Surface Water Pollution Control by Appropriate Effluent Taxation PDF Download
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Environmental impact charges
Languages : en
Pages : 456
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Environmental impact charges
Languages : en
Pages : 456
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Book Description
Author: Mikael Skou Andersen
Publisher: Manchester University Press
ISBN: 9780719042324
Category : Environmental policy
Languages : en
Pages : 276
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Book Description
Fiscal measures are being used increasingly by governments to secure environmental policy objectives. Through a comparative study of the water policies of Denmark, France, Germany and the Netherlands, Andersen shows how "green taxes", as opposed to administrative regulation, have worked.
Author: Texas
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Water
Languages : en
Pages : 548
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Author: Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD)
Publisher: IWA Publishing
ISBN: 1780408781
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 122
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Book Description
After decades of regulation and investment to reduce point source water pollution, OECD countries still face water quality challenges (e.g. eutrophication) from diffuse agricultural and urban sources of pollution, that is disperse pollution from surface runoff, soil filtration and atmospheric deposition. The relative lack of progress reflects the complexities of controlling multiple pollutants from multiple sources, their high spatial and temporal variability, associated transactions costs, and limited political acceptability of regulatory measures. This report outlines the water quality challenges facing OECD countries today, presents a range of policy instruments and innovative case studies of diffuse pollution control, and concludes with an integrated policy framework to tackle diffuse water pollution. An optimal approach will likely entail a mix of policy interventions reflecting the basic OECD principles of water quality management – pollution prevention, treatment at source, the polluter pays and beneficiary pays principles, equity, and policy coherence.
Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
ISBN: 9264269061
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 122
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Book Description
After decades of regulation and investment to reduce point source water pollution, OECD countries still face water quality challenges (e.g. eutrophication) from diffuse agricultural and urban sources of pollution, that is disperse pollution from surface runoff, soil filtration....
Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on Public Works. Subcommittee on Investigations and Review
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Environmental policy
Languages : en
Pages : 822
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Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309069483
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 422
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Book Description
Environmental problems in coastal ecosystems can sometimes be attributed to excess nutrients flowing from upstream watersheds into estuarine settings. This nutrient over-enrichment can result in toxic algal blooms, shellfish poisoning, coral reef destruction, and other harmful outcomes. All U.S. coasts show signs of nutrient over-enrichment, and scientists predict worsening problems in the years ahead. Clean Coastal Waters explains technical aspects of nutrient over-enrichment and proposes both immediate local action by coastal managers and a longer-term national strategy incorporating policy design, classification of affected sites, law and regulation, coordination, and communication. Highlighting the Gulf of Mexico's "Dead Zone," the Pfiesteria outbreak in a tributary of Chesapeake Bay, and other cases, the book explains how nutrients work in the environment, why nitrogen is important, how enrichment turns into over-enrichment, and why some environments are especially susceptible. Economic as well as ecological impacts are examined. In addressing abatement strategies, the committee discusses the importance of monitoring sites, developing useful models of over-enrichment, and setting water quality goals. The book also reviews voluntary programs, mandatory controls, tax incentives, and other policy options for reducing the flow of nutrients from agricultural operations and other sources.
Author: Andrew Kwai Sing Tom
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Factory and trade waste
Languages : en
Pages : 154
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Book Description
"The purpose of this paper is to discuss why an effluent tax scheme may represent the most viable pollution control mechanism. It will specifically limit its focus on water pollution control and non-municipal waste discharges, although the discussion should be general enough to have application for some aspects of municipal discharges. The report is divided into two sections. The first half will discuss the theory of externalities, and how the existing system of standards fails to provide the best solution to the problem. There will then be discussion of the alternatives, and an explanation of why of all those available, the effluent tax scheme seems to be the most viable. The second half will discuss the reasons why an effluent tax approach could be advantageous to industry. It will concentrate on the concepts of risk aversion, social responsibility, and the inclusive subject of strategic planning to support this position. The purpose of this paper is not to develop a model effluent tax regulation, nor is it meant to provide the definitive rationale as to why a specific effluent tax scheme is appropriate for all industrial dischargers. It is meant instead to provide discussion of the advantages of such an approach and finally to discuss some of the circumstances that could provide business with the incentive to cooperate with government to produce a non-adversary, more efficient environmental program. It must be understood that there are problems inherent in the imposition of any type of system for environmental protection. The effluent tax scheme is supported primarily as the least harmful of all the alternatives and at least better than the existing regulatory approach. The position of this paper is that a level of taxation for pollution can be found which will provide financial incentive for business to support such an approach and which will provide a more equitable, more efficient way of achieving our national environmental goals. An effluent tax approach can provide a more flexible means of achieving optimal levels of conservation and recycling, greater awareness of the interrelationship between environmental factors and can become the cornerstone for an integrated approach utilizing a wide range of methods to attain desired goals. As an aside, let me state that this paper will not deal with discharges of hazardous or toxic wastes, which can be of great detriment to human and environmental welfare. (6) These substances are best prohibited from discharge into receiving waters, and an effluent tax scheme is supplemented by direct regulatory prohibition of toxic discharges, in such cases"--Document.
Author: United States. Federal Water Pollution Control Administration
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Water
Languages : en
Pages : 24
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Author: United States. Environmental Protection Agency
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Pollution
Languages : en
Pages : 144
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Book Description
