Author: Axel Calissendorff
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN: 9403506830
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 305
Book Description
Each year, Stockholm is the arbitration seat of choice for numerous parties endeavouring to resolve international disputes. It is the second most used venue for investment disputes, and it is often the venue for disputes arising from the Energy Charter Treaty. This new annual publication, launched under the auspices of the Stockholm Centre for Commercial Law, is designed to meet the information needs of arbitration practitioners and parties from all over the world. This first issue provides authoritative articles, some of them with a Swedish angle, that address current matters of global concern in arbitration, including the following: multi-appointment bias; cross-examination and advocacy in arbitration; due process – paranoia or prudence?; robots as arbitrators; security for costs and third-party funding in investment arbitration; and the ‘Arbitration Station’ podcast. Recent developments in Swedish arbitration-related case law are summarized. The 2019 changes in the Swedish Arbitration Act are presented. The Yearbook provides both perspective and detailed analyses that will be welcomed by arbitration practitioners, counsel, and judges deciding arbitration cases. It will also prove valuable insights for arbitration academics, in-house counsel at multinational companies, and arbitral institutions worldwide.
Stockholm Arbitration Yearbook 2019
Author: Axel Calissendorff
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN: 9403506830
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 305
Book Description
Each year, Stockholm is the arbitration seat of choice for numerous parties endeavouring to resolve international disputes. It is the second most used venue for investment disputes, and it is often the venue for disputes arising from the Energy Charter Treaty. This new annual publication, launched under the auspices of the Stockholm Centre for Commercial Law, is designed to meet the information needs of arbitration practitioners and parties from all over the world. This first issue provides authoritative articles, some of them with a Swedish angle, that address current matters of global concern in arbitration, including the following: multi-appointment bias; cross-examination and advocacy in arbitration; due process – paranoia or prudence?; robots as arbitrators; security for costs and third-party funding in investment arbitration; and the ‘Arbitration Station’ podcast. Recent developments in Swedish arbitration-related case law are summarized. The 2019 changes in the Swedish Arbitration Act are presented. The Yearbook provides both perspective and detailed analyses that will be welcomed by arbitration practitioners, counsel, and judges deciding arbitration cases. It will also prove valuable insights for arbitration academics, in-house counsel at multinational companies, and arbitral institutions worldwide.
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN: 9403506830
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 305
Book Description
Each year, Stockholm is the arbitration seat of choice for numerous parties endeavouring to resolve international disputes. It is the second most used venue for investment disputes, and it is often the venue for disputes arising from the Energy Charter Treaty. This new annual publication, launched under the auspices of the Stockholm Centre for Commercial Law, is designed to meet the information needs of arbitration practitioners and parties from all over the world. This first issue provides authoritative articles, some of them with a Swedish angle, that address current matters of global concern in arbitration, including the following: multi-appointment bias; cross-examination and advocacy in arbitration; due process – paranoia or prudence?; robots as arbitrators; security for costs and third-party funding in investment arbitration; and the ‘Arbitration Station’ podcast. Recent developments in Swedish arbitration-related case law are summarized. The 2019 changes in the Swedish Arbitration Act are presented. The Yearbook provides both perspective and detailed analyses that will be welcomed by arbitration practitioners, counsel, and judges deciding arbitration cases. It will also prove valuable insights for arbitration academics, in-house counsel at multinational companies, and arbitral institutions worldwide.
Stockholm Arbitration Yearbook 2020
Author: Axel Calissendorff
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN: 9403524111
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 401
Book Description
Each year, Stockholm is the arbitration seat of choice for numerous parties endeavouring to resolve international disputes. It is the second most used venue for investment disputes, and it is often the venue for disputes arising from the Energy Charter Treaty. This annual publication, launched under the auspices of the Stockholm Centre for Commercial Law, is designed to meet the information needs of arbitration practitioners and parties from all over the world. The present edition provides authoritative chapters, some of them with a Swedish angle, that address current matters of global concern in arbitration, including the following: dispute resolution in the financial sector; emergency arbitration; recent Swedish case law related to arbitration and in particular one seminal case; arbitrator liability; the right to a public hearing in arbitration; and squeeze-out arbitration. The Yearbook provides both perspective and detailed analyses that will be welcomed by arbitration practitioners, counsel, and judges deciding arbitration cases. It will also provide valuable insights for arbitration academics, in-house counsel at multinational companies, and arbitral institutions worldwide.
