Swaziland Operational Plan Report Fy 2013 PDF Download
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Author: United States United States Department of State
Publisher: CreateSpace
ISBN: 9781503194175
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 196
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Book Description
Swaziland is a landlocked kingdom at the epicenter of the global HIV/AIDS pandemic, struggling to mitigate the world's highest prevalence rates of HIV and TB. Economically, Swaziland is closely tied to South Africa, from which it receives 90 percent of its imports and a large proportion of its public sector financing through the Southern African Customs Union (SACU). Compounding the economic situation and exacerbating the strains on the health and social systems was a precipitous fall in revenue resulting from two-thirds cut of SACU customs receipts in 2009. More than half of the population is under 20 and nearly half of the youth are at extremely high risk of HIV. The 2010 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) reported that 45.1% of children and youth fit the definition of orphaned or vulnerable. Traditional family structures have all but collapsed, with only 22 percent of children raised in two-parent households. Gender-based inequalities, violence, poverty and income disparities persist in the country and create significant barriers to effective HIV prevention interventions and the up-take of care and treatment services. Economic growth and development have been deeply impacted by the health crisis, which literally threatens the future of the kingdom. The 2010 MICS reported high rates of malnutrition, with 40.9 percent of children experiencing moderate to severe stunting. Furthermore, anecdotal reports show that food insecurity is one of the main reasons that eligible individuals will not initiate treatment; they fear not having food to take with ARVs. The Swaziland HIV Incidence Measurement Survey (SHIMS) published in late 2012, provides the best data available to date on the epidemic. SHIMS identified a national HIV prevalence of 31 percent among adults 18-49 years of age. A reanalysis of the 2007 Demographic Health Survey data determined prevalence of 31 percent in adults 18-49, indicating that the HIV prevalence in Swaziland has stabilized in the last five years. Adult incidence is high at 2.4 percent, with a significantly higher incidence for women of 3.1 per cent (1.7. per cent for men).
Author: United States United States Department of State
Publisher: CreateSpace
ISBN: 9781503194175
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 196
Get Book
Book Description
Swaziland is a landlocked kingdom at the epicenter of the global HIV/AIDS pandemic, struggling to mitigate the world's highest prevalence rates of HIV and TB. Economically, Swaziland is closely tied to South Africa, from which it receives 90 percent of its imports and a large proportion of its public sector financing through the Southern African Customs Union (SACU). Compounding the economic situation and exacerbating the strains on the health and social systems was a precipitous fall in revenue resulting from two-thirds cut of SACU customs receipts in 2009. More than half of the population is under 20 and nearly half of the youth are at extremely high risk of HIV. The 2010 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) reported that 45.1% of children and youth fit the definition of orphaned or vulnerable. Traditional family structures have all but collapsed, with only 22 percent of children raised in two-parent households. Gender-based inequalities, violence, poverty and income disparities persist in the country and create significant barriers to effective HIV prevention interventions and the up-take of care and treatment services. Economic growth and development have been deeply impacted by the health crisis, which literally threatens the future of the kingdom. The 2010 MICS reported high rates of malnutrition, with 40.9 percent of children experiencing moderate to severe stunting. Furthermore, anecdotal reports show that food insecurity is one of the main reasons that eligible individuals will not initiate treatment; they fear not having food to take with ARVs. The Swaziland HIV Incidence Measurement Survey (SHIMS) published in late 2012, provides the best data available to date on the epidemic. SHIMS identified a national HIV prevalence of 31 percent among adults 18-49 years of age. A reanalysis of the 2007 Demographic Health Survey data determined prevalence of 31 percent in adults 18-49, indicating that the HIV prevalence in Swaziland has stabilized in the last five years. Adult incidence is high at 2.4 percent, with a significantly higher incidence for women of 3.1 per cent (1.7. per cent for men).
