerebellar development, this may represent one of the clearest paradigms in the understanding of rules for neurogenesis for the central nervous system.
The Cerebellum and Its Disorders
Author: Mario Manto
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521771566
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 620
Book Description
The first comprehensive text on the cerebellum and its disorders for many years.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521771566
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 620
Book Description
The first comprehensive text on the cerebellum and its disorders for many years.
Translational Medicine
Author: Robert A. Meyers
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 352768719X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1100
Book Description
This reference work gives a compete overview of the different stages of drug development using a translational approach. The book is structured in different parts, following the different stages in drug development. Almost half of the work is dedicated to core of drug discovery using a translational approach, the identification of appropriate targets and screening methods for the identification of compounds interacting with these targets. The rest of book covers the whole downstream pipeline after the identification of lead compounds, such as bioavailability issues, identification of appropriate drug delivery venues, production and scaling issues and preclinical trials. As has been the case with other works in the encyclopedia, the book is made up of long, comprehensive and authoritative chapters, written by outstanding researchers in the field.
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 352768719X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1100
Book Description
This reference work gives a compete overview of the different stages of drug development using a translational approach. The book is structured in different parts, following the different stages in drug development. Almost half of the work is dedicated to core of drug discovery using a translational approach, the identification of appropriate targets and screening methods for the identification of compounds interacting with these targets. The rest of book covers the whole downstream pipeline after the identification of lead compounds, such as bioavailability issues, identification of appropriate drug delivery venues, production and scaling issues and preclinical trials. As has been the case with other works in the encyclopedia, the book is made up of long, comprehensive and authoritative chapters, written by outstanding researchers in the field.
Neurobiology
Author: Franco Conti
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461558999
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 390
Book Description
Understanding how the brain works is undoubtedly the greatest challenge for human intelligence and one of the most ambitious goals of contemporary science. We are certainly far from this goal, but significant advancements in several fields of Neuroscience and Neurobiology are being obtained at an increasing pace. The NATO ASI School in Neurobiology, held in Erice May 2-12,1995, as the 23rd Course of the International School of Biophysics, provided an update on three basic topics: Biophysics and Molecular Biology ofIon Channels, Sensory Transduction, and Higher Order Functions. Current knowledge on these subjects was covered by formal lectures and critical discussions between lecturers and participants. This book collects original contributions from those scientists who attended the School. Many students presented their results in poster sessions, steering lively informal discussions. A selection of these contributions is also included. A major portion of the program of the School was devoted to a general overview of current trends of thought and experimental approaches in neurobiology, emphasising the importance of understanding molecular aspects of the elementary events underlying sensory transduction and processing in the nervous system, without indulging however in a pure reductionistic view of such complex phenomena. Recent studies of molecular biology and the electrophysiology of heterologously expressed ionic channels, have shed new light on the molecular mechanisms underlying ionic permeation of excitable membranes and its regulation by physical and chemical parameters.
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461558999
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 390
Book Description
Understanding how the brain works is undoubtedly the greatest challenge for human intelligence and one of the most ambitious goals of contemporary science. We are certainly far from this goal, but significant advancements in several fields of Neuroscience and Neurobiology are being obtained at an increasing pace. The NATO ASI School in Neurobiology, held in Erice May 2-12,1995, as the 23rd Course of the International School of Biophysics, provided an update on three basic topics: Biophysics and Molecular Biology ofIon Channels, Sensory Transduction, and Higher Order Functions. Current knowledge on these subjects was covered by formal lectures and critical discussions between lecturers and participants. This book collects original contributions from those scientists who attended the School. Many students presented their results in poster sessions, steering lively informal discussions. A selection of these contributions is also included. A major portion of the program of the School was devoted to a general overview of current trends of thought and experimental approaches in neurobiology, emphasising the importance of understanding molecular aspects of the elementary events underlying sensory transduction and processing in the nervous system, without indulging however in a pure reductionistic view of such complex phenomena. Recent studies of molecular biology and the electrophysiology of heterologously expressed ionic channels, have shed new light on the molecular mechanisms underlying ionic permeation of excitable membranes and its regulation by physical and chemical parameters.
