Studies in Ion Solvation in Mixed Solvents PDF Download
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Author:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Using the appropriate chemical cells, the free energies to transfer of the pairs of ions H(+)Br ( - ) and H(+)I( - ) in the standard state have been determined for transfers from water to 20% mixtures of dioxan and water at 25 degrees. A byproduct of the measurements is the dissociation constant of boric acid in the mixed solvent. Considerable experimental difficulties have been encountered and overcome in these measurements. (Author).
Author:
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ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Using the appropriate chemical cells, the free energies to transfer of the pairs of ions H(+)Br ( - ) and H(+)I( - ) in the standard state have been determined for transfers from water to 20% mixtures of dioxan and water at 25 degrees. A byproduct of the measurements is the dissociation constant of boric acid in the mixed solvent. Considerable experimental difficulties have been encountered and overcome in these measurements. (Author).
Author: John Thomas Frayne
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Absorption spectra
Languages : en
Pages : 180
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Book Description
Author: K. Burger
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0444597514
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 269
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Book Description
Solvation, Ionic and Complex Formation Reactions in Non-Aqueous Solvents: Experimental Methods for their Investigation presents the available methods and their particular value in investigating solutions composed of non-aqueous solvents. This book is composed of 10 chapters and begins with a brief description of the complexity of the interactions possible n solutions. The subsequent chapters deal with a classification of the solvents and empirical solvent strength scales based on various experimental parameters, together with various correlations empirically describing the solvent effect. Other chapters present the methods for the purification of solvents and ways of checking their purity, as well as the individual results achieved during investigations of the solvent effect, particularly the general regularities recognized. The remaining chapters provide a review of the coordination chemistry of non-aqueous solutions. This book will prove useful to analytical and inorganic chemists.
Author: Homer Boss Klonis
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 248
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Book Description
Author: Philippe Hunenberger
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN: 1782624961
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 614
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Book Description
Ions are ubiquitous in chemical, technological, ecological and biological processes. Characterizing their role in these processes in the first place requires the evaluation of the thermodynamic parameters associated with the solvation of a given ion. However, due to the constraint of electroneutrality, the involvement of surface effects and the ambiguous connection between microscopic and macroscopic descriptions, the determination of single-ion solvation properties via both experimental and theoretical approaches has turned out to be a very difficult and highly controversial problem. This unique book provides an up-to-date, compact and consistent account of the research field of single-ion solvation thermodynamics that has over one hundred years of history and still remains largely unsolved. By reviewing the various approaches employed to date, establishing the relevant connections between single-ion thermodynamics and electrochemistry, resolving conceptual ambiguities, and giving an exhaustive data compilation (in the context of alkali and halide hydration), this book provides a consistent synthesis, in depth understanding and clarification of a large and sometimes very confusing research field. The book is primarily aimed at researchers (professors, postgraduates, graduates, and industrial researchers) concerned with processes involving ionic solvation properties (these are ubiquitous, eg. in physical/organic/analytical chemistry, electrochemistry, biochemistry, pharmacology, geology, and ecology). Because of the concept definitions and data compilations it contains, it is also a useful reference book to have in a university library. Finally, it may be of general interest to anyone wanting to learn more about ions and solvation. Key features: - discusses both experimental and theoretical approaches, and establishes the connection between them - provides both an account of the past research (covering over one hundred years) and a discussion of current directions (in particular on the theoretical side) - involves a comprehensive reference list of over 2000 citations - employs a very consistent notation (including table of symbols and unambiguous definitions of all introduced quantities) - provides a discussion and clarification of ambiguous concepts (ie. concepts that have not been defined clearly, or have been defined differently by different authors, leading to confusion in past literature) - encompasses an exhaustive data compilation (in the restricted context of alkali and halide hydration), along with recommended values (after critical analysis of this literature data) - is illustrated by a number of synoptic colour figures, that will help the reader to grasp the connections between different concepts in one single picture
Author: Yizhak Marcus
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118892305
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 311
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Book Description
The book starts with an exposition of the relevant properties of ions and continues with a description of their solvation in the gas phase. The book contains a large amount of factual information in the form of extensive tables of critically examined data and illustrations of the points made throughout. It covers: the relevant properties of prospective liquid solvents for the ions the process of the transfer of ions from the gas phase into a liquid where they are solvated various aspects of the solutions of the ions, such as structural and transport ones and the effects of the ions on the solvent dynamics and structure what happens in cases where the solvent is a mixture selective solvation takes place applications of the concepts expounded previously in fields such as electrochemistry, hydrometallurgy, separation chemistry, biophysics, and synthetic methods
Author: Yizhak Marcus
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118889142
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 308
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Book Description
The book starts with an exposition of the relevant properties of ions and continues with a description of their solvation in the gas phase. The book contains a large amount of factual information in the form of extensive tables of critically examined data and illustrations of the points made throughout. It covers: the relevant properties of prospective liquid solvents for the ions the process of the transfer of ions from the gas phase into a liquid where they are solvated various aspects of the solutions of the ions, such as structural and transport ones and the effects of the ions on the solvent dynamics and structure what happens in cases where the solvent is a mixture selective solvation takes place applications of the concepts expounded previously in fields such as electrochemistry, hydrometallurgy, separation chemistry, biophysics, and synthetic methods
Author: Edward Amis
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323148522
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 487
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Book Description
Solvent Effects on Chemical Phenomena, Volume I discusses the developments in the understanding of solvent effects on chemical phenomena in solution. This five-chapter volume begins with a discussion on the general concepts of various solvation types, including positive and negative, inner and outer sphere, and mixed component. The subsequent chapter deals with the determination of the actual solvation number for single ions. A short list of the total effective hydration numbers of electrolytes determined from temperature dependence of proton shifts is also provided in this chapter. Another chapter presents a number of examples of the unusual properties of certain mixed aqueous systems. The solvent effects on reaction rates and mechanisms are highlighted in the concluding chapter. This chapter also covers various types of solvents, such as protic and dipolar aprotic. The enthalpy and entropy of activation in salvation and the Finkelstein reactions are also discussed. Research chemists and scientists, teachers, and students with courses in solution chemistry will greatly benefit from this volume.
Author: Thomas R. Stengle
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 4
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Book Description
The chemical shift of the Cl-35 NMR signal was used as a probe for the investigation of the solvation of the chloride ion in solvent mixtures of water-acetonitrile and water-dimethyl sulfoxide. First it was shown that the chemical shift is independent of the nature of the cation and the salt concentration; that is, the counter ion has no effect on the experimental parameter. The chemical shift then should reflect the composition of the solvation sphere. In acetonitrile-water mixtures, chloride ion shows a strong preference for water; presumably the result of hydrogen bonding between H2O and Cl( - ). In DMSO-water mixtures however, there appears to be nearly equal competition for Cl( - ) solvation sites. A possible explanation of this unexpected behavior is advanced. (Author).
Author: Y. Marcus
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 328
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Book Description
Chemical reactions generally take place in solution and often involve ions. The behaviour of ions in solution, manifested through ion solvation, is therefore of prime interest in chemistry. This book considers in depth the phenomenology of ion solvation and the models and interpretations that have been proposed as the physical causes for the observed phenomena. It contains a thorough discussion of the statistical thermodynamic background of the solvation process from which a discussion of the actual thermodynamics is developed. This, in turn, serves as a background to the structural and kinetic features of ion solvation.
