Summary of Harbor Porpoise (Phocoena Phocoena) Bycatch and Levels of Compliance in the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic Gillnet Fisheries After the Implementation of the Take Reduction Plan, 1 January 1999-31 May 2007 PDF Download
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Author: Debra L. Palka
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bycatches (Fisheries)
Languages : en
Pages : 90
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Book Description
Author: Debra L. Palka
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bycatches (Fisheries)
Languages : en
Pages : 90
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Book Description
Author: Kristy Wallmo
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889199908
Category : Electronic books
Languages : en
Pages : 135
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Book Description
Protected marine species have populations that are depleted, decreasing, or are at-risk of extinction or local extirpation. As of 2015 The International Union for the Conservation of Nature, a global environmental organization, lists approximately 737 marine species worldwide that are considered at risk of extinction. Many are provided legal protection through national laws requiring research and management measures aimed at recovering and maintaining the species at a sustainable population level. Integral to the policy decision process involving the management and recovery of marine species is the consideration of trade-offs between the economic and ecological costs and benefits of protection. This suggests that economics, at its core the study of trade-offs, has a significant role. In the U.S. a somewhat traditional use of economics in protected species research and management has involved cost minimization or cost-effectiveness analyses to help select or prioritize conservation actions. Economic research has also provided estimates of public non-market benefits of recovering species, which can be used in larger management frameworks such as ecosystem based management and coastal and marine spatial planning. Inherent in much of this research, however, are complex biological and ecological relationships in which varying degrees of scientific uncertainty are present. Addressing this type of uncertainty can affect the economic outcomes related to protected species. For example, recent work suggests that increasing scientific precision in biological sampling and models can greatly affect the magnitude of economic benefits to commercial fisheries, while other research suggests that public non-market benefits of species recovery are sensitive to uncertainty about baseline population estimates. Previous research has illustrated the importance of understanding the biological, ecological, and economic aspects of protected species management and recovery. In this research topic we synthesize current protected marine species economic research and expand the discussion on present and future challenges related to protected species economics. The series of manuscripts brings together an array of prominent researchers and advances our understanding of the ecological and economic aspects of managing and recovering protected marine species.
Author: Debra L. Palka
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bycatches (Fisheries)
Languages : en
Pages : 24
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Book Description
"This document provides additional analyses and documentation about some elements of the proposed revised Harbor Porpoise Take Reduction Plan (HPTRP). To improve compliance with the HPTRP, and to reduce and maintain harbor porpoise bycatch below the Potential Biological Removal (PBR) level, the Harbor Porpoise Take Reduction Team (HPTRT) proposed that a Consequence Closure Area be invoked if the observed 2-year average bycatch rate in an area exceeds the bycatch rate of pinger-compliant hauls observed between 1 January 1999 and 31 May 2007. Two Consequence Closures Areas were proposed. This document presents the compliant bycatch rates, evaluates the effect on total bycatch when compliant bycatch rates are realized, defines how the 2-year average bycatch rate is to be calculated, and investigates the effect of an elevated bycatch rate in one year on the 2-year bycatch rate average"--Publication's home page.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Endangered species
Languages : en
Pages : 11
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Book Description
"This supplemental Environmental Assessment (EA) updates the previously approved Final EA (September 24, 2009; attached) that analyzed the environmental effects of implementing modifications to the Harbor Porpoise Take Reduction Plan (HPTRP) to reduce the serious injury and mortality of the Gulf of Maine/Bay of Fundy stock of harbor porpoises due to interactions with commercial gillnet fisheries in the New England and Mid-Atlantic regions"--Page 2.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bycatches (Fisheries)
Languages : en
Pages : 196
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Book Description
Author: Christopher Orphanides
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bycatches (Fisheries)
Languages : en
Pages : 23
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Book Description
"Harbor Porpoise Take Reduction Plan (HPTRP) compliance and bycatch rate analyses are updated for US Northwestern Atlantic gillnet fisheries using data from June 2008 through May 2009 (the 2008-2009 fishing year). The observed overall compliance rate with the 1998 HPTRP regulations, which were in place during the 2008-2009 fishing season, was 53.2%. Dividing the fisheries by region, the New England gillnet fishery had a compliance rate of 51.9%, and the Mid-Atlantic gillnet fishery had a compliance rate of 56.3%. Bycatch rates from the 2008-2009 fishing season were also examined relative to the 1998 and 2010 HPTRPs, even though the 2010 HPTRP amendments were not yet in place. Observed bycatch rates were much higher in the new management areas (MAs) implemented through the 2010 HPTRP amendments (which were not in place during the 2008-2009 fishing season) as compared to the observed bycatch rate in the 1998 HPTRP MAs. In the New England fishery, the observed bycatch rate in 2010 HPTRP MAs that are not included in the 1998 HPTRP (0.171 harbor porpoise/mtons landed) was over seven times the observed rate in the 1998 HPTRP MAs (0.023 harbor porpoises/mtons landed). Correspondingly, 59.5% (22 of 37) of the observed takes in the 2008-2009 fishing season occurred in the times and areas which will be managed under the 2010 HPTRP but are not managed under the 1998 HPTRP. Bycatch rates in the 2010 HPTRP areas associated with Consequence Closure Areas (CCAs) were well above future target rates that would trigger seasonal closures. The bycatch rate (0.101 harbor porpoise/mtons landed) in the 1998 and 2010 HPTRP MAs in nets that did not have the required number of pingers, was almost three times higher than the bycatch rate (0.035 harbor porpoise/mtons landed) from pingered nets in the same times and areas. This indicates that pingers still appear to reduce bycatch of harbor porpoises, although it is not possible to currently determine how many of the pingers were actually functional. Hypothetically, if the 2010 HPTRP amendments had been in place during the 2008-2009 fishing season and there was full compliance with the 2010 HPTRP, then it is predicted that the observed bycatch could have been reduced by 35-46%. Total estimated bycatch for the entire US Northwestern Atlantic gillnet fisheries (as compared to the subset observed by the Northeast Fisheries Observer Program) would likely also decrease by a similar amount"--Abstract.
