Solution-processable Oligomeric and Small Molecule Semiconductors for Organic Solar Cells PDF Download
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Author: Mylène Le Borgne
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Oligomers
Languages : en
Pages : 167
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Book Description
Organic solar cells appear as a promising technology within photovoltaic field owing to their low-cost fabrication and their great flexibility enabling a widespread distribution. For now, they are still at the prototype stage due to their limited efficiency and lifetimes. Many efforts were realized in designing new materials as they are involved in every steps of the photovoltaic process and thus they dictate the cell efficiency. Along this thesis, two series of electron-donating semi-conductors were designed and synthesized. The first series consist in three oligomers containing three diketopyrrolopyrrole units, a well-studied chromophore. Those oligomers absorb up to the near infra-red region, a very interesting feature for light harvesting. Through the engineering of electron-rich spacers, various twists were generated in the oligomers backbone. The oligomer showing a coplanar conformation appears to be the most crystalline and thus exhibits the best charge transport properties with a hole mobility of 10-3 cm2.V-1.s-1. However, bulk heterojunction organic solar cells, this high crystallinity results in an unfavorable morphology and a PCE inferior to 1%. As for the second series, the four small molecules combined 3,3'-(ethane-1,2-diylidene)bis(indolin-2-one) (EBI), an electron deficient unit, and various electron-rich units such as thiophene (EBI-T), benzofuran (EBI-BF) and bithiophene (EBI-2T). Among EBI derivatives, EBI-BF demonstrated the highest hole mobility of 0.021 cm2.V-1.s-1 in field effect transistors due to its coplanar conformation. Meanwhile, in bulk heterojunction solar cells, the highest PCE of 1.92% was obtained with EBI-2T:PC61BM blend owing to a more appropriate morphology and the broadest absorption spectrum of EBI-2T.
Author: Mylène Le Borgne
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Oligomers
Languages : en
Pages : 167
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Book Description
Organic solar cells appear as a promising technology within photovoltaic field owing to their low-cost fabrication and their great flexibility enabling a widespread distribution. For now, they are still at the prototype stage due to their limited efficiency and lifetimes. Many efforts were realized in designing new materials as they are involved in every steps of the photovoltaic process and thus they dictate the cell efficiency. Along this thesis, two series of electron-donating semi-conductors were designed and synthesized. The first series consist in three oligomers containing three diketopyrrolopyrrole units, a well-studied chromophore. Those oligomers absorb up to the near infra-red region, a very interesting feature for light harvesting. Through the engineering of electron-rich spacers, various twists were generated in the oligomers backbone. The oligomer showing a coplanar conformation appears to be the most crystalline and thus exhibits the best charge transport properties with a hole mobility of 10-3 cm2.V-1.s-1. However, bulk heterojunction organic solar cells, this high crystallinity results in an unfavorable morphology and a PCE inferior to 1%. As for the second series, the four small molecules combined 3,3'-(ethane-1,2-diylidene)bis(indolin-2-one) (EBI), an electron deficient unit, and various electron-rich units such as thiophene (EBI-T), benzofuran (EBI-BF) and bithiophene (EBI-2T). Among EBI derivatives, EBI-BF demonstrated the highest hole mobility of 0.021 cm2.V-1.s-1 in field effect transistors due to its coplanar conformation. Meanwhile, in bulk heterojunction solar cells, the highest PCE of 1.92% was obtained with EBI-2T:PC61BM blend owing to a more appropriate morphology and the broadest absorption spectrum of EBI-2T.
