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Author: Joe Wisniewski
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401119821
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 677
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Book Description
Towards the Balance and Management of the Carbon Budget of the Biosphere The current state of misunderstanding of the global C cycle and our failure to resolve an issue that has been debated for 100 years (Jones and Henderson-Sellers, 1990) speaks loudly about the limitations of modem science when faced with the complexity of the biosphere. Efforts to understand and balance the global C budget have gone through several phases. First was a holistic view of the C budget as part of efforts to understand the geochemistry of the Earth (e. g. , Clarke, 1908). Next, came a period of data collection and sythesis which focused on the diversity of sectors of the biosphere. This phase culminated in the early 1970's with the realization that humans were greatly impacting the global C cycle as measured at the Mauna Loa Observatory (Keeling et al. , 1973). New syntheses of the global C budget emerged at this time (Woodwell and Pacan, 1973; Bolin et al. , 1979). The next phase was one of controversy and intense focus on particular sectors of the biosphere. The controversy rested on discrepancies about the role of the terrestrial biota in the global C cycle and the failure to account for sufficient C sinks to absorb all the C emitted by land-use change in the tropics (Woodwell et al. , 1978, 1983; Houghton et al. , 1983).
Author: Joe Wisniewski
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401119821
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 677
Get Book Here
Book Description
Towards the Balance and Management of the Carbon Budget of the Biosphere The current state of misunderstanding of the global C cycle and our failure to resolve an issue that has been debated for 100 years (Jones and Henderson-Sellers, 1990) speaks loudly about the limitations of modem science when faced with the complexity of the biosphere. Efforts to understand and balance the global C budget have gone through several phases. First was a holistic view of the C budget as part of efforts to understand the geochemistry of the Earth (e. g. , Clarke, 1908). Next, came a period of data collection and sythesis which focused on the diversity of sectors of the biosphere. This phase culminated in the early 1970's with the realization that humans were greatly impacting the global C cycle as measured at the Mauna Loa Observatory (Keeling et al. , 1973). New syntheses of the global C budget emerged at this time (Woodwell and Pacan, 1973; Bolin et al. , 1979). The next phase was one of controversy and intense focus on particular sectors of the biosphere. The controversy rested on discrepancies about the role of the terrestrial biota in the global C cycle and the failure to account for sufficient C sinks to absorb all the C emitted by land-use change in the tropics (Woodwell et al. , 1978, 1983; Houghton et al. , 1983).
Author: Joe Wisniewski
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Carbon cycle (Biogeochemistry)
Languages : en
Pages : 696
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Book Description
Author: Joe Wisniewski
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Atmospheric carbon dioxide
Languages : en
Pages : 696
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Book Description
Author: Joe Wisniewski
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Atmospheric carbon dioxide
Languages : en
Pages : 696
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Book Description
Author: Bakr Badawy
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN: 9783847307815
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 152
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Book Description
Understanding and quantifying the role of the land biosphere in the global carbon budget is necessary, particularly the response and feedback of carbon fluxes to climatic controls. Atmospheric CO2 measurements have played a key role in assessing source/sink distributions on global scales using atmospheric CO2 inversions (top-down approach). Process-based models (bottom-up approaches) of carbon fluxes are also useful tools for exploring the underlying processes involved in the uptake and release of carbon in the terrestrial biosphere. These methods separately are unlikely to provide enough information to fully understand the underlying processes driving the uptake and release of atmospheric CO2. Therefore, I developed a modeling framework that couples bottom-up and top-down approaches and uses different data constraints (atmospheric CO2 concentrations, satellite-driven data, and climate data) in order to quantify the carbon sources and sinks of the terrestrial biosphere. This allows us to better understand the underlying processes by optimizing some internal key parameters of the biosphere model in order to fit the observed CO2 concentrations.
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309377463
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 176
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Book Description
NASA's Earth Science Division (ESD) conducts a wide range of satellite and suborbital missions to observe Earth's land surface and interior, biosphere, atmosphere, cryosphere, and oceans as part of a program to improve understanding of Earth as an integrated system. Earth observations provide the foundation for critical scientific advances and environmental data products derived from these observations are used in resource management and for an extraordinary range of societal applications including weather forecasts, climate projections, sea level change, water management, disease early warning, agricultural production, and the response to natural disasters. As the complexity of societal infrastructure and its vulnerability to environmental disruption increases, the demands for deeper scientific insights and more actionable information continue to rise. To serve these demands, NASA's ESD is challenged with optimizing the partitioning of its finite resources among measurements intended for exploring new science frontiers, carefully characterizing long-term changes in the Earth system, and supporting ongoing societal applications. This challenge is most acute in the decisions the Division makes between supporting measurement continuity of data streams that are critical components of Earth science research programs and the development of new measurement capabilities. This report seeks to establish a more quantitative understanding of the need for measurement continuity and the consequences of measurement gaps. Continuity of NASA's Earth's Observations presents a framework to assist NASA's ESD in their determinations of when a measurement or dataset should be collected for durations longer than the typical lifetimes of single satellite missions.
Author: Global Terrestrial Observing System (Organization)
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN: 9789251048016
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 112
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Book Description
The term 'terrestrial carbon' refers to carbon contained in vegetation or soil stocks. The global carbon cycle plays an important role in sustaining agricultural productivity, biodiversity and forest ecosystems processes. This report presents the results of a workshop, held in Canada in February 2000 and organised by the Global Terrestrial Observing System (GTOS) in collaboration with the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP). The workshop was designed to review existing data and observation requirements regarding terrestrial carbon, identify major gaps and propose solutions.
Author: Shashi Kant
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402035195
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 368
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Book Description
This work proposes that new economic theory, rather than a new public policy based on old theory, is needed to guide humanity toward sustainability. The book includes the ideas from old as well as new institutional economics, discussed in detail by leading experts in the field. This book follows a companion work, 'Economics, Sustainability, and Natural Resources: Economics of Sustainable Forest Management', volume 1 of the series.
Author: Mark S. Ashton
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400722311
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 411
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Book Description
The aim of this book is to provide an accessible overview for advanced students, resource professionals such as land managers, and policy makers to acquaint themselves with the established science, management practices and policies that facilitate sequestration and allow for the storage of carbon in forests. The book has value to the reader to better understand: a) carbon science and management of forests and wood products; b) the underlying social mechanisms of deforestation; and c) the policy options in order to formulate a cohesive strategy for implementing forest carbon projects and ultimately reducing emissions from forest land use.
Author: Robert K. Dixon
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401142874
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 459
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Book Description
Jose Maria Figueres Olsen Former President Republic of Costa Rica The heated debate about global climate change continues. Some say it is the gravest calamity our species has ever encountered. Others deny its existence altogether. As with most caseS of human decision making, the truth is most likely somewhere in the middle. The challenge of this particular set of decisions is the overwhelming sense of uncertainty. Science cannot fully attribute the climatic catastrophes occurring before our eyes to increasing levels of greenhouse gas concentrations. Neither can Science prove that extreme events and warming trends are unrelated to human behavior. Economic models, sophisticated as they are, cannot agree on the costs of reducing carbon dioxide (C~) emissions in industrialized countries. International negotiations are thus mired in the morass of scientific and economic uncertainty. The are only two elements of certainty in the whole debate. The frrst is the need for precaution. The potential impacts are such, that the risk of inaction is unaffordable to the human race. Under the current state of knowledge, mankind must take cautious but unequivocal steps to reverse current patterns.
