The Application of Dual-task Methods to the Investigation of Right-hemisphere Contributions to Language Processing :bwith Special Reference to Lexical-semantics PDF Download
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Author: Mary Seth-Smith
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Brain
Languages : en
Pages : 610
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Author: Mary Seth-Smith
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Brain
Languages : en
Pages : 610
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Author: Christine Chiarello
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642736742
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 151
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Language depends on a normally functioning left hemisphere. This central fact of human cerebral dominance was well established by 19th century aphasiologists and has been repeatedly confirmed by subsequent investiga tions. Predominance, however, does not imply exclusivity. As demonstrated by the commissurotomy patients studied by Eran Zaidel and associates, the right hemisphere is also capable of subserving some linguistic functions. The question, then, is not whether the right hemisphere can process language, but how and when it does so. This volume focuses on the right hemisphere's contribution to one important aspect oflanguage, lexical semantics. Although the right hemisphere may well be involved in other linguistic functions, such as prosody, the greatest evidence for right hemisphere language competence has been obtained for the processing of word meanings. In addition, cognitive psychology and psycho linguistics have provided us with well-developed models of the lexicon and lexical access to guide our inquiry. Finally, there are techniques available for studying lateralized lexical processing in the normal as well as in the brain injured hemispheres. For these reasons, a focus on the lexicon is likely to yield the greatest number of insights about right-hemisphere language processing.
Author: Mark Jung Beeman
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 1134794223
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 407
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The statement, "The Right Hemisphere (RH) processes language"--while not exactly revolutionary--still provokes vigorous debate. It often elicits the argument that anything the RH does with language is not linguistic but "paralinguistic." The resistance to the notion of RH language processing persists despite the fact that even the earliest observers of Left Hemisphere (LH) language specialization posited some role for the RH in language processing, and evidence attesting to various RH language processes has steadily accrued for more than 30 years. In this volume, chapters pertain to a wide, but by no means, exhaustive set of language comprehension processes for which RH contributions have been demonstrated. The sections are organized around these processes, beginning with initial decoding of written or spoken input, proceeding through semantic processing of single words and sentences, up to comprehension of more complex discourse, as well as problem solving. The chapters assembled here should begin to melt this resistance to evidence of RH language processing. This volume's main goal is to compile evidence about RH language function from a scattered literature. The editorial commentaries concluding each section highlight the relevance of these phenomena for psycholinguistic and neuropsychological theory, and discuss similarities and apparent discrepancies in the findings reported in individual chapters. In the final chapter, common themes that emerge from the enterprise of studying RH language and future challenge for the field are reviewed. Although all chapters focus only on "typical" laterality of right handed people, this work provides a representative sample of the current state of the art in RH language research. Important features include: * a wide range of coverage from speech perception and reading through complex discourse comprehension and problem-solving; * research presented from both empirical and theoretical perspectives; and * commentaries and conclusions integrating findings and theories across sub-domains, and speculating on future directions of the field.
Author: Andrea E. Gajardo-Vidal
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Elizabeth Oster Samimi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cerebral hemispheres
Languages : en
Pages : 396
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Author: Stella Royce Arambel Liu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Brain
Languages : en
Pages : 272
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Author: Laura Kemmer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cerebral dominance
Languages : en
Pages : 326
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Syntactic processing is widely held to be a left hemisphere (LH) phenomenon, a view influenced by a large body of research showing lesions to certain LH areas are far more devastating than are lesions to corresponding right hemisphere (RH) areas. Although few studies have examined whether RH damage causes subtle syntactic processing deficits, there is evidence it does. This dissertation investigated the relative contribution of each hemisphere to syntactic processing in neurologically normal individuals using event-related potential (ERP) and behavioral studies in combination with the visual half-field paradigm. Central presentation ERP studies were conducted as a baseline against which to compare the results of the lateralized studies. The first experiment series (chapters two, three) examined processing of (in)correct grammatical number agreement marked either lexically or morphologically. Both behavioral and ERP results suggested the hemispheres are equally able to appreciate lexically marked agreement. In contrast, the RH appears to have greater difficulty than the left in processing morphologically marked agreement. The second experiment series (chapters four, five) investigated whether this LH advantage for morphologically-marked agreement errors reflects a language-specific difference in hemispheric processing or a low level, perceptually-based difference. Stimuli included both morphological and lexical conditions; salience of lexical markings was manipulated to adjudicate between these alternatives. Behavioral results suggested that the observed processing differences were based at the perceptual level. However, the ERP results obtained were not in accord with the predictions and did not lend themselves to any clear conclusions with respect to the hypothesis investigated. The central presentation studies in chapter two also investigate how aging affects syntactic processing. ERPs from elderly compared to young participants showed no evidence of an age-related delayed or diminished P600 effect, although there were changes in its scalp distribution, suggesting a qualitative, rather than any strictly quantitative, age-related change in speed of processing. Chapter four provides data relevant to the debate concerning the mental representation(s) of regular and irregular words, and the mental processes underlying the left anterior negativity component. Overall, we find that the RH is sensitive to certain grammatical manipulations, although not always in the same manner as the LH.
Author: Celia Wild
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 204
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It is widely accepted that the left hemisphere of the brain is specialised and dominant for language comprehension and production and that those with left hemisphere damage often display profound language disruption (Geschwind, 1965). The importance of the left hemisphere is shown by communication problems or extreme difficulty in producing speech following damage to this brain region. In contrast, following right hemisphere damage, disruption to language is less perceptible to the casual observer. The evidence base currently available acknowledges a critical role for the right hemisphere in processing inferred or implied information by maintaining relevant facts and/or suppressing irrelevant ones but the exact role of the right hemisphere and its coordination with the left is open for debate (Johns, Tooley and Traxler, 2008). Two theories have been proposed to explain communication/language difficulties in individuals with right hemisphere damage: (i) the "coarse semantic coding" hypothesis and (ii) the "suppression deficit" hypothesis. The "coarse semantic coding" hypothesis proposes that damage to the right hemisphere causes an over reliance on fine coding assumed to be undertaken by the left hemisphere in the comprehension of language, implying the recall of most literal interpretations. The "suppression deficit" hypothesis proposes that damage in the right hemisphere means multiple activations of meanings of words are not attenuated leading to ineffective suppression of inappropriate interpretations. This project investigated competing evidence for each of these hypotheses by studying the processing abilities of individuals with depressed unilateral brain function caused by stroke or innovatively produced by transcranial DC stimulation (tDCS), on semantic judgement tasks using metaphorical language. The results demonstrated the strongest of evidence for the coarse semantic coding hypothesis when the data from participants with damage to the right hemisphere, both caused by stroke and simulated by tDCS was considered. Overall, the study has furthered the understanding of the role of the right hemisphere in language comprehension and demonstrated the contribution of the tDCS methodology in the field.
Author: Mika Koivisto
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cerebral dominance
Languages : en
Pages : 130
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Author: Amy Ellen Lincoln
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 206
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