Gray's Anatomy E-Book
Author: Susan Standring
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 0702077070
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 2602
Book Description
Susan Standring, MBE, PhD, DSc, FKC, Hon FAS, Hon FRCS Trust Gray’s. Building on over 160 years of anatomical excellence In 1858, Drs Henry Gray and Henry Vandyke Carter created a book for their surgical colleagues that established an enduring standard among anatomical texts. After more than 160 years of continuous publication, Gray’s Anatomy remains the definitive, comprehensive reference on the subject, offering ready access to the information you need to ensure safe, effective practice. This 42nd edition has been meticulously revised and updated throughout, reflecting the very latest understanding of clinical anatomy from the world’s leading clinicians and biomedical scientists. The book’s acclaimed, lavish art programme and clear text has been further enhanced, while major advances in imaging techniques and the new insights they bring are fully captured in state of the art X-ray, CT, MR and ultrasonic images. The accompanying eBook version is richly enhanced with additional content and media, covering all the body regions, cell biology, development and embryogenesis – and now includes two new systems-orientated chapters. This combines to unlock a whole new level of related information and interactivity, in keeping with the spirit of innovation that has characterised Gray’s Anatomy since its inception. Each chapter has been edited by international leaders in their field, ensuring access to the very latest evidence-based information on topics Over 150 new radiology images, offering the very latest X-ray, multiplanar CT and MR perspectives, including state-of-the-art cinematic rendering The downloadable Expert Consult eBook version included with your (print) purchase allows you to easily search all of the text, figures, references and videos from the book on a variety of devices Electronic enhancements include additional text, tables, illustrations, labelled imaging and videos, as well as 21 specially commissioned ‘Commentaries’ on new and emerging topics related to anatomy Now featuring two extensive electronic chapters providing full coverage of the peripheral nervous system and the vascular and lymphatic systems. The result is a more complete, practical and engaging resource than ever before, which will prove invaluable to all clinicians who require an accurate, in-depth knowledge of anatomy.
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 0702077070
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 2602
Book Description
Susan Standring, MBE, PhD, DSc, FKC, Hon FAS, Hon FRCS Trust Gray’s. Building on over 160 years of anatomical excellence In 1858, Drs Henry Gray and Henry Vandyke Carter created a book for their surgical colleagues that established an enduring standard among anatomical texts. After more than 160 years of continuous publication, Gray’s Anatomy remains the definitive, comprehensive reference on the subject, offering ready access to the information you need to ensure safe, effective practice. This 42nd edition has been meticulously revised and updated throughout, reflecting the very latest understanding of clinical anatomy from the world’s leading clinicians and biomedical scientists. The book’s acclaimed, lavish art programme and clear text has been further enhanced, while major advances in imaging techniques and the new insights they bring are fully captured in state of the art X-ray, CT, MR and ultrasonic images. The accompanying eBook version is richly enhanced with additional content and media, covering all the body regions, cell biology, development and embryogenesis – and now includes two new systems-orientated chapters. This combines to unlock a whole new level of related information and interactivity, in keeping with the spirit of innovation that has characterised Gray’s Anatomy since its inception. Each chapter has been edited by international leaders in their field, ensuring access to the very latest evidence-based information on topics Over 150 new radiology images, offering the very latest X-ray, multiplanar CT and MR perspectives, including state-of-the-art cinematic rendering The downloadable Expert Consult eBook version included with your (print) purchase allows you to easily search all of the text, figures, references and videos from the book on a variety of devices Electronic enhancements include additional text, tables, illustrations, labelled imaging and videos, as well as 21 specially commissioned ‘Commentaries’ on new and emerging topics related to anatomy Now featuring two extensive electronic chapters providing full coverage of the peripheral nervous system and the vascular and lymphatic systems. The result is a more complete, practical and engaging resource than ever before, which will prove invaluable to all clinicians who require an accurate, in-depth knowledge of anatomy.
