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Author: CV Ratnavathi
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128031824
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 359
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Book Description
Sorghum Biochemistry: An Industrial Perspective explores the many uses for sorghum in industry and biofuels. Not only does it offer a detailed understanding of the physical and biochemical qualities of the grain, it also takes an in-depth look at the role sorghum plays in such industries as brewing and ethanol production and the mechanics of post-harvest processing and value addition. Sorghum has long been an important staple in Africa and Asia, but its value goes far beyond its uses in human and animal consumption. Sorghum is also used in many industries, including waxes, packing material, wall board, ethanol, beverages, and brewing, and one variety called sweet sorghum has also been used as a bioenergy crop. Sorghum Biochemistry: An Industrial Perspective offers a closer look at how the grain is used in such a variety of ways, and how we can continue to optimize its potential. Provides detailed biochemical studies on grain sorghum to inform researchers grappling with similar issues Offers foundational information on the quality and composition of sorghum as a grain Covers a variety of uses for sorghum in many industries, including food and beverage, energy, and brewing Includes photos and illustrations to enhance the understanding of processes and sorghum biochemistry
Author: CV Ratnavathi
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128031824
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 359
Get Book Here
Book Description
Sorghum Biochemistry: An Industrial Perspective explores the many uses for sorghum in industry and biofuels. Not only does it offer a detailed understanding of the physical and biochemical qualities of the grain, it also takes an in-depth look at the role sorghum plays in such industries as brewing and ethanol production and the mechanics of post-harvest processing and value addition. Sorghum has long been an important staple in Africa and Asia, but its value goes far beyond its uses in human and animal consumption. Sorghum is also used in many industries, including waxes, packing material, wall board, ethanol, beverages, and brewing, and one variety called sweet sorghum has also been used as a bioenergy crop. Sorghum Biochemistry: An Industrial Perspective offers a closer look at how the grain is used in such a variety of ways, and how we can continue to optimize its potential. Provides detailed biochemical studies on grain sorghum to inform researchers grappling with similar issues Offers foundational information on the quality and composition of sorghum as a grain Covers a variety of uses for sorghum in many industries, including food and beverage, energy, and brewing Includes photos and illustrations to enhance the understanding of processes and sorghum biochemistry
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 24
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Book Description
The development of a robust source of renewable transportation fuel will require a large amount of biomass feedstocks. It is generally accepted that in addition to agricultural and forestry residues, we will need crops grown specifically for subsequent conversion into fuels. There has been a lot of research on several of these so-called "dedicated bioenergy crops" including switchgrass, miscanthus, sugarcane, and poplar. It is likely that all of these crops will end up playing a role as feedstocks, depending on local environmental and market conditions. Many different types of sorghum have been grown to produce syrup, grain, and animal feed for many years. It has several features that may make it as compelling as other crops mentioned above as a renewable, sustainable biomass feedstock; however, very little work has been done to investigate sorghum as a dedicated bioenergy crop. The goal of this project was to investigate the feasibility of using sorghum biomass to produce ethanol. The work performed included a detailed examination of the agronomics and composition of a large number of sorghum varieties, laboratory experiments to convert sorghum to ethanol, and economic and life-cycle analyses of the sorghum-to-ethanol process. This work showed that sorghum has a very wide range of composition, which depended on the specific sorghum cultivar as well as the growing conditions. The results of laboratory- and pilot-scale experiments indicated that a typical high-biomass sorghum variety performed very similarly to corn stover during the multi-step process required to convert biomass feedstocks to ethanol; yields of ethanol for sorghum were very similar to the corn stover used as a control in these experiments. Based on multi-year agronomic data and theoretical ethanol production, sorghum can achieve more than 1,300 gallons of ethanol per acre given the correct genetics and environment. In summary, sorghum may be a compelling dedicated bioenergy crop that could help provide a major portion of the feedstocks required to produce renewable domestic transportation fuels.