Author: United States United States Department of State
Publisher: CreateSpace
ISBN: 9781503193147
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 244
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Book Description
The U.S.-Botswana health partnership remains strong and effective. HIV-associated mortality has been reduced by more than half since treatment became available, and the rate of new infections has declined. Botswana's HIV treatment and Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) programs are models for their coverage and quality of services. The rate of mother to child HIV transmission in Botswana has declined to
Author: United States United States Department of State
Publisher: CreateSpace
ISBN: 9781503193161
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 98
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Book Description
In 2011, Secretary Clinton called on the world to join in the fight for an AIDS Free generation and in 2012 the Secretary revealed a PEPFAR (President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief) Blueprint outlining the path to making this a reality. Aligned with the Global Health Initiative (GHI) Strategy, our Partnership Framework (PF) and the Blueprint's policy imperative, Angola's PEPFAR initiatives are based on strategic, scientifically sound investments to scale-up core HIV prevention to maximize impact. Based on a capacity-building, systems strengthening model, PEPFAR Angola is working with partners to effectively mobilize, coordinate and efficiently use resources to save more lives sooner. The focus will be on key populations, on women and girls to increase gender equality, and ending stigma and discrimination against people living with HIV (Cross Cutting-Appendix A). This will be measured by setting benchmarks that are regularly assessed, with the long term goal of country ownership. The Angola PEPFAR Team will continue to build upon successes of our past, maintaining current programs like supporting the Government of Republic of Angola (GRA-INLS, INSP, CNS) decentralization plan with technical assistance in health systems strengthening, implementation of an enhanced Prevention of Mother-To-Child Transmission (PMTCT) services, building GRA human resources by training local surveillance experts to sustain the country's capacity in strategic information, and supporting the military to strengthen its HIV Prevention Program and promote organizational networking with other military partners at the regional level. In addition to continuing programs, in fiscal year 2014, Angola PEPFAR will expand PMTCT and HIV testing and counseling in Luanda province and coordinate HIV initiatives across borders to demonstrate collaboration with our neighbors in unity toward an AIDS Free generation. The United States Government (USG-Appendix C) utilizes a technical assistance approach in areas identified by the Ministry of Health (MoH). Secretary Clinton stated in her remarks at the 2012 International AIDS conference that we should continue to be focused on supporting high-impact interventions, and make tough decisions driven by science. This is the fundamental goal of the Angola PEPFAR program.
Author: United States United States Department of State
Publisher: CreateSpace
ISBN: 9781503194250
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 486
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Book Description
As part of our two year Country Operational Plan (COP), the 2013 plan supports the global priorities set forth in the AIDS-Free Generation (AFG) policy to: provide antiretroviral treatment (ART) for 6 million people; perform 4.7 million voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) procedures; provide antiretroviral (ARV) prophylaxis to 1.5 million HIV-infected pregnant women to prevent mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT); support the Government of Mozambique's (GRM) national "HIV/AIDS Acceleration Plan 2013-2015" (Acceleration Plan) to increase the percentage of eligible adults and children with advanced HIV infection who receive antiretroviral therapy to 80%; increase the percentage of HIV-positive pregnant women who receive ARVs to 90%; and increase the percentage of adult males circumcised in target provinces to 75% by 2015. The Acceleration Plan, developed in collaboration with the PEPFAR Mozambique team, and closely coordinated with the development of the Ministry of Health's Global Fund Round 9 phase II application for HIV/AIDS, prioritizes high-impact interventions and geographic areas, and focuses on a continuum of response by addressing key populations. This year's COP represents result-driven and target-based budget allocations through direct application of PEPFAR Expenditure Analysis and other unit cost data to PEPFAR's contribution to the national targets. Our interventions target priority districts identified in the GRM's Acceleration Plan and ensure strong linkages between counseling and testing, care, treatment, and PMTCT for a robust continuum of response. Our overall budget is carefully aligned to the priorities of an AIDS Free Generation. Prevention activities represent 24% of our overall budget, with 8% allocated to PMTCT for ARV prophylaxis for 61,147 pregnant women, 8% allocated to VMMC to circumcise 224,413 men, 3% reserved for sexual prevention to reach most-at-risk populations (MARPs), 4% dedicated to test and counsel 2.2 million individuals; 33% allocated for antiretroviral (ART) treatment for 380,680 adults and children - including 16% for ARV drugs, 19% dedicated to the care of almost one million HIV infected adults and children - including 10% for orphans and vulnerable children, and 13% budgeted for system strengthening activities to support prevention, care, and treatment goals. HIV commodities, including ARV drugs, represent 23% of the budget. USG management and operations represent 11% of PEPFAR resources.