20 Years of Computational Neuroscience
Author: James M Bower
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461414245
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 294
Book Description
When funding agencies and policy organizations consider the role of modeling and simulation in modern biology, the question is often posed, what has been accomplished ? This book will be organized around a symposium on the 20 year history of the CNS meetings, to be held as part of CNS 2010 in San Antonio Texas in July 2010. The book, like the symposium is intended to summarize progress made in Computational Neuroscience over the last 20 years while also considering current challenges in the field. As described in the table of contents, the chapter’s authors have been selected to provide wide coverage of the applications of computational techniques to a broad range of questions and model systems in neuroscience. The proposed book will include several features that establish the history of the field. For each article, its author will select an article originally appearing in a CNS conference proceedings from 15 – 20 years ago. These short (less than 6 page) articles will provide illustrations of the state of the field 20 years ago. The new articles will describe what has been learned about the subject in the following 20 years, and pose specific challenges for the next 20 years. The second historical mechanism will be the reproduction of the first 12 years of posters from the CNS meeting. These posters in and of themselves have become famous in the field (they hang in the halls of the NIH in Bethesda Maryland) and were constructed as allegories for the state and development of computational neuroscience. The posters were designed by the book’s editor, who will, for the first time, provide a written description of each poster.
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461414245
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 294
Book Description
When funding agencies and policy organizations consider the role of modeling and simulation in modern biology, the question is often posed, what has been accomplished ? This book will be organized around a symposium on the 20 year history of the CNS meetings, to be held as part of CNS 2010 in San Antonio Texas in July 2010. The book, like the symposium is intended to summarize progress made in Computational Neuroscience over the last 20 years while also considering current challenges in the field. As described in the table of contents, the chapter’s authors have been selected to provide wide coverage of the applications of computational techniques to a broad range of questions and model systems in neuroscience. The proposed book will include several features that establish the history of the field. For each article, its author will select an article originally appearing in a CNS conference proceedings from 15 – 20 years ago. These short (less than 6 page) articles will provide illustrations of the state of the field 20 years ago. The new articles will describe what has been learned about the subject in the following 20 years, and pose specific challenges for the next 20 years. The second historical mechanism will be the reproduction of the first 12 years of posters from the CNS meeting. These posters in and of themselves have become famous in the field (they hang in the halls of the NIH in Bethesda Maryland) and were constructed as allegories for the state and development of computational neuroscience. The posters were designed by the book’s editor, who will, for the first time, provide a written description of each poster.
Cerebellum as a CNS Hub
Author: Hidehiro Mizusawa
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030758176
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 543
Book Description
Based on the 75th Fujihara Seminar held in December 2018 in Tokyo, Japan, this volume explores the latest research on the cerebellum. Contributors seek to examine the cerebellum's role as a unique hub for brain activity and discover new information about its purpose. The discussion is broad, ranging from evolutionary topics to therapeutic strategy and addresses both physiology and pathology. Subjects covered include anatomy, information processing, complex spikes, plasticity, modeling, and spinocerebellar ataxias. The volume is intended to set the stage for the future of cerebellar research and guide both basic and clinical researchers.
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030758176
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 543
Book Description
Based on the 75th Fujihara Seminar held in December 2018 in Tokyo, Japan, this volume explores the latest research on the cerebellum. Contributors seek to examine the cerebellum's role as a unique hub for brain activity and discover new information about its purpose. The discussion is broad, ranging from evolutionary topics to therapeutic strategy and addresses both physiology and pathology. Subjects covered include anatomy, information processing, complex spikes, plasticity, modeling, and spinocerebellar ataxias. The volume is intended to set the stage for the future of cerebellar research and guide both basic and clinical researchers.