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN: 9403524111
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 401
Book Description
Each year, Stockholm is the arbitration seat of choice for numerous parties endeavouring to resolve international disputes. It is the second most used venue for investment disputes, and it is often the venue for disputes arising from the Energy Charter Treaty. This annual publication, launched under the auspices of the Stockholm Centre for Commercial Law, is designed to meet the information needs of arbitration practitioners and parties from all over the world. The present edition provides authoritative chapters, some of them with a Swedish angle, that address current matters of global concern in arbitration, including the following: dispute resolution in the financial sector; emergency arbitration; recent Swedish case law related to arbitration and in particular one seminal case; arbitrator liability; the right to a public hearing in arbitration; and squeeze-out arbitration. The Yearbook provides both perspective and detailed analyses that will be welcomed by arbitration practitioners, counsel, and judges deciding arbitration cases. It will also provide valuable insights for arbitration academics, in-house counsel at multinational companies, and arbitral institutions worldwide.
Stockholm Arbitration Yearbook 2021
Author: Axel Calissendorff
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN: 940353530X
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 468
Book Description
Stockholm Arbitration Yearbook Series, VOLUME 3 Each year, Stockholm is the arbitration seat of choice for numerous parties endeavouring to resolve international disputes. It is the second most used venue for investment disputes, and it is often the venue for disputes arising from the Energy Charter Treaty. This annual publication, launched under the auspices of the Stockholm Centre for Commercial Law, is designed to meet the information needs of arbitration practitioners and parties from all over the world. The present edition’s topics include: a guide to the arbitral tribunal’s deliberation and decision-making; getting unwilling witnesses to appear; recent Swedish case law related to arbitration; claims based on fraud and other non-contractual claims; two parties with several arbitration agreements; and interaction between experts and the arbitral tribunal. The Yearbook provides both perspective and detailed analyses that will be welcomed by arbitration practitioners, counsel and judges deciding arbitration cases. It will also provide valuable insights for arbitration academics, in-house counsel at multinational companies and arbitral institutions worldwide.
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN: 940353530X
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 468
Book Description
Stockholm Arbitration Yearbook Series, VOLUME 3 Each year, Stockholm is the arbitration seat of choice for numerous parties endeavouring to resolve international disputes. It is the second most used venue for investment disputes, and it is often the venue for disputes arising from the Energy Charter Treaty. This annual publication, launched under the auspices of the Stockholm Centre for Commercial Law, is designed to meet the information needs of arbitration practitioners and parties from all over the world. The present edition’s topics include: a guide to the arbitral tribunal’s deliberation and decision-making; getting unwilling witnesses to appear; recent Swedish case law related to arbitration; claims based on fraud and other non-contractual claims; two parties with several arbitration agreements; and interaction between experts and the arbitral tribunal. The Yearbook provides both perspective and detailed analyses that will be welcomed by arbitration practitioners, counsel and judges deciding arbitration cases. It will also provide valuable insights for arbitration academics, in-house counsel at multinational companies and arbitral institutions worldwide.
Stockholm Arbitration Yearbook 2023
Author: Patrik Scholdstrom
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN: 9403503688
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 540
Book Description
Each year, Stockholm is the arbitration seat of choice for numerous parties endeavouring to resolve international disputes. It is the second most used venue for investment disputes, and it is often the venue for disputes arising from the Energy Charter Treaty. This annual publication, launched under the auspices of the Stockholm Centre for Commercial Law, is designed to meet the information needs of arbitration practitioners and parties from all over the world. The present edition’s topics include: arbitration and EU sanctions against Russia; the ins and outs of arbitrator selection; the divide between lawful and unlawful expropriation in investment arbitration; tactical misuse of GDPR in arbitration; court-assisted preservation of evidence; and the distinction between jurisdiction and admissibility. The Yearbook provides both perspective and detailed analyses that will be welcomed by arbitration practitioners, counsel and judges deciding arbitration cases. It will also provide valuable insights for arbitration academics, in-house counsel at multinational companies and arbitral institutions worldwide.