Author: Christopher Orphanides
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bycatches (Fisheries)
Languages : en
Pages : 21
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Book Description
"Harbor Porpoise Take Reduction Plan (HPTRP) compliance and bycatch rate analyses are updated for US Northwestern Atlantic gillnet fisheries using data from June 2009 through May 2010 (the 2009-2010 fishing season). The observed overall compliance rate with the HPTRP regulations was 46.3%. By region, the New England gillnet fishery had a compliance rate of 43.0%, while the Mid-Atlantic gillnet fishery had a compliance rate of 55.4%. Compliance with pinger regulations was determined solely by the number of pingers observed on a gillnet string; pinger functionality was not considered in the compliance rates because pinger functionality data for the 2009-2010 fishing season was limited to six trips. Bycatch rates from the 2009-2010 fishing season were compared to the regulations of the 1998 and 2010 HPTRP final rules, even though some of the 2010 HPTRP amendments were not implemented until March 22, 2010, and most were implemented after the completion of the 2009-2010 fishing season. All but two of the observed takes in the 2009-2010 fishing season occurred in times and areas that were either managed under the 1998 HPTRP regulations, or managed under the 2010 HPTRP amendments. Bycatch rates in the 2010 HPTRP areas associated with Consequence Closure Areas (CCAs) were well above the target rates that could trigger seasonal closures after the 2011-2012 fishing season. The bycatch rate in the 1998 and 2010 HPTRP Management Areas in nets that did not have the required number of pingers (0.058 harbor porpoise/mton landed) was higher than the bycatch rate from nets with the required number of pingers in the same times and areas (0.049 harbor porpoise/mton landed). However, the relative difference between these two rates has been greater in previous years. Pingers still appeared to reduce bycatch of harbor porpoises, although it was not possible to determine how many of the pingers deployed were actually functional and what the true bycatch rate was when a full set of working pingers was used"--Abstract.
Author: Christopher Orphanides
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bycatches (Fisheries)
Languages : en
Pages : 24
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Book Description
"Harbor Porpoise Take Reduction Plan (HPTRP) compliance and bycatch rate analyses are updated for US Northwestern Atlantic gillnet fisheries data from June 2007 through May 2008. These updates stem from the recent Harbor Porpoise Take Reduction Team (HPTRT) meeting (December 17-19, 2007) and follow-up conference call (January 31, 2008). Updates are also provided for pinger tester development and HPTRP enforcement for the period from January of 2008 through July 2009. The observed compliance rate with HPTRP regulations for the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic gillnet fisheries was 62.2%. Bycatch rates in areas that would trigger closures under the proposed modifications to the HPTRP were significantly higher than the proposed target bycatch rates. The combined bycatch rate in times and areas that would trigger the Gulf of Maine Consequence Closure Area (CCA) was 0.067 harbor porpoise takes per metric ton landed, over twice the proposed target bycatch rate (0.031). Bycatch rates in the proposed Southern New England Management Area (MA) (0.096) were over four times the proposed target rate (0.023). Exceeding these proposed target bycatch rates in two consecutive management seasons would result in closures of the corresponding CCAs. Over 97% of the incidental takes observed occurred in times and areas of existing or proposed management measures, with over 80% occurring in newly proposed times and areas. This suggests that proposed HPTRP modifications are targeted towards appropriate times and in the appropriate areas to reduce bycatch. Bycatch rates in existing MAs, in nets that had the required number of pingers, were about half that of non-pingered nets in the same times and areas. If proposed HPTRP modifications had been in place during the 2007-2008 management season, it is conservatively estimated that observed bycatch could have been reduced by 58% with full compliance. Limited pinger testing showed that 88% of pingers tested were working. Steps are also being taken to improve pinger testers and enforcement efforts"--Abstract.
Author: Marjorie C. Rossman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bycatches (Fisheries)
Languages : en
Pages : 26
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Book Description
Author: Debra L. Palka
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bycatches (Fisheries)
Languages : en
Pages : 12
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Book Description
During the Harbor Porpoise Take Reduction Team meeting in December 2007, questions were raised concerning what the predicted harbor porpoise bycatch would have been in 2005 and 2006 if: (a) the current Harbor Porpoise Take Reduction Plan (HPTRP) was followed (Scenario I); (b) if, in addition, pingers had been used in the entire Northeast gillnet fishery (Scenario II); and (c) if, in addition, the gillnet fishery off of New Jersey, including the Mudhole area, had also used pingers (Scenario III). Using the observed data collected since the implementation of the HPTRP, average bycatch rates of harbor porpoise were estimated for each of these scenarios. Based on these estimated bycatch rates, the average predicted annual harbor porpoise bycatch in 2005 and 2006 under Scenario I (641 animals) would have been slightly above the Potential Biological Removal (PBR) level (610 animals). The average predicted annual bycatch under Scenario II (370 animals) would have been about 61% of PBR, and the predicted bycatch under Scenario III (243 animals) would have been about 40% of PBR. All of the estimates exceed the Zero Mortality Rate Goal (ZMRG) level of 61 animals"--Publication's home page.