Cerebellar Functions
Author: J. Bloedel
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642699804
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 346
Book Description
Over the past few semesters a group of neurologists, neurophysiologists, and brain theorists in various departments of Tlibingen University have gathered periodically in an effort to review ideas and evidence on cerebel lar functions. At times, general solutions seemed close, when credit was given to various theoretical proposals advanced since the early days of cer ebellar physiology, however, it became clear in every case that a large part of the available facts refused to submit to the general ideas. As believers in the power of scientific discussion, we felt that the time was ripe for posing the problem of the cerebellum once more to a well articulated group of specialists that would include proponents of every disparate point of view. The sponsorship of the Max Planck Society and of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, to whom we express our profound gratitude, made it possible to organize an international meeting in Septem ber, 1983. The aim of making new, even extravagant ideas palatable to each other was well accomplished by the participants. We trust that some of the ensuing excitement has been carried over into the printed version.
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642699804
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 346
Book Description
Over the past few semesters a group of neurologists, neurophysiologists, and brain theorists in various departments of Tlibingen University have gathered periodically in an effort to review ideas and evidence on cerebel lar functions. At times, general solutions seemed close, when credit was given to various theoretical proposals advanced since the early days of cer ebellar physiology, however, it became clear in every case that a large part of the available facts refused to submit to the general ideas. As believers in the power of scientific discussion, we felt that the time was ripe for posing the problem of the cerebellum once more to a well articulated group of specialists that would include proponents of every disparate point of view. The sponsorship of the Max Planck Society and of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, to whom we express our profound gratitude, made it possible to organize an international meeting in Septem ber, 1983. The aim of making new, even extravagant ideas palatable to each other was well accomplished by the participants. We trust that some of the ensuing excitement has been carried over into the printed version.
The Neurobiology of Autism
Author: Margaret L. Bauman
Publisher: JHU Press
ISBN: 9780801880476
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 428
Book Description
In the decade since the first edition of The Neurobiology of Autism was published, research has revealed valuable new information about the nature and origins of autism, including genetics and abnormalities in such neurotransmitters as acetylcholine and serotonin. For this long-anticipated new edition, neurologists Margaret L. Bauman and Thomas L. Kemper bring together leading researchers and clinicians to present the most current scientific knowledge and theories about autism. The contributors cover genetics, imaging studies, physiology, neuroanatomy and neurochemistry, immunology, brain function, the epidemiology of the disease, and related disorders. Thoroughly updated, The Neurobiology of Autism remains the best single-volume work on the wide array of research being conducted into the causes, characteristics, and treatment of autism. Contributors: George M. Anderson, Yale Child Study Center; Tara L. Arndt, University of Rochester Medical Center (URMC); Trang Au, University of Massachusetts Medical School (UMMC); Jocelyne Bachevalier, University of Texas Health Science Center; Irina N. Bespalova, Seaver Autism Research Center, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine (SARC); Gene J. Blatt, Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM); Susan E. Bryson, IWK Health Centre–Dalhousie University; Timothy M. Buie, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH); Joseph D. Buxbaum, SARC; Kathryn M. Carbone, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (JHUSM); Diane C. Chugani, Wayne State University; Daniel F. Connor, UMMC; Edwin H. Cook, Jr., University of Chicago; S. Hossein Fatemi, University of Minnesota Medical School; Susan E. Folstein, Tufts University School of Medicine; Eric Fombonne, McGill University; Randi Jenssen Hagerman, UC Davis Medical Center; Elizabeth Petri Henske, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia; Jeannette J. A. Holden, Queen's University; Ronald J. Killiany, BUSM; Omanand Koul, UMMC; Mandy Lee, Newcastle General Hospital, U.K.; Xudong Liu, Queen's University; Tara L. Moore, BUSM; Mark B. Moss, BUSM; Karin B. Nelson, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke; Phillip G. Nelson, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Elaine Perry, Newcastle General Hospital; Jonathan Pevsner, JHUSM; Mikhail V. Pletnikov, JHUSM; Stephen W. Porges, University of Illinois at Chicago; Lucio Rehbein, Universidad de la Frontera, Chile; Jennifer Reichert, SARC; Patricia M. Rodier, URMC; Beth Rosen-Sheidley, MGH; Susan L. Smalley, UCLA Neuropsychiatric Research Institute; Ronald J. Steingard, UMMC; Helen Tager-Flusberg, BUSM; Gary L. Wenk, University of Arizona; Andrew W. Zimmerman, JHUSM
