Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Functional Lignins - PDF Download
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Author: Jennifer Dietz
Publisher: Apprimus Wissenschaftsverlag
ISBN: 386359388X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 301
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Book Description
This thesis presents novel pathways for one step or two step modifications of different types of lignin without the need of any catalyst. Such novel functional lignins were characterized in detail and are now ready for their utilization in novel polymeric materials and thus for new applications. Hereby the value of lignin can be increased by offering novel strategies of incorporating lignins as building block into polyurethanes, but also various other polymer matrices are thinkable for future studies.
Author: Jennifer Dietz
Publisher: Apprimus Wissenschaftsverlag
ISBN: 386359388X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 301
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Book Description
This thesis presents novel pathways for one step or two step modifications of different types of lignin without the need of any catalyst. Such novel functional lignins were characterized in detail and are now ready for their utilization in novel polymeric materials and thus for new applications. Hereby the value of lignin can be increased by offering novel strategies of incorporating lignins as building block into polyurethanes, but also various other polymer matrices are thinkable for future studies.
Author: Hui Li
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Copolymers
Languages : en
Pages : 346
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Book Description
Development of bio-based materials, especially from agricultural and forestry industrial byproduct streams, is urgent and necessary under the circumstances of sustainability and the environment. Industrial lignin is an underutilized biopolymer byproduct from both the pulping and cellulosic ethanol biorefinery industries with tremendous availability, showing potential as a substrate for producing biobased polyester materials because of its structure and abundance of hydroxyl functional groups. In this study, lignin based copolymeric elastomers were synthesized by simple one pot two step polycondensation of methanol soluble (MS) fractions of industrial lignins and a series hyperbranched prepolymers (HBP) with different branching and core structures using various multifunctional monomers. Specifically, three industrial lignins (Indulin AT Kraft softwood (IN), Protobind 1000 (PB), and corn stover (CS)) were first subjected to methanol fractionation and then to a detailed chemical and thermal characterization. Fractionation and characterization of three industrial lignins were carried out to provide a hard (or netpoint) segment substrate for the copolymer synthesis. Correlations between chemical and thermal properties were observed in terms of condensation index, hydroxyl group, and molar mass versus the glass transition temperature (Tg̳). A series of lignin-copolymers were prepared using the three different lignins and a HBP composed of triethanolamine (TEA, trifunctional) and adipic acid (AA, difunctional), A2B3) to evaluate the effects of lignin types and lignin contents. Tensile properties were dominated by HBP 45% lignin content while lignin dominated at 45% content. The copolymers Tg̳ increased with lignin content, while lignin type did not play a significant role. Thermally-stimulated dual shape memory effects (Ts̳-SME) of the copolymers were obtained and quantified by cyclic thermomechanical tests. All copolymers had shape fixity rate 95% and shape recovery >90% for all copolymers. The copolymer shape memory transition temperature (Tt̳r̳a̳n̳s̳) increased with lignin content and Tt̳r̳a̳n̳s̳ was 20°C higher than Tg̳. To obtain different HBP structure, a prepolymer was synthesized composing of long alkyl (C12) chain diacid (DDDA), TEA, and tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (THAM, tetrafunctional), B3-A2-CB31). The C12 diacid contributed to a partially crystalline structure, while THAM contributed to more branching as well as forming stiff amide linkages in the prepolymer. Lignin-copolymers were synthesized with these prepolymers and PB lignin. Tensile properties were dominated by HBP 25% lignin content while lignin dominated 25% content. The Tg̳s of copolymers increased with lignin content. The lignin-copolymer with 30% lignin content demonstrated optimal mechanical properties (tensile strength 5.3 MPa, Young's modulus 8.9 MPa, strain at break 301%, and toughness 1.03 GPa). Good Ts̳-SME was obtained and could be tailored by lignin content and activation temperatures ranged between ambient and body temperature. Finally, in order to pursue higher biobased content in the lignin-copolymers, HBP were prepared from AA, Glycerol (Gly, trifunctional), and enhanced by additions of diisopropanolamine (DIPA, trifunctional), or THAM, B2B32-A2, B2B32-DB42- A2, and B2B32-CB13- A2) to form branched to hyper branched structures. The higher branching crosslinkers, DIPA and THAM, were shown to influence the chemical and thermal properties of the prepolymers. The highly biobased lignin-copolymers demonstrated good shape memory and elastic properties. Tt̳r̳a̳n̳s̳ could be tuned by variations of Gly, DIPA and THAM proportions for applications under different temperature circumstances. Different branching and core structures of prepolymers (soft segment) were shown to influence the properties prepolymers and corresponding lignin-copolymers. All the lignin-copolymers were shown to be elastomeric and possess great Ts̳-SME. The results demonstrated that properties of lignin-copolymers could be tuned through lignin type, lignin content, prepolymer structure, and monomer variations. This study demonstrated that lignin, a renewable byproduct, can be promisingly valorized to apply as a netpoint segment in biobased polymer systems with SME behavior. [Letters with double underscore are subscript.]