Author: Sirinuch Chindaruska
Publisher: Lampi di stampa
ISBN: 8848807437
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 129
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Book Description
In the recent years there is a growing worldwide interest in the use of biofuels as they can reduce the CO 2 emissions of fuels used in transportation, diversify energy procurement, contribute to a longterm replacement for oil and offer new earning opportunuties for the rural sector. This book by dr. Sirinuch Chindaruksa and dr. Michela Pin represents a humble, but effective and timely, contribution to assessing the role that biofuels can play. It is devoted to a careful discussion of sweet sorghum as a suitable (profitable, promising) raw material for bioethanol production, including the analysis of a small scale plant. Sirinuch Chindaruksa e Michela Pin in modo semplice, danno un contributo all’attualissimo e diffuso argomento dell’uso di biocarburanti nei mezzi di trasporto al fine di ridurre l’emissione di CO2. Nel libro è esposta un’argomentazione accurata sul sorgo zuccherino come materia prima idonea ed economicamente vantaggiosa nella produzione di bioetanolo.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
The goal of this project was to investigate the feasibility of using sorghum to produce ethanol. The work performed included a detailed examination of the agronomics and composition of a large number of sorghum varieties, laboratory experiments to convert sorghum to ethanol, and economic and life-cycle analyses of the sorghum-to-ethanol process. This work showed that sorghum has a very wide rangeof composition, which depended on the specific sorghum cultivar as well as the growing conditions. The results of laboratory- and pilot-scale experiments indicated that a typical high-biomass sorghum variety performed very similarly to corn stover during the multi-step process required to convert biomass feedstocks to ethanol; yields of ethanol for sorghum were very similar to the corn stoverused as a control in these experiments. Based on multi-year agronomic data and theoretical ethanol production, sorghum can achieve more than 1,300 gallons of ethanol per acre given the correct genetics and environment. In summary, sorghum may be a compelling dedicated bioenergy crop that could help provide a portion of the feedstocks required to produce renewable domestic transportation fuels.
Author: Yogalakshmi Kadapakkam Nandabalan
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9811686823
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 595
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Book Description
This book is a compilation of process, technologies and value added products such as high value biochemicals and biofuels produced from different waste biorefineries. The book is sectioned into four categories providing a comprehensive outlook about zero waste biorefinery and technologies associated with it. The emerging technologies that potentially put back the lignocellulosic waste, municipal solid waste and food waste into intrinsic recycling for production of high value biochemicals and bioenergy, along with associated challenges and opportunities are also included. The content also focuses on algal biorefineries leading to sustainable circular economy through production of broad spectrum of bioactive compounds, bioethanol, biobutanol, biohydrogen, biodiesel through integrated biorefinery approach. The volume also includes chapters on conversion technologies and mathematical models applied for process optimization. A sound foundation about the underlying principles of biorefineries and a up-to-date state-of-the-art based overview on the latest advances in terms of scientific knowledge, techno-economic developments and life cycle assessment methodologies of integrated waste biorefinery is provided. This volume will be of great interest to professionals, post-graduate students and policy makers involved in waste management, biorefineries, circular economy and sustainable development.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309176891
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 405
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Book Description
Scenes of starvation have drawn the world's attention to Africa's agricultural and environmental crisis. Some observers question whether this continent can ever hope to feed its growing population. Yet there is an overlooked food resource in sub-Saharan Africa that has vast potential: native food plants. When experts were asked to nominate African food plants for inclusion in a new book, a list of 30 species grew quickly to hundreds. All in all, Africa has more than 2,000 native grains and fruitsâ€""lost" species due for rediscovery and exploitation. This volume focuses on native cereals, including: African rice, reserved until recently as a luxury food for religious rituals. Finger millet, neglected internationally although it is a staple for millions. Fonio (acha), probably the oldest African cereal and sometimes called "hungry rice." Pearl millet, a widely used grain that still holds great untapped potential. Sorghum, with prospects for making the twenty-first century the "century of sorghum." Tef, in many ways ideal but only now enjoying budding commercial production. Other cultivated and wild grains. This readable and engaging book dispels myths, often based on Western bias, about the nutritional value, flavor, and yield of these African grains. Designed as a tool for economic development, the volume is organized with increasing levels of detail to meet the needs of both lay and professional readers. The authors present the available information on where and how each grain is grown, harvested, and processed, and they list its benefits and limitations as a food source. The authors describe "next steps" for increasing the use of each grain, outline research needs, and address issues in building commercial production. Sidebars cover such interesting points as the potential use of gene mapping and other "high-tech" agricultural techniques on these grains. This fact-filled volume will be of great interest to agricultural experts, entrepreneurs, researchers, and individuals concerned about restoring food production, environmental health, and economic opportunity in sub-Saharan Africa. Selection, Newbridge Garden Book Club