Publisher: JHU Press
ISBN: 9780801880476
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 428
Book Description
In the decade since the first edition of The Neurobiology of Autism was published, research has revealed valuable new information about the nature and origins of autism, including genetics and abnormalities in such neurotransmitters as acetylcholine and serotonin. For this long-anticipated new edition, neurologists Margaret L. Bauman and Thomas L. Kemper bring together leading researchers and clinicians to present the most current scientific knowledge and theories about autism. The contributors cover genetics, imaging studies, physiology, neuroanatomy and neurochemistry, immunology, brain function, the epidemiology of the disease, and related disorders. Thoroughly updated, The Neurobiology of Autism remains the best single-volume work on the wide array of research being conducted into the causes, characteristics, and treatment of autism. Contributors: George M. Anderson, Yale Child Study Center; Tara L. Arndt, University of Rochester Medical Center (URMC); Trang Au, University of Massachusetts Medical School (UMMC); Jocelyne Bachevalier, University of Texas Health Science Center; Irina N. Bespalova, Seaver Autism Research Center, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine (SARC); Gene J. Blatt, Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM); Susan E. Bryson, IWK Health Centre–Dalhousie University; Timothy M. Buie, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH); Joseph D. Buxbaum, SARC; Kathryn M. Carbone, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (JHUSM); Diane C. Chugani, Wayne State University; Daniel F. Connor, UMMC; Edwin H. Cook, Jr., University of Chicago; S. Hossein Fatemi, University of Minnesota Medical School; Susan E. Folstein, Tufts University School of Medicine; Eric Fombonne, McGill University; Randi Jenssen Hagerman, UC Davis Medical Center; Elizabeth Petri Henske, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia; Jeannette J. A. Holden, Queen's University; Ronald J. Killiany, BUSM; Omanand Koul, UMMC; Mandy Lee, Newcastle General Hospital, U.K.; Xudong Liu, Queen's University; Tara L. Moore, BUSM; Mark B. Moss, BUSM; Karin B. Nelson, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke; Phillip G. Nelson, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Elaine Perry, Newcastle General Hospital; Jonathan Pevsner, JHUSM; Mikhail V. Pletnikov, JHUSM; Stephen W. Porges, University of Illinois at Chicago; Lucio Rehbein, Universidad de la Frontera, Chile; Jennifer Reichert, SARC; Patricia M. Rodier, URMC; Beth Rosen-Sheidley, MGH; Susan L. Smalley, UCLA Neuropsychiatric Research Institute; Ronald J. Steingard, UMMC; Helen Tager-Flusberg, BUSM; Gary L. Wenk, University of Arizona; Andrew W. Zimmerman, JHUSM
A Neuroscientist’s Guide to Classical Conditioning
Author: John W. Moore
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1441985581
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 339
Book Description
Classical conditioning (CC) refers to the general paradigm for scientific studies of learning and memory, as initiated by Pavlov and his followers. Despite the current high level of interest in CC within neuroscience there is presently no single source that provides up-to-date comprehensive coverage of core topics. CC is a very large field. Nevertheless, some organisms and behaviors have dominated the neuroscience scene. Foremost of these are classical eyeblink conditioning (rats, cats, rabbits, and humans) and ear'conditioning. This handbook of CC focuses on these systems. It will be particularly appealing to the growing amount of scientists and medical specialists who employ CC methods.'
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1441985581
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 339
Book Description
Classical conditioning (CC) refers to the general paradigm for scientific studies of learning and memory, as initiated by Pavlov and his followers. Despite the current high level of interest in CC within neuroscience there is presently no single source that provides up-to-date comprehensive coverage of core topics. CC is a very large field. Nevertheless, some organisms and behaviors have dominated the neuroscience scene. Foremost of these are classical eyeblink conditioning (rats, cats, rabbits, and humans) and ear'conditioning. This handbook of CC focuses on these systems. It will be particularly appealing to the growing amount of scientists and medical specialists who employ CC methods.'