Author: Chuanlang Zhan
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889459802
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 184
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Book Description
Author: Beata Luszczynska
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527814949
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 688
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Book Description
Provides first-hand insights into advanced fabrication techniques for solution processable organic electronics materials and devices The field of printable organic electronics has emerged as a technology which plays a major role in materials science research and development. Printable organic electronics soon compete with, and for specific applications can even outpace, conventional semiconductor devices in terms of performance, cost, and versatility. Printing techniques allow for large-scale fabrication of organic electronic components and functional devices for use as wearable electronics, health-care sensors, Internet of Things, monitoring of environment pollution and many others, yet-to-be-conceived applications. The first part of Solution-Processable Components for Organic Electronic Devices covers the synthesis of: soluble conjugated polymers; solution-processable nanoparticles of inorganic semiconductors; high-k nanoparticles by means of controlled radical polymerization; advanced blending techniques yielding novel materials with extraordinary properties. The book also discusses photogeneration of charge carriers in nanostructured bulk heterojunctions and charge carrier transport in multicomponent materials such as composites and nanocomposites as well as photovoltaic devices modelling. The second part of the book is devoted to organic electronic devices, such as field effect transistors, light emitting diodes, photovoltaics, photodiodes and electronic memory devices which can be produced by solution-based methods, including printing and roll-to-roll manufacturing. The book provides in-depth knowledge for experienced researchers and for those entering the field. It comprises 12 chapters focused on: ? novel organic electronics components synthesis and solution-based processing techniques ? advanced analysis of mechanisms governing charge carrier generation and transport in organic semiconductors and devices ? fabrication techniques and characterization methods of organic electronic devices Providing coverage of the state of the art of organic electronics, Solution-Processable Components for Organic Electronic Devices is an excellent book for materials scientists, applied physicists, engineering scientists, and those working in the electronics industry.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Run-Wei Li
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0429602685
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 271
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Book Description
With the recently well developed areas of Internet of Thing, consumer wearable gadgets and artificial intelligence, flexible and stretchable electronic devices have spurred great amount of interest from both the global scientific and industrial communities. As an emerging technology, flexible and stretchable electronics requires the scale-span fabrication of devices involving nano-features, microstructures and macroscopic large area manufacturing. The key factor behind covers the organic, inorganic and nano materials that exhibit completely different mechanical and electrical properties, as well as the accurate interfacial control between these components. Based on the fusion of chemistry, physics, biology, materials science and information technology, this review volume will try to offer a timely and comprehensive overview on the flexible and stretchable electronic materials and devices. The book will cover the working principle, materials selection, device fabrication and applications of electronic components of transistors, solar cells, memories, sensors, supercapacitors, circuits and etc.
Author: Louis A. Perez
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781321202779
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 179
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Book Description
Solution processed organic photovoltaic devices (OPVs) have emerged as a promising sustainable energy technology due to their ease of fabrication, potential to enable low-cost manufacturing, and ability to be incorporated onto light-weight flexible substrates. To date, the most efficacious OPV device architecture, the bulk heterojunction (BHJ), consists of a blend of a light-harvesting conjugated organic electron donating molecule and a strong electron-accepting compound (usually a soluble fullerene derivative e.g. [6,6]-phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM).
Author: Yongfang Li
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319168622
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 402
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Book Description
This volume reviews the latest trends in organic optoelectronic materials. Each comprehensive chapter allows graduate students and newcomers to the field to grasp the basics, whilst also ensuring that they have the most up-to-date overview of the latest research. Topics include: organic conductors and semiconductors; conducting polymers and conjugated polymer semiconductors, as well as their applications in organic field-effect-transistors; organic light-emitting diodes; and organic photovoltaics and transparent conducting electrodes. The molecular structures, synthesis methods, physicochemical and optoelectronic properties of the organic optoelectronic materials are also introduced and described in detail. The authors also elucidate the structures and working mechanisms of organic optoelectronic devices and outline fundamental scientific problems and future research directions. This volume is invaluable to all those interested in organic optoelectronic materials.
Author: Mario Pagliaro
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527623795
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 202
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Book Description
With the decline in the world's natural resources, the need for new and cheaper energy sources is evolving. One such source is the sun which generates heat and light which can be harnessed and used to our advantage. This reference book introduces the topic of photovoltaics in the form of flexible solar cells. There are explanations of the principles behind this technology, the engineering required to produce these products and the future possibilities offered by this technology. The chemistry and physics of the cells (both organic and inorganic) are clarified as well as production methods, with information how this can then be applied to the nanoscale as well. A complete guide to this new and exciting way of producing energy which will be invaluable to a variety of people from material scientists, chemists, electrical engineers, to management consultants and politicians.