Author: John A. Veracruz
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 262
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Book Description
Between 2012 and 2013 the world increased biofuel consumption by 6.1% and if forecasts hold, according to the International Energy Agency, by 2050 27% of the world’s transport energy will come from biofuels. Rather than succumb to a shortage of corn, alternative feedstocks must gain the same traction corn has gained within the ethanol production industry. When considering an alternative feedstock what must also be considered it is that energy output from ethanol production exceeds the energy needed to produce one liter of alcohol. With origins traced back to Africa, sweet sorghum, or Sorghum bicolor(L) Moench, has gained traction as a viable ethanol feedstock due to the plant’s ability to reach a harvest maturity in as little as four months. With similarities to that of sugarcane, sweet sorghum’s stalk contains a relatively balanced amount of both insoluble and soluble carbohydrates. Although sweet sorghum will flourish with the appropriate amount of water, its drought resistance provides versatility other ethanol feedstocks do not possess. However, lower inputs, drought resistance, and the ability to grow on fallow land are all meaningless if growers miss a relatively short harvesting window, or even worse, allow fermentable sugars to decay by not expediting fermentation. If sweet sorghum ethanol is to displace any amount of corn and prove its feedstock viability, its energy balance must show more energy is output than is input. By using a bottom-up matrix based approach using energy return rations (ERRs), a product’s system may be evaluated to determine its usefulness to society. The Brandt et al. framework requires the creation of two matrices; a technology matrix, A, and an intervention matrix, B. Devising information from these matrices requires the use of three main vectors which serve as the foundation for calculating the desired ERR. Using this method in conjunction with four ERRs allows the study of energy processes used to create inputs for sweet sorghum pathways and possibly allude to how this energy is used to eliminate waste or improve efficiency through cleaner energy sources.
Author: Ramesh C. Ray
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128137673
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 472
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Book Description
Bioethanol Production from Food Crops: Sustainable Sources, Interventions and Challenges comprehensively covers the global scenario of ethanol production from both food and non-food crops and other sources. The book guides readers through the balancing of the debate on food vs. fuel, giving important insights into resource management and the environmental and economic impact of this balance between demands. Sections cover Global Bioethanol from Food Crops and Forest Resource, Bioethanol from Bagasse and Lignocellulosic wastes, Bioethanol from algae, and Economics and Challenges, presenting a multidisciplinary approach to this complex topic. As biofuels continue to grow as a vital alternative energy source, it is imperative that the proper balance is reached between resource protection and human survival. This book provides important insights into achieving that balance. - Presents technological interventions in ethanol production, from plant biomass, to food crops - Addresses food security issues arising from bioethanol production - Identifies development bottlenecks and areas where collaborative efforts can help develop more cost-effective technology
Author: Sergio Capareda
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1466513330
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 649
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Book Description
The potential that biomass energy has to supplement traditional fuels and reduce greenhouse gas emissions has put it front and center in the plan to replace fossil-based fuels with renewable fuels. While much has been written about biomass conversions, no single textbook contains all the information needed to teach a biomass conversion course—until now. Introduction to Biomass Energy Conversions presents a comprehensive review of biomass resources available for conversion into heat, power, and biofuels. The textbook covers biomass characterization and discusses facilities, equipment, and standards (e.g. ASTM or NREL) used for analysis. It examines the range of biomass resources available for conversion and presents traditional biomass conversion processes along with extensive biomass characterization data tables, illustrations, and graphical presentations of the various biomass energy conversion processes. The author also describes how to set up a laboratory for biomass energy conversion, and presents economics and sustainability issues. Loaded with real-world examples, the text includes numerous worked examples and problems in each chapter. No one knows what the price of oil will be next year or in future decades. It is governed by many factors other than supply and demand (politics, wars, etc.), however, whatever the future of energy is, bio-fuels will play an important role. This technical guide prepares students for managing bio-refineries, no matter what type of bio-fuel is produced. It also provides practicing engineers with a resource for starting a small bio-fuel business.
