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Author: Harald Behrens
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN: 1501508377
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 592
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Book Description
Volume 73 of Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry represents a compilation of the material presented by the invited speakers at a short course on August 21-23, 2011 called Sulfur in Magmas and Melts and its Importance for Natural and Technical Processes held at the Hotel der Achtermann, in Goslar, Germany following the 2011 Goldschmidt Conference in Prague, Czech Republic. It covers Studies of sulfur in melts - motivations and overview, Analytical methods for sulfur determination in glasses, rocks, minerals and fluid inclusions, Spectroscopic studies on sulfur speciation in synthetic and natural glasses, Diffusion and redox reactions of sulfur in silicate melts, The role of sulfur compounds in coloring and melting kinetics of industrial glass, Experimental studies on sulfur solubility in silicate melts at near-atmospheric pressure and Modeling the solubility of sulfur in magmas: a 50-year old geochemical challenge.
Author: Harald Behrens
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN: 1501508377
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 592
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Book Description
Volume 73 of Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry represents a compilation of the material presented by the invited speakers at a short course on August 21-23, 2011 called Sulfur in Magmas and Melts and its Importance for Natural and Technical Processes held at the Hotel der Achtermann, in Goslar, Germany following the 2011 Goldschmidt Conference in Prague, Czech Republic. It covers Studies of sulfur in melts - motivations and overview, Analytical methods for sulfur determination in glasses, rocks, minerals and fluid inclusions, Spectroscopic studies on sulfur speciation in synthetic and natural glasses, Diffusion and redox reactions of sulfur in silicate melts, The role of sulfur compounds in coloring and melting kinetics of industrial glass, Experimental studies on sulfur solubility in silicate melts at near-atmospheric pressure and Modeling the solubility of sulfur in magmas: a 50-year old geochemical challenge.
Author: Roberto Moretti
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 111947325X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 436
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Book Description
Explores the many facets of redox exchanges that drive magma's behavior and evolution, from the origin of the Earth until today The redox state is one of the master variables behind the Earth's forming processes, which at depth concern magma as the major transport agent. Understanding redox exchanges in magmas is pivotal for reconstructing the history and compositional make-up of our planet, for exploring its mineral resources, and for monitoring and forecasting volcanic activity. Magma Redox Geochemistry describes the multiple facets of redox reactions in the magmatic realm and presents experimental results, theoretical approaches, and unconventional and novel techniques. Volume highlights include: Redox state and oxygen fugacity: so close, so far Redox processes from Earth’s accretion to global geodynamics Redox evolution from the magma source to volcanic emissions Redox characterization of elements and their isotopes The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.
Author: Manfred Schidlowski
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642768849
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 565
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Book Description
This volume is the final outcome of a conference designed to wrap up IOCP Project 157 (" Early Organic Evolution and Mineral and Energy Resources ") after a decade of prolific activity. The picturesque solitude of Maria Laach Abbey in the Eifel Mountains (FRO) provided the appropriate setting for a conclave of some 80 specialists from the various walks of the field who, during the week of Sept. 19 - 23, 1988, strived hard to define the state of the art in the principal segments of this Earth Science frontier. The following pages contain the essence of the conference transactions, giv ing a vivid cross-section of the activities pursued by IOCP Project 157 during its final years. The coverage of topics is not necessarily complete, but rather eclec tic in part. With regard to single papers dealing with modern analogues of ancient processes, the book title might even be considered a grave misnomer. Neverthe less, all contributions relate to the subject in the widest sense, and the reader should be reminded that much of the heterogeneity reflected by the volume de rives from the fact that it is primarily a research report from a highly inter disciplinary field rather than a textbook.