Author: United States United States Department of State
Publisher: CreateSpace
ISBN: 9781503194113
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 128
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Book Description
The country continues to experience a generalized HIV epidemic with an estimated 1.2 million HIV-infected adults and children in 2011 and approximately 58,000 deaths each year. Social, cultural, and economic factors contributing to HIV transmission include transactional sex, multiple and concurrent partners, alcohol abuse, low awareness of HIV infection status, lack of ART use in undiagnosed individuals, poor treatment adherence, and low levels of male circumcision (MC). While prevalence among youth has dropped significantly, it is worth noting that prevalence among girls was twice that of boys of the same age. HIV is the leading cause of death among adults and accounts for over 27% of all deaths among mothers and infants. Maternal mortality rate nearly tripled between 1994 and 2010. Zimbabwe's TB case rate (603 per 100,000) is one of the highest in the world. The TB epidemic in Zimbabwe is largely HIV driven with a very high TB/HIV co-infection rate (at 80%) with an increasing number of MDR and XDR cases. TB is the second leading cause of adult morbidity and mortality in Zimbabwe. National Response - The National AIDS Council (NAC) and the Ministry of Health and Child Welfare (MOHCW) lead the national HIV/AIDS response and have outlined their goals in Zimbabwe National Strategic Plan (ZNASPII) 2011-2015. While the level of institutional leadership within the MOHCW is high in terms of technical direction and policy setting, the capacity for implementation continues to be limited. For the MOHCW low capacity is largely an outcome of limited national resources for programming, which affects its capacity to deploy and adequately train sufficient experienced health professionals, provide adequate commodities, and provide a high level of monitoring and supervision to ensure high quality service delivery. As such, donor resources have been essential to national prevention, care, treatment, and health systems strengthening (HSS) efforts. The majority of HIV/AIDS-related activities are donor funded. Nevertheless, Zimbabwe has not received the magnitude of donor funding that countries with similar HIV burden have been fortunate to access. Zimbabwe is facing potential critical shortages of key inputs to achieve ambitious goals, particularly in the areas of treatment, prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT), and MC.
Author: United States United States Department of State
Publisher: CreateSpace
ISBN: 9781503194229
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 334
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Book Description
The Federal Republic of Nigeria consists of six geo-political zones that include thirty-six (36) states and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which, in turn, contain seven-hundred and seventy-four (774) local government areas (LGAs). Nigeria occupies an area more than twice the size of the State of California. In both geographic size and population, many states are larger than various African countries. The country has 3.46 million HIV-positive individuals and constitutes the third greatest burden of HIV/AIDS care and treatment worldwide. Adding to this burden are the estimated 2.19million children orphaned by HIV/AIDS.1 Nigeria also has one of the highest tuberculosis (TB) burdens in the world (311/100,000 population2) and the largest TB burden in Africa. Many TB cases go undetected, despite increasing TB detection rates and TB program coverage. This situation results in significant challenges for the HIV/AIDS response due to the high rates of TB/HIV co-infection. Since reporting the first case of AIDS in Nigeria in 1986, the epidemic has become generalized. This illness affects all population groups and spares no geographical area. Generalized prevalence among 15-49 year olds is about 3.6 percent3, but significantly higher rates exist among key populations, including commercial sex workers (30.2-37.4 percent), injecting drug users (5.6 percent), and men who have sex with men (13.5 percent)4. Heterosexual transmission accounts for up to 95 percent of HIV infections. Women account for close to 60 percent of all adults living with HIV.5
Author: United States United States Department of State
Publisher: CreateSpace
ISBN: 9781503194120
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 506
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Book Description
The recent 2012 UNAIDS World AIDS Day Report showed significant improvements in HIV and AIDS-related results globally. In general, new HIV infections declined among children; there were fewer AIDS-related deaths; and there were increased investments in the response to HIV and AIDS. Zambia, like many countries, has recorded significant improvements in all three key areas. According to the report, between 2001 and 2011, Zambia reduced new HIV infections by 58%, while the country also cut AIDS-related deaths by more than 50%. The 2007 Zambia Demographic and Health Survey (2007 ZDHS) measured adult HIV prevalence at 14.3%. With the population currently standing at 13.1 million people with 61% in rural areas and 39% in urban areas, Zambia still has one of the world's most devastating HIV and AIDS epidemics, with more than one in seven adults living with HIV. Infection rates are twice as high in urban as in rural areas, while life expectancy is estimated at 49 years in what is still a generalized epidemic [UNAIDS Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic (2010)]. The HIV epidemic is geographically diverse, with provincial prevalence levels ranging from 6.8% to 20.8%. The Northern and Northwestern provinces have the lowest prevalence, just below 7%. Both provinces are predominantly rural, with low population density and high levels of poverty. In contrast, Lusaka, Central and Copperbelt Provinces are more densely populated, with large urban areas and have prevalence levels of 17% and higher. The most recent UNAIDS Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic (2012 UNAIDS) estimated Zambia's HIV prevalence among 15-49 year olds to have declined to 12.5%. The country is awaiting the results of the newly-started DHS that will enable an update to the most recent HIV and AIDS statistics. The six key drivers of the HIV and AIDS epidemic in Zambia are: 1) high rates of multiple concurrent partnerships; 2) low and inconsistent condom use; 3) low rates of voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC); 4) population mobility; 5) vulnerable groups with high risk behaviors; and 6) mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). In addition, other factors such as gender inequality, disparity, socio-cultural practices, and stigma interact with these drivers to sustain high levels of risk and vulnerability.