Author: Swati Sharma
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030406636
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 304
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Book Description
This book presents a comprehensive overview on origin, structure, properties, modification strategies and applications of the biopolymer lignin. It is organized into four themed parts. The first part focuses on the analysis and characterization of the second most abundant biopolymer. The following part is devoted to the biological aspects of lignin such as biosynthesis and degradation. In the third part, chemical modification strategies and the preparation of composites as well as nano- and microparticles are discussed.The final part addresses the industrial application of lignin and its derivatives, as well as lignin materials. The usage for synthesis of biofuels, fine chemicals and in agriculture and food industry is covered. This book is a comprehensive source for researchers, scientists and engineers working in the field of biopolymers as well as renewable materials and sources.
Author: Francisco G. Calvo-Flores
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118682955
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 512
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Book Description
As naturally occurring and abundant sources of non-fossil carbon, lignin and lignans offer exciting possibilities as a source of commercially valuable products, moving away from petrochemical-based feedstocks in favour of renewable raw materials. Lignin can be used directly in fields such as agriculture, livestock, soil rehabilitation, bioremediation and the polymer industry, or it can be chemically modified for the fabrication of specialty and high-value chemicals such as resins, adhesives, fuels and greases. Lignin and Lignans as Renewable Raw Materials presents a multidisciplinary overview of the state-of-the-art and future prospects of lignin and lignans. The book discusses the origin, structure, function and applications of both types of compounds, describing the main resources and values of these products as carbon raw materials. Topics covered include: • Structure and physicochemical properties • Lignin detection methods • Biosynthesis of lignin • Isolation methods • Characterization and modification of lignins • Applications of modified and unmodified lignins • Lignans: structure, chemical and biological properties • Future perspectives This book is a comprehensive resource for researchers, scientists and engineers in academia and industry working on new possibilities for the application of renewable raw materials. For more information on the Wiley Series in Renewable Resources, visit www.wiley.com/go/rrs
Author: Yuhe Liao
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527839852
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 498
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Book Description
Lignin Chemistry A thorough reference guide to Lignin Chemistry, from inherent structure revealing to transformation into chemicals, fuels, and materials Climate change, driven by rising greenhouse gas emissions, is the defining challenge of our time. Reducing our dependence on non-renewable resources such as fossil fuels will require alternative, more sustainable resources. Lignin, the only widely-occurring, renewable, aromatic bio-polymer in Nature, has a range of application potential in the production of chemicals, fuels, and other industrial materials. Lignin science has become one of the fastest-growing and most significant areas of sustainable chemistry in the world. Lignin Chemistry: Characterization, Isolation, and Valorization presents a systematic, multidisciplinary overview of this cutting-edge field and its current state of research. Beginning with a robust characterization of lignin, the book addresses the isolation and transformation of lignin, as well as the book inspires with a plethora of applications. The result is a critical resource for researchers and professionals in any area of academic or industry where renewable biomass, in particular lignin, has importance. Lignin Chemistry readers will find: Thermochemical and catalytic strategies for lignin conversion Detailed discussion of the valorization of lignin towards biopolymers, nanoparticles, carbon fibers and materials, and hydrogels An authorial team with immense and varied research experience Lignin Chemistry is ideal for chemical engineers, catalytic chemists, biochemists, material scientists, and analytical chemists in industry.
