Source, Fate, and Transport of Endocrine Disruptors, Pharmaceuticals, and Personal Care Products in Drinking Water Sources in California PDF Download
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Author: Y. Carrie Guo
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cosmetics
Languages : en
Pages : 140
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Book Description
Author: Y. Carrie Guo
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cosmetics
Languages : en
Pages : 140
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Book Description
Author: Jennifer Ann Dougherty
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
The contamination of water supplies by organic contaminants such as pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) pose a potential risk to the health of humans and ecosystems. Septic systems under the best circumstances produce effluent quality equivalent to biologically or secondarily treated wastewater, which is known to be inefficient for removal of many PPCPs. This dissertation examines septic systems as a source of PPCP pollution. The occurrence, fate, and transport of a set of 25 organic contaminants commonly found in wastewater was studied at the scale of a watershed, a septic system, and in microcosms that simulated the geochemical conditions of a septic plume. The septic system study was carried out at Stinson Beach, CA and the watershed study at Liberty Bay, WA. The tested compounds included 19 pharmaceuticals, three personal care products, two herbicides and one flame retardant. They encompassed a structurally diverse group of chemicals with a wide range of physicochemical properties, with Log Kow ranging -0.07 to 4.77 as well as acidic and basic properties. First, sediments from Stinson Beach, CA were used in batch microcosm experiments to assess biotransformation and sorption under conditions simulating an aerobic groundwater system and the nitrate and sulfate reducing conditions of a septic plume. Transformation was found, in general, to be slower under anaerobic conditions than aerobic conditions. Half-lives ranged from 4 days to longer than 365 days for all conditions. Sorption did not fit the commonly used hydrophobic models governed by Log Kow, indicating the significance of factors other than hydrophobicity. These factors may include hydrogen bonding and electrostatic attraction due to one or several polar functional groups. Second, the occurrence and transport of PPCPs in a single septic system along the California coast was documented. Findings indicated that many PPCPs were refractory and mobile under the conditions of a leach field contaminant plume. Finally, in a watershed scale study in Liberty Bay, Washington, the occurrence of PPCPs thought to originate from septic systems was evaluated. The findings are consistent with laboratory data and usage patterns. The overall results of this dissertation suggest that septic systems, which support 25% of the United States population, may be a significant source of PPCP contamination to groundwater and surface waters.
Author: Ellen Hanak
Publisher: Public Policy Instit. of CA
ISBN: 1582131414
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 500
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Book Description
Author: Minta Marie Schaefer
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781267025357
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are found in surface waters worldwide and wastewater treatment plant effluent is the primary source of these contaminants. The sharp decline of four pelagic fish species in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (Delta) in the last decade is just one of several indicators that the ecosystem is severely impaired. Several wastewater treatment plants discharge directly or tributary to the Delta. This study examines the presence of PPCPs in the Delta through passive sampler monitoring of the Sacramento River in the vicinity of the Sacramento Regional Wastewater Treatment Plant. The fate and transport of carbamazepine, fluoxetine, and trimethoprim in the Delta was analyzed using the 2-D finite element RMA Bay-Delta Model. Results indicate that these pharmaceuticals are present at low ng/L levels at all 45 model output locations and therefore, aquatic organisms within the Delta are continually exposed to these contaminants.
Author: M. Silvia Díaz‐Cruz
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319188097
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 413
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Book Description
This volume offers an overview of the occurrence and distribution of personal care products in continental and marine waters, presents analytical methods and degradation technologies and discusses their impact on human health. Experts from different disciplines highlight major issues for each family of compounds related to their occurrence in the water column as well as in solid and biota samples, methodological strategies for their analysis, non-conventional degradation technologies, (eco)toxicity data and their human and environmental risk assessment. The book also includes a general introduction to personal care products, covering their properties, use, behaviour and regulatory framework, and a final chapter identifying knowledge gaps and future research trends. It will appeal to experts from various fields of research, including analytical and environmental chemistry, toxicology and environmental engineering.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 030910470X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 189
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Book Description
A range of natural earth materials, like arsenic or fluoride, have long been linked to significant human health effects. Improved understanding of the pervasive and complex interactions between earth materials and human health will require creative collaborations between earth scientists and public health professionals. At the request of the National Science Foundation, U.S. Geological Survey, and National Aeronautics and Space Administration, this National Research Council book assesses the current state of knowledge at the interface between the earth sciences and public health disciplines. The book identifies high-priority areas for collaborative research, including understanding the transport and bioavailability of potentially hazardous earth materials, using risk-based scenarios to mitigate the public health effects of natural hazards under current and future climate regimes, and understanding the health risks that result from disturbance of earth systems. Geospatial information - geological maps for earth scientists and epidemiological data for public health professionals - is identified as one of the essential integrative tools that is fundamental to the activities of both communities. The book also calls for increased data sharing between agencies to promote interdisciplinary research without compromising privacy.