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN: 9403503688
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 540
Book Description
Each year, Stockholm is the arbitration seat of choice for numerous parties endeavouring to resolve international disputes. It is the second most used venue for investment disputes, and it is often the venue for disputes arising from the Energy Charter Treaty. This annual publication, launched under the auspices of the Stockholm Centre for Commercial Law, is designed to meet the information needs of arbitration practitioners and parties from all over the world. The present edition’s topics include: arbitration and EU sanctions against Russia; the ins and outs of arbitrator selection; the divide between lawful and unlawful expropriation in investment arbitration; tactical misuse of GDPR in arbitration; court-assisted preservation of evidence; and the distinction between jurisdiction and admissibility. The Yearbook provides both perspective and detailed analyses that will be welcomed by arbitration practitioners, counsel and judges deciding arbitration cases. It will also provide valuable insights for arbitration academics, in-house counsel at multinational companies and arbitral institutions worldwide.
Stockholm Arbitration Yearbook 2022
Author: Axel Calissendorff
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN: 9403519665
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 426
Book Description
Stockholm Arbitration Yearbook 2022, Volume 4 Each year, Stockholm is the arbitration seat of choice for numerous parties endeavouring to resolve international disputes. It is the second most used venue for investment disputes, and it is often the venue for disputes arising from the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT). This annual publication, launched under the auspices of the Stockholm Centre for Commercial Law, is designed to meet the information needs of arbitration practitioners and parties from all over the world. The present edition’s topics include: the impact of EU law on dispute resolution in international investment and trade agreements; execution of arbitral award against sovereign wealth fund assets; recent Nordic case law related to post-M&A arbitration; expert decisions; corruption and arbitration; and investment protection under the ECT in relation to an underwater gas pipeline project. The Yearbook provides both perspective and detailed analyses that will be welcomed by arbitration practitioners, counsel and judges deciding arbitration cases. It will also provide valuable insights for arbitration academics, in-house counsel at multinational companies and arbitral institutions worldwide.
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN: 9403519665
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 426
Book Description
Stockholm Arbitration Yearbook 2022, Volume 4 Each year, Stockholm is the arbitration seat of choice for numerous parties endeavouring to resolve international disputes. It is the second most used venue for investment disputes, and it is often the venue for disputes arising from the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT). This annual publication, launched under the auspices of the Stockholm Centre for Commercial Law, is designed to meet the information needs of arbitration practitioners and parties from all over the world. The present edition’s topics include: the impact of EU law on dispute resolution in international investment and trade agreements; execution of arbitral award against sovereign wealth fund assets; recent Nordic case law related to post-M&A arbitration; expert decisions; corruption and arbitration; and investment protection under the ECT in relation to an underwater gas pipeline project. The Yearbook provides both perspective and detailed analyses that will be welcomed by arbitration practitioners, counsel and judges deciding arbitration cases. It will also provide valuable insights for arbitration academics, in-house counsel at multinational companies and arbitral institutions worldwide.