Author: Wolfgang Tress
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319100971
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 474
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Book Description
This book covers in a textbook-like fashion the basics or organic solar cells, addressing the limits of photovoltaic energy conversion and giving a well-illustrated introduction to molecular electronics with focus on the working principle and characterization of organic solar cells. Further chapters based on the author’s dissertation focus on the electrical processes in organic solar cells by presenting a detailed drift-diffusion approach to describe exciton separation and charge-carrier transport and extraction. The results, although elaborated on small-molecule solar cells and with focus on the zinc phthalocyanine: C60 material system, are of general nature. They propose and demonstrate experimental approaches for getting a deeper understanding of the dominating processes in amorphous thin-film based solar cells in general. The main focus is on the interpretation of the current-voltage characteristics (J-V curve). This very standard measurement technique for a solar cell reflects the electrical processes in the device. Comparing experimental to simulation data, the author discusses the reasons for S-Shaped J-V curves, the role of charge carrier mobilities and energy barriers at interfaces, the dominating recombination mechanisms, the charge carrier generation profile, and other efficiency-limiting processes in organic solar cells. The book concludes with an illustrative guideline on how to identify reasons for changes in the J-V curve. This book is a suitable introduction for students in engineering, physics, material science, and chemistry starting in the field of organic or hybrid thin-film photovoltaics. It is just as valuable for professionals and experimentalists who analyze solar cell devices.
Author: Zhenghao Mao
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 198
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Book Description
Organic solar cells (OSCs), consisted of carbon-based organic semiconductors, either polymers or small molecules, have recently attracted the attention of both academic and industry due to their unique properties such as easy processing, flexibility and scalability. One major limitation toward commercialization is the low power conversion efficiency (PCE) compared to inorganic solar cells. Thus, much research in this field is focused on improving the efficiency. A better understanding to the relationship between the properties of organic semiconductors and the solar device performance is required. In this thesis, perfluorinated-end modified poly(3-hexylthiophene), core-substituted naphthalene diimide, and Zn (II) complexes with azadipyrromethene were investigated. Their properties and applications in organic photovolatic (OPV) are discussed.Previous studies suggested that end-group modification of P3HT affects device efficiency, and that some fluorine in the end group slightly improve the efficiency. In order to further understand how perfluorinated end-groups affect device performance of blends of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and 1-(3-methoxycarbonyl) propyl-1-phenyl [6, 6] C61 (PCBM), we synthesized a series of well-defined P3HT with differing perfluoroalkyl length by Stille coupling of the bromine end of P3HT and stannylated 2-perfluoroalkylthiophene. The reactions occurred quantitatively, confirmed by 1H and 19F NMR spectroscopy, and by MALDI-ToF mass spectroscopy. Electron filtering transmission electron microscopy (EF-TEM) revealed that the polymer/PCBM phase separate on the nanoscale. However, solar cells of the modified P3HTs with PCBM had a lower power conversion efficiency than that of un-modified P3HT:PCBM, suggesting that perfluoroalkyl end-groups are detrimental to solar cell performance.The performance of solution-processed organic photovoltaic is seriously limited by the absorption and energy tuning potential of fullerene-based electron acceptors. Overcoming these limitations requires the development of non-fullerene acceptors. Core-substituted naphthalene diimides (cNDI) are good candidates as non-fullerene acceptors for organic photovoltaic, because they have high electron affinity, excellent electron transport properties, and tunable energy levels. We synthesized several cNDIs with different imide core substituents and different alkylamino substituents (RF1-6). Their optical and electrochemical properties and OPV device properties as electron acceptors were studied. Particularly, RF1 was investigated as electron accepting material for optimization of solar cells. The LUMO energy level of RF1 is -3.7 eV, higher than PCBM (-4.0 eV); correspondingly, a high Voc (~1 V) can be reached from blends of P3HT and RF1. The power conversion efficiency improves from 0.31% (as-casted) or 0.48% (pre-annealed) to 0.96% with a processing 1,8-diiodooctane(DIO) additive at an optimum concentration of 0.2 vol%. The results are explained by changes in morphology observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmitting electron microscopy (TEM) images. Charge transport properties were estimated by space-charge limited current (SCLC) model, indicating that the electron mobility determines the OSC performance.One reason why efficiency of non-fullerene based solar cell have been relatively low is partly because non-fullerene acceptors are often planar and tend to form unfavorable phase-separated domains when blended with typical donors. We synthesized and characterized a series of new solution-processable azadipyromethene-based complexes, Zn(WS1-5)2. These new complexes have high electron affinity and strong accepting properties, and behave as good electron acceptors in organic solar cells. The best device performance was obtained from Zn(WS3)2 acceptor. The 3D nature of this acceptor prevents crystallization and promotes a favorable nanoscale morphology to give a high PCE of 4.10%. The acceptor also significantly contributed to photocurrent generation by harvesting light between 600 nm and 800 nm. These results demonstrate a new paradigm to designing acceptors with tunable properties that can overcome the limitations of fullerenes.
