Stocking Density Affects Trampling and Use of Vegetation on Nebraska Sandhills Meadow PDF Download
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Author: Jordan R. Johnson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Plants
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Jordan R. Johnson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Plants
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Torie Lindsey
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Plants
Languages : en
Pages : 70
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Book Description
A study was conducted on a subirrigated meadow in the Nebraska Sandhills to determine differences in aboveground plant production, utilization, trampling, harvest efficiency, ground cover, plant functional group composition and animal performance among four grazing treatments. Grazing treatments included ultrahigh stocking density, four-pasture rotation with one occupation (4-PR-1), and four-pasture rotation with two occupations (4-PR-2). Pastures were grazed from May to August in 2014 and 2015 at equal stocking rates within years but varied among years. Stocking densities were 225,000 kg ha-1 for ultrahigh stocking density, 7,000 kg ha-1 for 4-PR-1, and 5,000 kg ha-1 for 4-PR-2. Aboveground plant production did not differ among treatments. Litter mass was 2 to 4 times greater in control treatments but there were no differences among grazed treatments. Standing dead biomass did not differ among treatments. Utilization was greater in ultrahigh stocking density treatments than 4-PR-1, likely due to trampling amounts, which were greatest in ultrahigh stocking density. Remaining herbage was lowest in ultrahigh stocking density treatments. Cool-season grass composition was greatest in the 4-PR-1 treatment and lowest in the control treatment. Warm-season grass composition was greatest in 2015 for grazed treatments and in 2014 for the control treatment. Sedges and rushes did not differ among grazed treatments. Percentage forbs did not differ among treatments and peaked in 2014. There were no treatment effects on ground cover; including litter, bare ground and plant base hits. In 2014, steer daily gains among all treatments were not different. In 2015, steer average daily gains in the 4-PR-2 were greater than ultrahigh stocking density and 4-PR-1 daily gain.
Author: Aaron Shropshire
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Grazing
Languages : en
Pages : 126
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Book Description
Ultrahigh stocking density (a.k.a., mob grazing) is proposed as a management tool that results in greater harvest efficiency, animal performance, aboveground plant production, species richness, and soil carbon content. The study objective was to determine grazing treatment, haying, or non-defoliated control effects on forage utilization, aboveground production, animal performance, and soil properties. In 2010, 25 ha of Sandhills meadow were divided into 2 replications of 3 grazing, a hay, and control treatment. Grazing treatments were a 120-pasture rotation with one grazing cycle (mob), a 4-pasture rotation with one cycle (4PR1), and a 4-pasture rotation with two cycles (4PR2) at stocking densities of 225,000, 7,000, and 5,000 kg ha-1, respectively. Pastures were stocked by yearling steers (365 kg) at 7.4 AUM ha-1 from May to August in 2010 to 2017. Hay was harvested annually in July. Control plots were not defoliated. In grazed treatments, aboveground biomass was clipped at ground level to estimate utilization after grazing periods (24 hours, 10 and 15 days,). Aboveground biomass was clipped at ground level annually within experimental units in mid-August. Species composition was determined annually in June. Soil cores were taken in 2010 and 2018 at 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm depths. Utilization in grazed treatments differed by treatment. Mob utilization and trampled vegetation was highest followed by 4PR1 and 4PR2. Harvest efficiency did not differ by treatment. Residual standing live herbage had a treatment by year interaction where mob was usually lowest and 4PR2 was usually highest. Aboveground production did not differ among grazing and hay treatments but was greater for grazed treatments than control. Animal performance differed by treatment and year with steers gaining more in 4PR2 than the other treatments. Cool-season grasses decreased in control but increased in grazed treatments. Warm-season grasses decreased in control and were unchanged in grazed treatments. Prairie cordgrass and white clover were affected by treatment. Soil carbon, nitrogen, and bulk density did not differ among treatments. We concluded that management strategy was a driver of utilization, animal performance, and species composition. After 8 years, mob grazing was not a driver of aboveground production or soil property changes.