Yearbook Commercial Arbitration, Volume XLIV (2019)
Author: Stephan W. Schill
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN: 9403520353
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 973
Book Description
The Yearbook Commercial Arbitration continues its longstanding commitment to serving as a primary resource for the international arbitration community, with reports on arbitral awards and court decisions applying the leading arbitration conventions and decisions of general interest to the practice of international arbitration as well as announcements of arbitration legislation and rules. Volume XLIV (2019) includes: excerpts of arbitral awards made under the auspices of the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC); notes on new and amended arbitration rules, including references to their online publication; notes on recent developments in arbitration law and practice inDjibouti, India, the Republic of Maldives, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Sweden, and the United Arab Emirates, as well as the Prague Rules on the Efficient Conduct of Proceedings in International Arbitration; excerpts of 88 court decisions applying the 1958 New York Convention from 27 countries – including, for the first time, a selection of seven cases from Hungary, and cases from Fiji, Macao SAR, Panama, and the Caribbean Community – all indexed by subject matter and linked to the commentaries on the New York Convention published in the Yearbook, authored by former General Editor and leading expert Prof. Albert Jan van den Berg; excerpts from two decision applying the 1965 Washington (ICSID) Convention and four decisions applying the 1975 Panama (Inter-American) Convention, as well as a selection of eight court decisions of general interest; an extensive Bibliography of recent books and journals on arbitration. The Yearbook is edited by the International Council for Commercial Arbitration (ICCA), the world’s leading organization representing practitioners and academics in the field, under the general editorship of Prof. Dr. Stephan W. Schill and with the assistance of the Permanent Court of Arbitration, The Hague. It is an essential tool for lawyers, business people and scholars involved in the practice and study of international arbitration.
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN: 9403520353
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 973
Book Description
The Yearbook Commercial Arbitration continues its longstanding commitment to serving as a primary resource for the international arbitration community, with reports on arbitral awards and court decisions applying the leading arbitration conventions and decisions of general interest to the practice of international arbitration as well as announcements of arbitration legislation and rules. Volume XLIV (2019) includes: excerpts of arbitral awards made under the auspices of the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC); notes on new and amended arbitration rules, including references to their online publication; notes on recent developments in arbitration law and practice inDjibouti, India, the Republic of Maldives, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Sweden, and the United Arab Emirates, as well as the Prague Rules on the Efficient Conduct of Proceedings in International Arbitration; excerpts of 88 court decisions applying the 1958 New York Convention from 27 countries – including, for the first time, a selection of seven cases from Hungary, and cases from Fiji, Macao SAR, Panama, and the Caribbean Community – all indexed by subject matter and linked to the commentaries on the New York Convention published in the Yearbook, authored by former General Editor and leading expert Prof. Albert Jan van den Berg; excerpts from two decision applying the 1965 Washington (ICSID) Convention and four decisions applying the 1975 Panama (Inter-American) Convention, as well as a selection of eight court decisions of general interest; an extensive Bibliography of recent books and journals on arbitration. The Yearbook is edited by the International Council for Commercial Arbitration (ICCA), the world’s leading organization representing practitioners and academics in the field, under the general editorship of Prof. Dr. Stephan W. Schill and with the assistance of the Permanent Court of Arbitration, The Hague. It is an essential tool for lawyers, business people and scholars involved in the practice and study of international arbitration.
International Arbitration in Sweden
Author: Annette Magnusson
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN: 9403525622
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 557
Book Description
Sweden is one of a handful of countries where the international arbitral process has reached a stage where the jurisprudence is replete with instances involving no local parties at all. In this context of credible neutrality, the Arbitration Institute of the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce (SCC) has emerged as a leading global arbitral institution. Whether the matter at issue is a business transaction dispute or a politicized conflict involving obdurate parties, the richness of its body of decided cases manifests the SCC’s authority and reliability throughout the converging world of international arbitration. The present book, written by sixteen eminent practitioners and now in its second edition, provides a practical guide to international arbitration in Sweden, whether ad hoc or institutional. Among the many elements of practice and procedure detailed are the following: appointment, challenge, removal, and compensation of arbitrators; procedural efficiency and costs; use of international legal sources such as IBA guidelines; choice of law by parties; SCC rules and procedures; multiparty arbitrations – joinder, intervention, consolidation; investment treaty arbitration; confidentiality; documentary evidence, witnesses, and experts; grounds for setting aside; party succession; Swedish court review of the arbitrator’s jurisdiction; and appeal of arbitrators’ compensation. In addition, readers will be exposed to a trove of pertinent references to important decisions that have, in recent decades, been generated by the stream of major international arbitrations conducted in Sweden. Disputing parties wishing to know what will happen when their case is brought to Sweden for arbitration will find no clearer or more thorough guide. This book is an incomparable source for anyone called upon to act as arbitrator or counsel, or in any other capacity, in international arbitration in Sweden.
