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Author: Peter Eichhorn
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 168
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Author: Peter Eichhorn
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 168
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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The principal tasks of the present work were 1) to develop and validate sensitive substance-specific methods for the quantitative determination of anionic, non-ionic and amphoteric surfactants and their biochemical degradation intermediates in aqueous environmental samples. These methods were based on advanced hyphenated mass spectrometric techniques. 2) to generate aerobic polar biodegradation products of surfactants in a laboratory-scale fixed-bed bioreactor (FBBR), which was run with a surface water-borne biocoenosis to simulate real environmental conditions. 3) to identify and characterize novel metabolites, generated in 2), by various mass spectrometric methods in order to deduce the surfactant degradation pathway in principle as well as to monitor primary and further biodegradation steps. 4) to gather data on the input and fate of surfactants in the aquatic environment under distinct hydrological and climatic conditions by analyzing the parent compounds and their metabolites in wastewaters and surface waters, in part polluted by untreated waste discharges. 5) to pursue the behavior of persistent surfactant metabolites in waterworks preparing drinking water from surface waters and to determine their residues in tap water. 6) to assess deleterious effects of discovered metabolites employing ecotoxicological bioassays. 7) to compare the results obtained from field studies with those from laboratory experiments in order to confirm the environmental relevance of the latter. The selection of target analytes was made taking into account output and novelty on the surfactant market. The substances comprised the detergent ingredients anionic linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) as the single surfactant with the highest production volume known to yield highly polar metabolites, the two non-ionics alkyl glucamides (AG) and alkyl polyglucosides (APG), as well as the amphoteric surfactant cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB). In addition, the polymeric dye transfer inhibitor poly(vinyl-
Author: Rolando Chamy
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 953511154X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 382
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This book contains a collection of different biodegradation research activities where biological processes take place. The book has two main sections: A) Polymers and Surfactants Biodegradation and B) Biodegradation: Microbial Behaviour.
Author: D.R. Karsa
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401113483
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 269
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Book Description
The awareness and development of 'biodegradable' surfactants pre-dates current pressures by the environmental movement by nearly three decades, wherein a responsible industry mutually agreed to replace 'hard', non-biodegradable com ponents of household detergents by 'soft', biodegradable alternatives, without course to legislation. The only requirement at that time was for surfactants used in detergents to exhibit a 'primary biodegradability' in excess of 80%; this referring to the disap pearance or removal from solution of the intact surface active material as de tected by specified analytical techniques. This proved useful, as observed environmental impacts of surfactants, e.g. visible foam on rivers, are associated with the intact molecule. Test methods for 'primary biodegradability' were eventually enshrined in EU legislation for nonionic surfactants (Directive 821242/EEC, amended 73/404IEEC) and for anionic surfactants (Directive 8212431EEC, amended 73/405IEEC). No approved test methods and resultant legislation have been developed for cationic and amphoteric surfactants to date. The environmental classification of chemical substances, which of course includes surfactants, and associated risk assessment utilises a second criterion 'ready biodegradability'. This may be assessed by a number of methods which monitor oxygen uptake (BOD), carbon dioxide production or removal of dis solved organic carbon (DOC). Some surfactants which comply with the above Detergents Directive are borderline when it comes to 'ready biodegradability'.
Author: Encarnación Jurado
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Technology
Languages : en
Pages :
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Aerobic Biodegradation of Surfactants.
Author: Robert Donald Swisher
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780824769383
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1120
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Author: Francisco G. Calvo-Flores
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527338764
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 528
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Book Description
An excellent, concise, and interdisciplinary overview of different classes of emerging pollutants arising, for example, from pharmaceuticals, pesticides, personal care products, and industrial chemicals and their impact on water, soil, and air. Following an introduction to chemical pollutants, with special attention focused on organic compounds and their properties, the book goes on to describe major emerging pollutants grouped according to their applications in different sectors of industrial or economic activity. For each type of compound, the chemical structure, main properties, and source are presented, along with their fate in the environment as pollutants, the latest analytical methods for detection, possible health or ecology consequences, as well as current regulatory laws. New developments, such as nanotechnology as a pollution source, are also included. The book closes with a chapter devoted to conclusions and future perspectives.
Author: Richard Wisniewski
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: V. A. Shcherbakova
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Robert Donald Swisher
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 524
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