Author: Paola Reyes Luna
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
"Experimental studies on the partitioning of sulfur between hydrous fluids and silicate melts (Ds fl/m) have been performed to better understand sulfur degassing from mafic magmas and its influence on igneous petrogenesis, volcanic eruptions, and the formation of ore deposits. Although sulfur is abundant in mafic magmatic systems, the behavior of sulfur in basaltic magmas is still poorly understood due to experimental problems. A series of experiments were performed with a sample of a natural MORB (with ~800 ppm S) equilibrated with a H2O fluid phase to determine the partition coefficient of S between the fluid and melt. The experiments were conducted in a piston cylinder apparatus at 500 MPa, 1150 and 1050 ̊C, and at log fO2 NNO+1.8 (Nickel-nickel oxide buffer+1.8 log units) to simulate island arc oxygen fugacities. All experiments were done at sulfate and sulfide undersaturated conditions. Experiments were quenched isobarically and analyzed by electron microprobe. Although almost all successful experiments contained quench crystals, we were able to obtain reliable analyses of the quenched melt that were combined with the water concentration in melt modeled following Papale et al. (1999). These values were used to calculate the concentration of S in the fluid by mass balance. The results yield a Ds fl/m of ~3 +/-0.2 at 1150 ̊C and ~8 +/- 0.2 at 1050 ̊C. This Ds fl/m was independent of experimental duration and provides evidence of equilibrium in the experiments. Our results complement those of Lesne et al. (2011) and Zajacz et al. (2013) for basalts at 200 MPa. Although we have evidence that Ds fl/m decreases with increasing pressure, our results show that Ds fl/m strongly depends on the alkalinity of the mafic melt and it is more sensitive to oxygen fugacity changes rather than changes in temperature and pressure. At crustal pressures the Ds fl/m is high, ~80 (Lesne et al., 2011; Zajacz et al., 2013), at low fO2's between NNO-0.8 to NNO+1, whereas Ds fl/m decreases at oxygen fugacities above NNO+1 to values between 2 (this study at 500 MPa) and 6 at NNO+2.4 (at 200 MPa Lesne et al., 2011). We propose a model to predict the partitioning of sulfur between aqueous fluids and mafic melts based on our study and the results of Zajacz et al. (2013) and Lesne et al. (2011) using the parameters pressure, temperature, melt composition and oxygen fugacity. We obtained the coefficients through curve fitting, which allowed us to find the best fit for the experimental data. The model is calibrated to work for alkali rich and alkali poor basaltic melts at pressures from 100 to 500 MPa, temperatures from 1030 to 1150 ̊C, water saturated conditions or fluids with XH2O>0.5 and oxygen fugacities ranging from -0.8 to +2.4 [DELTA]NNO. Our model reproduces the measured sulfur partitioning of the dataset to within a relative error 20%." --
Author: Michael R. Carroll
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN: 1501509675
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 536
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Book Description
Volume 30 of Reviews in Mineralogy introduces in understanding the behavior of magmatic volatiles and their influence on a wide variety of geological phenomena; in doing this it also becomes apparent that there remain many questions outstanding. The range of topics we have tried to cover is broad, going from atomisticscale aspects of volatile solubility mechanisms and attendant effects on melt physical properties, to the chemistry of volcanic gases and the concentrations of volatiles in magmas, to the global geochemical cycles of volatiles. The reader should quickly see that much progress has been made since Bowen voiced his concerns about Maxwell demons, but like much scientific progress, answers to old questions have prompted even greater numbers of new questions. The Voltiles in Magmas course was organized and transpired at the Napa Valley Sheraton Hotel in California, December 2-4, 1994, just prior to the Fall Meetings of the American Geophysical Union in San Francisco.
Author: John Eichelberger
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118672003
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 924
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Book Description
Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 172 .The Kamchatka Peninsula and contiguous North Pacific Rim is among the most active regions in the world. Kamchatka itself contains 29 active volcanoes, 4 now in a state of semi-continuous eruption, and I has experienced 14 magnitude 7 or greater earthquakes since accurate recording began in 1962. At its heart is the uniquely acute subduction cusp where the Kamchatka and Aleutian Arcs and Emperor Seamount Chain meet. Volcanism and Subduction covers coupled magmatism and tectonics in this spectacular region, where the torn North Pacific slab dives into hot mantle. Senior Russian and American authors grapple with the dynamics of the cusp with perspectives from the west and east of it, respectively, while careful tephrostratigraphy yields a remarkably precise record of behavior of storied volcanoes such as Kliuchevskoi and Shiveluch. Towards the south, Japanese researchers elucidate subduction earthquake processes with unprecedented geodetic resolution. Looking eastward, new insights on caldera formation, monitoring, and magma ascent are presented for the Aleutians. This is one of the first books of its kind printed in the English language. Students and scientists beginning research in the region will find in this book a useful context and introduction to the region's scientific leaders. Others who wish to apply lessons learned in the North Pacific to their areas of interest will find the volume a valuable reference.