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN: 9403525622
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 557
Book Description
Sweden is one of a handful of countries where the international arbitral process has reached a stage where the jurisprudence is replete with instances involving no local parties at all. In this context of credible neutrality, the Arbitration Institute of the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce (SCC) has emerged as a leading global arbitral institution. Whether the matter at issue is a business transaction dispute or a politicized conflict involving obdurate parties, the richness of its body of decided cases manifests the SCC’s authority and reliability throughout the converging world of international arbitration. The present book, written by sixteen eminent practitioners and now in its second edition, provides a practical guide to international arbitration in Sweden, whether ad hoc or institutional. Among the many elements of practice and procedure detailed are the following: appointment, challenge, removal, and compensation of arbitrators; procedural efficiency and costs; use of international legal sources such as IBA guidelines; choice of law by parties; SCC rules and procedures; multiparty arbitrations – joinder, intervention, consolidation; investment treaty arbitration; confidentiality; documentary evidence, witnesses, and experts; grounds for setting aside; party succession; Swedish court review of the arbitrator’s jurisdiction; and appeal of arbitrators’ compensation. In addition, readers will be exposed to a trove of pertinent references to important decisions that have, in recent decades, been generated by the stream of major international arbitrations conducted in Sweden. Disputing parties wishing to know what will happen when their case is brought to Sweden for arbitration will find no clearer or more thorough guide. This book is an incomparable source for anyone called upon to act as arbitrator or counsel, or in any other capacity, in international arbitration in Sweden.
Construction Arbitration and Alternative Dispute Resolution
Author: Renato Nazzini
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 100044869X
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 471
Book Description
This book provides comprehensive, rigorous and up-to-date coverage of key issues that have emerged in the first quarter of the 21st Century in transnational construction arbitration and alternative dispute resolution (ADR). Covering four general themes, this book discusses: the increasing internationalisation of dispute resolution in construction law; the increasing reliance on technology in the management of construction projects and construction arbitration/ADR; the increasing prominence of collaborative contracting in construction and infrastructure projects; the increasing importance of contractual adjudication such as dispute boards in construction and infrastructure projects; the increasing prevalence of statutory adjudication mechanisms across the world; and the greater incidence of investment disputes and disputes against States and State entities over construction and infrastructure concessions and agreements. Tapping on their substantial expertise in practice and in research, the contributor team of senior practitioners and academics in the area of construction law and dispute resolution provide readers with information that balances an intellectually rigorous academic contribution against the backdrop of real concerns raised in practice. Construction Arbitration and Alternative Dispute Resolution is an invaluable resource for practitioners in the field, academics in arbitration and construction law, and post-graduate students in construction law and dispute resolution.
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 100044869X
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 471
Book Description
This book provides comprehensive, rigorous and up-to-date coverage of key issues that have emerged in the first quarter of the 21st Century in transnational construction arbitration and alternative dispute resolution (ADR). Covering four general themes, this book discusses: the increasing internationalisation of dispute resolution in construction law; the increasing reliance on technology in the management of construction projects and construction arbitration/ADR; the increasing prominence of collaborative contracting in construction and infrastructure projects; the increasing importance of contractual adjudication such as dispute boards in construction and infrastructure projects; the increasing prevalence of statutory adjudication mechanisms across the world; and the greater incidence of investment disputes and disputes against States and State entities over construction and infrastructure concessions and agreements. Tapping on their substantial expertise in practice and in research, the contributor team of senior practitioners and academics in the area of construction law and dispute resolution provide readers with information that balances an intellectually rigorous academic contribution against the backdrop of real concerns raised in practice. Construction Arbitration and Alternative Dispute Resolution is an invaluable resource for practitioners in the field, academics in arbitration and construction law, and post-graduate students in construction law and dispute resolution.