Author: Stephen Y. Lin
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642740650
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 595
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Book Description
An up-to-date compilation of the theoretical background and practical procedures involved in lignin characterization. Whenever possible, the procedures are presented in sufficient detail to enable the reader to perform the analysis solely by following the step-by-step description. The advantages and limitations of individual methods are discussed and, more importantly, illustrated by typical analytical data in comparison to results obtained from other methods. This handbook serves the need of researchers and other professionals in academia, the pulp and paper industry as well as allied industries. It is equally useful for those with no previous experience in lignin or lignocellulosics.
Author: Shahid ul-Islam
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119818796
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 555
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Book Description
HANDBOOK of BIOMASS VALORIZATION for INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS The handbook provides a comprehensive view of cutting-edge research on biomass valorization, from advanced fabrication methodologies through useful derived materials, to current and potential application sectors. Industrial sectors, such as food, textiles, petrochemicals and pharmaceuticals, generate massive amounts of waste each year, the disposal of which has become a major issue worldwide. As a result, implementing a circular economy that employs sustainable practices in waste management is critical for any industry. Moreover, fossil fuels, which are the primary sources of fuel in the transportation sector, are also being rapidly depleted at an alarming rate. Therefore, to combat these global issues without increasing our carbon footprint, we must look for renewable resources to produce chemicals and biomaterials. In that context, agricultural waste materials are gaining popularity as cost-effective and abundantly available alternatives to fossil resources for the production of a variety of value-added products, including renewable fuels, fuel components, and fuel additives. Handbook of Biomass Valorization for Industrial Applications investigates current and emerging feedstocks, as well as provides in-depth technical information on advanced catalytic processes and technologies that enable the development of all possible alternative energy sources. The 22 chapters of this book comprehensively cover the valorization of agricultural wastes and their various uses in value-added applications like energy, biofuels, fertilizers, and wastewater treatment. Audience The book is intended for a very broad audience working in the fields of materials sciences, chemical engineering, nanotechnology, energy, environment, chemistry, etc. This book will be an invaluable reference source for the libraries in universities and industrial institutions, government and independent institutes, individual research groups, and scientists working in the field of valorization of biomass.
Author: Fachuang Lu, Ph.d
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781536147698
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 316
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Book Description
Lignin is the main natural resource of aromatic structures on Earth. With the depletion of fossil oil and increased environmental concerns, renewable resources for energy and chemical production have attracted tremendous attention from scientists and engineers. As a renewable aromatic polymer, lignin has been, for a long time, studied in terms of its biosynthesis, structures, reactivities and applications although few portions of lignins available from the industry, mainly pulping mills, have been utilized for various applications. The key for complete and efficient utilization of lignins is that all aspects, including lignin biosynthesis, structures, functionalities, and properties, about lignins should be understood. Another important attribute related to lignin utilization comes from analytical methods essential for our understanding of lignins and mechanisms involved in various processes. This book provides critical reviews and the latest research results relating to selected fields of lignin biosynthesis, functional characterization and applications.
Author: Xian Jun Loh
Publisher: World Scientific Publishing
ISBN: 1786345226
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 231
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Book Description
Lignin is one of the most abundant plant-derived feedstock on earth and qualifies as a renewable material. However, lignin is widely recognized as waste byproduct of the cellulosic ethanol and pulp and paper industry. How to properly modify lignin and develop it into functional polymers is a huge challenge, but an attractive research topic in both industry and academia.This book brings together leading engineering approaches to address the challenges of lignin valorization. It presents the chemistry and properties of different types of lignin, and explores the cutting-edge approaches of lignin modifications. Unlike any existing texts, this book not only summarizes the traditional ways of using lignin, but also presents various potential applications of lignin materials together with advanced processing techniques.The basis of lignin (its chemistry, types and properties) is described, as are different approaches to modify it. The features of lignin and its copolymers are explored and aligned with their potential applications. In addition to the carbon materials from lignin, the advanced fabrication approaches to engineer lignin-based micro/nano-structural materials are summarized.
Author: Sook Fah Yap
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Lignin
Languages : en
Pages : 106
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Book Description