Author: R.C. Newton
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461258715
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 312
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Book Description
Today large numbers of geoscientists apply thermodynamic theory to solu tions of a variety of problems in earth and planetary sciences. For most problems in chemistry, the application of thermodynamics is direct and rewarding. Geoscientists, however, deal with complex inorganic and organic substances. The complexities in the nature of mineralogical substances arise due to their involved crystal structure and multicomponental character. As a result, thermochemical solutions of many geological-planetological problems should be attempted only with a clear understanding of the crystal-chemical and thermochemical character of each mineral. The subject of physical geochemistry deals with the elucidation and application of physico-chemical principles to geosciences. Thermodynamics of mineral phases and crystalline solutions form an integral part of it. Developments in mineralogic thermody namics in recent years have been very encouraging, but do not easily reach many geoscientists interested mainly in applications. This series is to provide geoscientists and planetary scientists with current information on the develop ments in thermodynamics of mineral systems, and also provide the active researcher in this rapidly developing field with a forum through which he can popularize the important conclusions of his work. In the first several volumes, we plan to publish original contributions (with an abundant supply of back ground material for the uninitiated reader) and thoughtful reviews from a number of researchers on mineralogic thermodynamics, on the application of thermochemistry to planetary phase equilibria (including meteorites), and on kinetics of geochemical reactions.
Author: Kyle Charles Rebryna
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 178
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Book Description
The location and distribution of metal sources for felsic-magma related ore deposits in continental and island arcs (porphyry Cu-Au-Mo, epithermal Au-Ag, and skarn) is contentious. Crustal and mantle sources may both contribute to the metal budgets of these types of deposits, with a chemical signature that is set early. Mixing between mantle-sourced magmas and crustal partial melts in Mixing, Assimilation, Storage, and Homogenisation (MASH) zones, at or near the base of the Earth's crust, is a possible mechanism to generate fertile magmas for ore development. Magma mixing of this sort may have an important role in sulfur solubility and thus sulfide mineral stability. Sulfide minerals partition Cu, Au, Ag, Mo, platinum group elements, and other chalcophile metals, which are key components in felsic magma-related ore deposits. This study investigates the role of magma mixing in the production of sulfide melts in the lower crust and the role that these sulfide melts have in ore generation in the upper crust. Geochemical data from samples collected in the lower crustal Opirarukaomappu Gabbroic Complex (OGC), southeastern Hokkaido, Japan suggest that sulfide occurrences are associated with magma compositions produced by mixing ~80% gabbro with ~20% tonalite. High temperature, high pressure piston cylinder experiments are used to simulate this mixing and the consequent saturation and exsolution of sulfide melt. A new, redox-controlled, model for sulfide saturation, called the "sulfur fence", describes a sudden reduction in sulfur solubility caused by the mixing of oxidised, sulfate-rich magmas with magmas containing a strongly reducing component (i.e. graphite). In this model, reduction from sulfate-stable to sulfide-stable decreases sulfur solubility by an order of magnitude (from ~1 wt. % to ~0.1 wt. %). Resulting large scale sulfur oversaturation may allow the generation of pervasive and voluminous sulfide melts in mixing magmas. The greater density of sulfide melts causes them to settle through lower density silicate magmas. Small globules (
Author: Christoph A. Heinrich
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 88
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Book Description
Author: Anthony J. Naldrett
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3662084449
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 744
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Book Description
This book is written by a leading authority on the subject of magmatic sulfide deposits. An overview of deposit types, accompanied by a summary of the resources of nickel, copper and platinum-group elements in the world’s principal known deposits, is followed by a summary of the relevant physical chemistry. The core of the book comprises a discussion about the geology and geochemistry of each of the deposit types in turn, accompanied by the implications of this data to the origin of the deposits in the light of our understanding of the chemical processes involved. A final chapter focuses on the use of the genetic concepts in exploration.