Author: United States United States Department of State
Publisher: CreateSpace
ISBN: 9781503193116
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 92
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Book Description
Cameroon is a lower-middle income country with a population of 20 million representing over 275 ethnic groups. Cameroon's epidemiological profile is dominated by communicable diseases such as malaria and HIV (prevalence of 4.3%, DHS 2011); and an increased prevalence in non-communicable diseases, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Maternal mortality is estimated at 782 per 100,000 live births, while the under-five mortality rate is estimated at 122 per 1,000 live births. Funding for health is approximately 5% of the 2013 budget. In 2010, private spending (out of pocket) accounted for 70.4% of total health expenditure (including 94.5% in the form of direct payments); 13.2% of the funding was provided by external resources; while government funds covered 16.4% of total expenditures on health (World Bank Report on Health and Health Systems in Cameroon, 2012). The significant financial burden on households to finance health care consequently affects access to and use of health services in Cameroon.
Author: United States United States Department of State
Publisher: CreateSpace
ISBN: 9781503194205
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 214
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Book Description
Rwanda has made remarkable progress since the tragedy of the 1994 genocide, with growth in real per capita income averaging nearly 5% and accelerating to an average of over 8% in the period 2006-2010 (NISR, Statistical Yearbook 2011). However, Rwanda remains one of the world's poorest countries, and is ranked 166 out of 187 countries on UNDP's Human Development Index 2011. According to the 2011 household survey, 45% of the population lives below the poverty line of $1.30 per day with 24% falling below an extreme poverty threshold of about $0.90 per day (NISR, 2012). Although Rwanda has made significant progress in improving the health status of its population, much work remains. Females have a life expectancy of 53.8 years, while males have a life expectancy of 49.4 years (NISR, 2011). The burden of disease in Rwanda is similar to that of other developing countries. Acute respiratory infections (ARI) accounted for 36% of all illnesses in 2011, followed by intestinal parasites (9%) (Rwanda MOH Annual Health Statistics Booklet, 2011). Cases of malaria have dropped from 8% in 2010 to 3% in 2011 but account for 6% of total deaths in 2011 as compared to 13% in 2010. In 2011, HIV and associated opportunistic infections was the fourth leading cause of hospital mortality with 7% of deaths after premature birth (11%), ARIs (9%) and cardiac diseases (9%).
Author: United States United States Department of State
Publisher: CreateSpace
ISBN: 9781503194151
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 592
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Book Description
In September 2012, the Ministry of Health (MOH) released the results of the Uganda AIDS Indicator Survey (UAIS) 2011, which indicated that Uganda continues to experience a severe HIV epidemic. HIV prevalence in the general population (15 to 59 years old) is estimated to be 7.3% in 2011, compared to 6.4% in 2004-5. HIV prevalence is higher among women (8.3%) than among men (6.1%). Compared to the 2004/5 UAIS survey, the magnitude of change in HIV prevalence varied across regions: Central, Western, Southwestern and Northern regions remain the worst-affected while modest declines in prevalence were recorded in the East-Central and Mid-Eastern regions. Of particular concern is the rise in HIV prevalence among young people aged 15-24 years generally and in all age groups specifically in the West Nile and North-East regions that previously were least affected. UNAIDS projects the number of new annual infections at 150,000 (2011), an increase from 120,000 in 2004. AIDS mortality is estimated at 62,000 deaths in 2011, the lowest estimate in a long decline since 2000, reflecting the significant expansion of ART. The UNAIDS' most recent World AIDS Day Report warned of increasing unprotected sex (both sexes) and multiple partners (women). The estimated number of people infected with HIV has risen to 1.39 million, 55% of whom are female and 14% are children under the age of 15 years. HIV is predominantly heterosexually transmitted, accounting for 75-80% of new infections. However, population subgroups show that the most affected and the risk factors and drivers of HIV infections have evolved in recent years. Studies show an HIV prevalence of 1.2% in university students, 15-40% in fishing communities, 37% among sex workers, 18% in the partners of sex workers, and 13% in the group of men with a history of having sex with men. Strikingly, 35% of new infections occur amongst self-reported monogamous individuals which raises concerns regarding rising multiple concurrent partnerships. The remaining transmissions are largely due to mother-to-child HIV transmission. In response to the 2011 UAIS results, PEPFAR revised its programmatic and technical approaches and targets to better respond to Uganda's escalating epidemic. The 2013 COP is based on scientific evidence, prioritized proven interventions, resources matched effectively across subpopulations, and efforts directed towards sources of new infections to assist the HIV/AIDS epidemic response in Uganda. The 2013 COP is the product of a consultative process that involved the GOU, PEPFAR implementing partners (IP) and bilateral and multilateral donors.