Author: Devyn M. Richardson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Grazing
Languages : en
Pages : 136
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Author: Ben W Beckman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Elymus
Languages : en
Pages : 144
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Book Description
Stocking density can be manipulated by management factors including herd size, pasture size, and grazing period length. Ultrahigh stocking density (mob grazing) is commonly characterized at 200,000 kg animal live weight ha-1 or higher with multiple movements of livestock per day. Practitioners claim increased plant production, soil development, and nutrient cycling rates because of high trampling percentages resulting from ultrahigh socking densities. This study was conducted on subirrigated meadow in the Nebraska Sandhills in 2012 and 2013 to determine grazing method effect on annual root production and litter decomposition. Stocking rates were held constant while stocking densities varied by treatment. Treatments included two replications of mob grazing (202,000 kg ha-1), 4-pasture rotation grazing (4-PR-1) (6700 kg ha-1), continuous grazing (5000 kg ha-1), and an ungrazed control. Cattle grazed for 60 days from early June to early August. Each May, 12 soil cores (5 cm diameter x 15 cm depth) per treatment replication were taken and roots removed. Root-free soil was placed in mesh cylinders of the same dimensions as the cores and inserted into the cores in the field. The mesh cylinders were excavated in November and roots separated from soil, dried, and weighed. Mob grazing did not increase root production. The control contained 60% more annual root biomass (P
Author: John F. Vallentine
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080532594
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 673
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Book Description
Grazing animals need to be managed in order to accommodate desired results in terms of animal, plant, land and economic responses. Grazing Management, Second Edition integrates principles and management techniques that apply to all grazing lands and to all grazing animals. This comprehensive volume provides authoritative review on a wide range of relevant topics: animal nutrition and nutritional balance when fed on different sorts of grazing lands; seasonal variation and limits placed on ecosystems by grazing; the effects of grazing on grazing lands; the various sorts of grazing behaviors; selecting plants and managing grazing lands, as well as many other important topics bearing upon the methods, practises and procedures for properly managing grazing lands and animals. - Animal nutrition and nutritional balance when fed on different sorts of grazing lands - Seasonal variation and limits placed on ecosystems by grazing - The effects of grazing on grazing lands - The various sorts of grazing behaviours - Selecting plants and managing grazing lands
Author: John Ernest Weaver
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 200
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Author: National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Agricultural Land Use and Wildlife Resources
Publisher: National Academies
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 276
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Book Description
Historical perspective. Wildlife values in a Changing World. New patterns on land and water. Influence of land management on wildlife. Special problems of waters and watersheds. Pesticides and wildlife. Wildlife demage and control. Legislation and administration. Evaluation and Conclusions.
Author: Gilles Lemaire
Publisher: CABI
ISBN: 1845938097
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 305
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Book Description
This book contains 28 chapters with emphasis on the interactive nature of the relationships between the soil, plant, animal and environmental components of grassland systems, both natural and managed. It analyses the present knowledge and the future trends of research for combining the classical view of grasslands, as a resource for secure feeding of an increasing human population, with the more recent perspective of the contribution of grasslands to the mitigation of environmental impacts and biodiversity erosion as consequences of human society activities. The chapters are organized within five sections dealing with the different functions and the main ecosystem services expected from grasslands: (i) domestic herbivore feeding and animal production; (ii) the regulation of biogeochemical cycles and its consequences for the environment; (iii) dynamics of biodiversity hosted by grasslands; (iv) integration of grasslands within sustainable animal production systems; and (v) interactions of grassland areas with other land use systems at the landscape level.
Author: Hafiz Muhammad Rizwan
Publisher: CABI
ISBN: 1800621868
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 298
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Book Description
Parasitism and Parasitic Control in Animals brings together all the details needed to appropriately manage parasites in domestic animals. It provides comprehensive coverage of parasites and factors affecting their transmission, principles of parasite control, diagnosis, and assessment of parasitological information. With numerous new case histories and maps showing the spread of anthelmintic resistance, this textbook forms an essential guide for veterinary practitioners, students and technicians. It is also an invaluable resource for parasitologists, researchers, animal health professionals and anyone working with these parasites in developing countries.