Author: Michael Joseph William Maw
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 147
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Book Description
High Biomass Sorghum (HBS) has potential for production as a biofuel feedstock in Missouri, but little is known of the crop’s yield and appropriate nitrogen (N) management for optimizing ethanol yields, especially in a low-input cropping system on marginal lands. This dissertation is a collection of four studies examining the potential for HBS (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) to be adopted as a biofuel feedstock for ethanol production in the Midwestern U.S. Limited research exists of studying HBS crop yield response to N fertilizer in the Midwest to determine the optimum N rate for maximizing N recovery efficiency (NRE) and N use efficiency (NUE). The first study tested the effects of five N fertilizer rates (0, 56, 112, 168, 224 kg N ha-1 ) on the production of two HBS hybrids (ES 5200 and ES 5201) over two years in central Missouri. Yields of stem and leaf dry matter (DM), and lignocellulosic ethanol (LEY) were measured. Tissue N concentration of leaves and stems were used to calculate N content, NRE, and physiological NUE. Yield of HBS was greatest at 56 kg N ha-1 and above, but NRE and NUE decreased at higher N rates. Reduced rainfall in the second year contributed to no N response in yield. The second study determined the corresponding HBS leaf and stem concentration and contents of 11 macro- and micronutrients from the first study above. Response to N fertilizer rate was controlled by differences between years in rainfall. Reduced DM in the second year resulted in increased concentrations, but less elemental uptake and a resultant delayed N response demonstrate the strong link between nutrient uptake and plant growth following the precipitation. A desire to test HBS yield against other annual bioenergy crops led to the third study, which included establishing long-term research plots at two marginal sites, in central Missouri and southwest Missouri, comparing HBS to maize (Zea mays L.) and sweet sorghum for potential ethanol yield in five years (2010-2014) given minimal inputs. Each crop was planted in a two-year rotation with soybean (Glycine max L.). Theoretical ethanol yields of sweet sorghum and HBS were similar and greater than maize at both locations. Drought severely limited yields of all three crop rotations, but HBS was the most stable in yield across the five years. These results provided a beginning understanding of the stability of HBS on marginal Missouri cropland. Study four involved collecting soil cores from each of the crop plots in study three in 2010, 2011, and 2014 to understand the impact of HBS, compared to maize and sweet sorghum, on soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration and stock, as well as the labile soil carbon fraction (AC). Concentrations of SOC and AC within all crop plots decreased over the first two years at both sites, but after five years the SOC concentrations returned to levels similar to initial 2010 levels, while the AC concentrations decreased. The southwestern Missouri site had a slight positive trend in AC concentration from 2011 to 2014, suggesting beneficial effects from the biofuel feedstocks. Due to the occurrence of drought during the study, the findings have relevance for evaluating land management impacts on SOC in a changing climate. High biomass sorghum is a high-yielding biomass feedstock that shows promise for production in Missouri, especially on marginal lands. Even moderate rates of N fertilizer have the potential to positively increase DM and theoretical ethanol yield in adequate rainfall years. However, intensive nutrient management may prove necessary with continual DM removal. The short-term trend of HBS stemming SOC loss compared to maize production on marginal sites provides support for continued research into the potential for HBS production in Missouri.