Author: Klaus Kümmerer
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540746641
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 531
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Book Description
Following the success of the first edition, this pioneering study of pharmaceuticals in the environment has been updated and greatly extended. It includes the status of research on pharmaceuticals in soil, with attention to terrestrial and aquatic environments as well as new substance categories such as tetracylines and chinolones and the latest results concerning contamination of the environment and risk reduction.
Author: Paola Verlicchi
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319621785
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 254
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Book Description
This volume addresses hospital effluents in terms of their composition and the management and treatment strategies currently (being) adopted around the globe. In this context, one major focus is on pharmaceutical compounds: their observed concentration range, ecotoxicological effects, and the removal efficiency achieved by the different technologies. Another focus is on management strategies (dedicated hospital wastewater treatment, or a combined approach also involving urban wastewater) and currently adopted treatments to reduce the released pollutant load. Innovative and promising technologies under investigation at the lab and pilot scale are presented. A discussion of remaining knowledge gaps and future research requirements rounds out the coverage. The respective chapters, written by experts in the different fields, provide useful information for a broad audience: scientists involved in the management and treatment of hospital effluents and wastewater containing micropollutants, administrators and decision-makers, legislators involved in the authorization and management of healthcare structure effluents, and environmental engineers involved in the design of wastewater treatment plants, as well as newcomers and students interested in these issues.
Author: Thomas Ternes
Publisher: IWA Publishing
ISBN: 1843390930
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 475
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Book Description
The observed concentrations of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in raw wastewater confirm that municipal wastewater represents the main disposal pathway for the PPCPs consumed in households, hospitals and industry. In sewage treatment plant effluents most PPCPs are still present, since many of these polar and persistent compounds are being removed only partially or, in some cases, not at all. Treated wastewater therefore represents an important point source for PPCPs into the environment. After passing a sewage treatment plant the treated wastewater is mostly discharged into rivers and streams or sometimes used to irrigate fields. If drinking water is produced using resources containing a substantial proportion of treated wastewater (e.g. from river water downstream of communities) the water cycle is closed and indirect potable reuse occurs. Human Pharmaceuticals, Hormones and Fragrances provides an overview of the occurrence, analytics, removal and environmental risk of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in wastewater, surface water and drinking water. The book covers all aspects of the fate and removal of PPCPs in the whole water cycle: consumption and occurrence, analytical methods, the legal background, environmental risk assessment, human and animal toxicology, source control options, wastewater and drinking water treatment as well as indirect reuse. The book presents a summary of the results obtained during the EU project "Poseidon", combined with further expert knowledge on the field, and is written at a level appropriate for professionals involved in management of water resource quality. Professionals in the field including decision makers, engineers and scientists, as well as students entering the field, will find this an invaluable source of information. First comprehensive study on the assessment, fate and removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in wastewater and drinking water treatment. Emphasises the importance of micropollutants in the water cycle, provides methods for quantifying their fate and technologies for their removal.
Author: Vipin Kumar Singh
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030632490
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 413
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Book Description
This book reviews contaminants of emerging nature affecting the agroecosystem and includes important information regarding the their sources, types, transportation, environmental threats and strategies to decontaminate the affected agroecosystems. The contents of this volume will help the policy makers and environmental engineers in combating the continuously rising threats to cultivated ecosystems.