International Arbitration in England
Author: Laila Hamzi
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN: 9403522259
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 602
Book Description
There is no question that in recent years, the case law, practice and legal environment in which international arbitration in England is practised have all evolved and adapted to a changing world and continue to do so. In this book, a diverse range of practitioners chart this development with detailed consideration of the challenges and opportunities for the future of international arbitration in England. The topics chosen often reflect and explore preoccupations of our times, including such aspects of arbitral practice as the following: challenges to arbitrators, with particular attention to the Supreme Court’s findings in Halliburton v. Chubb; virtual hearings; diversity in international arbitration; climate change arbitration; ‘green arbitration’ practices; developing jurisprudence regarding enjoining foreign states in English proceedings; recovery of in-house costs in English-seated international arbitrations; overlapping sanctions regimes and their application to arbitral disputes in England; and the role and future of third-party funding. The fact that the essays were all written during the COVID-19 pandemic is reflected in the procedural issues which form the focus of some chapters, reminding us that when it comes, change can come quickly. For this reason, the deeply informed insights in this volume, intended as they are to ensure the continued evolution and success of international arbitration in England, will prove of immeasurable value for any practitioner making submissions before an arbitral tribunal. Jurists, academics and students will gain invaluable perspectives on the future trajectory of the field.
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN: 9403522259
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 602
Book Description
There is no question that in recent years, the case law, practice and legal environment in which international arbitration in England is practised have all evolved and adapted to a changing world and continue to do so. In this book, a diverse range of practitioners chart this development with detailed consideration of the challenges and opportunities for the future of international arbitration in England. The topics chosen often reflect and explore preoccupations of our times, including such aspects of arbitral practice as the following: challenges to arbitrators, with particular attention to the Supreme Court’s findings in Halliburton v. Chubb; virtual hearings; diversity in international arbitration; climate change arbitration; ‘green arbitration’ practices; developing jurisprudence regarding enjoining foreign states in English proceedings; recovery of in-house costs in English-seated international arbitrations; overlapping sanctions regimes and their application to arbitral disputes in England; and the role and future of third-party funding. The fact that the essays were all written during the COVID-19 pandemic is reflected in the procedural issues which form the focus of some chapters, reminding us that when it comes, change can come quickly. For this reason, the deeply informed insights in this volume, intended as they are to ensure the continued evolution and success of international arbitration in England, will prove of immeasurable value for any practitioner making submissions before an arbitral tribunal. Jurists, academics and students will gain invaluable perspectives on the future trajectory of the field.
Expedited Procedures in International Commercial Arbitration
Author: Andreas Wehowsky
Publisher: sui generis Verlag
ISBN: 3907297423
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 358
Book Description
International arbitration has enjoyed remarkable success. However, in recent years repeated concerns relating to the efficiency of the proceedings have emerged. These concerns have led to the introduction of provisions for expedited arbitral procedures. Through analysing various arbitration rules, this book will examine the require-ments under which expedited procedures are admissible, what the central char-acteristics of such procedures are, and how such procedures can be classified and described in comparison to a conventional arbitral procedure. A significant part will examine the tension between procedural efficiency on the one hand and on quality of the procedure and award on the other. In an excursus, early determination procedures will be examined to complete the tool box to increase procedural efficiency.
Publisher: sui generis Verlag
ISBN: 3907297423
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 358
Book Description
International arbitration has enjoyed remarkable success. However, in recent years repeated concerns relating to the efficiency of the proceedings have emerged. These concerns have led to the introduction of provisions for expedited arbitral procedures. Through analysing various arbitration rules, this book will examine the require-ments under which expedited procedures are admissible, what the central char-acteristics of such procedures are, and how such procedures can be classified and described in comparison to a conventional arbitral procedure. A significant part will examine the tension between procedural efficiency on the one hand and on quality of the procedure and award on the other. In an excursus, early determination procedures will be examined to complete the tool box to increase procedural efficiency.