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Author: Margaret Kathleen Bohan
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780494210062
Category : Combustion
Languages : en
Pages : 150
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Book Description
Understanding the factors that effect soot formation is essential to development of predictive models and the design of combustion processes that reduce the formation of particulates. Synergistic effects in flames of gas mixtures, increases in soot volume fraction that are higher than would be expected based on the soot volume fractions in the pure gas flames, have been observed in previous studies. The two isomers of butane were chosen to eliminate changes in flame carbon content, mass flow rate, and adiabatic flame temperature that are normally encountered when comparing flames of pure gases to flames of gas mixtures, and which also effect soot formation. A co-flow annular burner and a line-of-sight attenuation apparatus were used to produce radially-resolved soot volume fraction measurements. The experimental results give further insight into the sooting propensities of isobutane and n-butane, as well as their effect soot formation in ethylene and methane flames.
Author: Margaret Kathleen Bohan
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780494210062
Category : Combustion
Languages : en
Pages : 150
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Book Description
Understanding the factors that effect soot formation is essential to development of predictive models and the design of combustion processes that reduce the formation of particulates. Synergistic effects in flames of gas mixtures, increases in soot volume fraction that are higher than would be expected based on the soot volume fractions in the pure gas flames, have been observed in previous studies. The two isomers of butane were chosen to eliminate changes in flame carbon content, mass flow rate, and adiabatic flame temperature that are normally encountered when comparing flames of pure gases to flames of gas mixtures, and which also effect soot formation. A co-flow annular burner and a line-of-sight attenuation apparatus were used to produce radially-resolved soot volume fraction measurements. The experimental results give further insight into the sooting propensities of isobutane and n-butane, as well as their effect soot formation in ethylene and methane flames.
Author: Ahmet Emre Karatas
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780494592069
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 206
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Book Description
In the formation process of soot in the flames of even-carbon-numbered fuels, acetylene and its derivatives are suspected to be dominant. The addition of an odd-carbon-numbered fuel into these flames introduces methyl radicals and/or C3 chemistries, which are believed to (de)activate certain chemical pathways towards the production of soot. The resultant soot formation rate of the mixture could be higher than the sum of the respective rates of the mixture components, i.e., synergistic effect.In this work, the mixtures of butane isomers, ethylene-butane isomers, and propane-butane isomers were studied on a co-flow and a counterflow burner. Chemical effects were isolated from those of thermal and dilution by mixing isomers and comparing the mixtures including one isomer to those including the counterpart. Line of sight attenuation (LOSA) and laser-light extinction techniques were used for measuring soot volume fraction. The results provide information on synergistic effects in soot formation for the fuels used.
Author: Ahmet Emre Karatas
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
In the formation process of soot in the flames of even-carbon-numbered fuels, acetylene and its derivatives are suspected to be dominant. The addition of an odd-carbon-numbered fuel into these flames introduces methyl radicals and/or C3 chemistries, which are believed to (de)activate certain chemical pathways towards the production of soot. The resultant soot formation rate of the mixture could be higher than the sum of the respective rates of the mixture components, i.e., synergistic eff ect. In this work, the mixtures of butane isomers, ethylene-butane isomers, and propane-butane isomers were studied on a co-flow and a counterflow burner. Chemical effects were isolated from those of thermal and dilution by mixing isomers and comparing the mixtures including one isomer to those including the counterpart. Line of sight attenuation (LOSA) and laser-light extinction techniques were used for measuring soot volume fraction. The results provide information on synergistic effects in soot formation for the fuels used.
Author: Guozheng Lin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Flame
Languages : en
Pages : 568
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Book Description
Author: Henning Bockhorn
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642851673
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 595
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Book Description
Soot Formation in Combustion represents an up-to-date overview. The contributions trace back to the 1991 Heidelberg symposium entitled "Mechanism and Models of Soot Formation" and have all been reedited by Prof. Bockhorn in close contact with the original authors. The book gives an easy introduction to the field for newcomers, and provides detailed treatments for the specialists. The following list of contents illustrates the topics under review:
Author: eO L. Geulder
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Marthinus Christoffel Stander de Beer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Numerical methods to predict soot formation often rely on the use of large detailed chemical mechanisms that can make the numerical simulations very computationally expensive. This study aims to address this issue by employing several chemistry tabulation methods and assessing their capabilities when applied to the prediction of soot in laminar coflow diffusion flames. The tabulation methods considered herein include: the flame-prolongation of intrinsic low dimensional manifold (FPI) method, the steady laminar flamelet method (SLFM), and the flamelet/progress variable (FPV) method. Various techniques for coupling the tabulation methods to soot models are investigated. Flames involving pure methane, and methane/ethanol fuel mixtures are evaluated at both 1 and 4 atm, and a Jet-A surrogate fuelled flame is tested at 1 atm. The tabulation methods are compared to results obtained using the full detailed chemical mechanisms and to experimental results. The relative strengths and weaknesses of the various tabulation methods are discussed.
Author: Changlie Wey
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Soot
Languages : en
Pages : 386
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Author: J. Lahaye
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1468444638
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 429
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Book Description
Our interest in Mulhouse for carbon black and soot began some 30 years ago when J.B. Donnet developed the concept of surface chemistry of carbon and its involvement in interactions with gas, liquid and solid phases. In the late sixties, we began to study soot formation in pyrolytic systems and later on in flames. The idea of organ1z1ng a meeting on soot formation originated some four or five years ago, through discussions among Professor J.B. Howard, Dr. A. D'Alessio and ourselves. At that time the scientific community was becoming aware of the necessity to strictly control soot formation and emission. Being involved in the study of surface properties of carbon black as well as of formation of soot, we realized that the combustion community was not always fully aware of the progress made by the physical-chemists on carbon black. Reciprocally, the carbon specialists were often ignoring the research carried out on soot in flames. One objective of this workshop was to stimulate discussions between these two scientific communities. During the preparation of the meeting, and especially during the review process by the Material Science Committee of the Scientific Affairs Division of N.A.T.O. the toxicological aspect emerged as being an important component to be addressed during the workshop. To reflect these preoccupations we invited biologists, physical chemists and engineers, all leaders in their field. The final programme is a compromise of the different aspects of the subject and was divided in five sessions.
Author: Peter Bradford Sunderland
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 262
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Book Description
