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Author: Tianhong Mu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 372
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Book Description
In this study, coal combustion by-products mainly fly ash, commercial fibers and a natural fiber i.e., human hair were applied to stabilize the kaolinite clay and local Carbondale soil i.e., silty clay. During recent decades, the demand for infrastructures such as highways, buildings, bridges have greatly increased, especially in the areas where population was growing rapidly. All of these infrastructures need a stable foundation and in many cases the original land couldn't sustain the load from the infrastructures. In such situation, soil stabilization becomes an essential step before the foundation is laid. There are several ways to stabilize soil, viz., mechanical stabilization, chemical stabilization, stabilization by inclusion and confinement etc. It has been reported by several researchers that fly ash and fibers can significantly improve the strength of soil. Fly ash and natural fiber i.e., human hair are both waste materials, and commercial fibers are low-cost compared to other soil stabilizers. In this study, class C fly ash was used to stabilize commercially available clay i.e., Kaolinite; while both human hair and commercially available fibers (e.g., glass fiber and plastic fiber) were used to stabilize Kaolinite and Carbondale local soil. Based on this research, it could be concluded that the class C fly ash can improve the Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) value of Kaolinite clay significantly; fibers also could increase the UCS value of both Kaolinite and Carbondale local soil. While, the tensile strength of Kaolinite and Carbondale local soil sometimes increases or decreases depending on the percentages of fiber content used into Kaolinite and Carbondale local soil. The current research on soil stabilization by fly ash and those fibers may provide a new possibility for soil stabilization.
Author: Tianhong Mu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 372
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Book Description
In this study, coal combustion by-products mainly fly ash, commercial fibers and a natural fiber i.e., human hair were applied to stabilize the kaolinite clay and local Carbondale soil i.e., silty clay. During recent decades, the demand for infrastructures such as highways, buildings, bridges have greatly increased, especially in the areas where population was growing rapidly. All of these infrastructures need a stable foundation and in many cases the original land couldn't sustain the load from the infrastructures. In such situation, soil stabilization becomes an essential step before the foundation is laid. There are several ways to stabilize soil, viz., mechanical stabilization, chemical stabilization, stabilization by inclusion and confinement etc. It has been reported by several researchers that fly ash and fibers can significantly improve the strength of soil. Fly ash and natural fiber i.e., human hair are both waste materials, and commercial fibers are low-cost compared to other soil stabilizers. In this study, class C fly ash was used to stabilize commercially available clay i.e., Kaolinite; while both human hair and commercially available fibers (e.g., glass fiber and plastic fiber) were used to stabilize Kaolinite and Carbondale local soil. Based on this research, it could be concluded that the class C fly ash can improve the Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) value of Kaolinite clay significantly; fibers also could increase the UCS value of both Kaolinite and Carbondale local soil. While, the tensile strength of Kaolinite and Carbondale local soil sometimes increases or decreases depending on the percentages of fiber content used into Kaolinite and Carbondale local soil. The current research on soil stabilization by fly ash and those fibers may provide a new possibility for soil stabilization.
Author: Sanjoy Das Gupta
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781303919237
Category : Clay soils
Languages : en
Pages : 50
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Book Description
This study describes the laboratory evaluation of the effects of the size and type of randomly oriented fibers on the strength and failure strain of fly ash stabilized high plasticity soil. Three different lengths of 12 mm, 25 mm, and 50 mm of two types of fibers, one with low and the other with high tensile strength were mixed (1%) with high plasticity clay soil and Class C fly ash (10%). The mixtures were prepared with water content 4% higher than the optimum (to achieve maximum strength) and compacted to prepare specimens with the same dry unit weight for unconfined compression test and split tensile test. After curing all specimens for seven days, the specimens were subjected to laboratory testing. The fiber inclusions increased the peak compressive strength of fly ash stabilized soils as much as 30% for polypropylene (black) fibers and 50% for polyethylene (white) fibers. Similarly, the strength at 15% strain increased from 0 to 34 psi for Black Fiber and 26 psi for White fiber. The strength of soil increases as the fiber length was increased from 0 to 25 mm, and then remains the same for Black fibers and decreases slightly for White fibers as the fiber length was increased from 25 to 50 mm. The 25 mm fiber specimens, which has an aspect ratio between the fiber lengths and the minimum dimension of the specimen of 0.44, showed the maximum enhancement of strength for both compressive and tensile strength. The slight decrease in compressive strength with 50 mm fiber (aspect ratio of 0.89) specimens might be due to the boundary effect and lower number (50% of 25 mm fiber and 25% of 12 mm fiber) of fibers along the failure plane. The 12 mm fiber specimen, which has an aspect ratio between the fiber length and the minimum dimension of the specimen of 0.22, showed minimum increase in failure strain and the failure occurred due to pullout of the fibers, whereas the 25 mm fiber (aspect ratio of 0.44) and 50 mm fiber (aspect ratio of 0.89) specimens showed the maximum increase in failure strain, and failure did not occur even at 15% strain. The length of fiber has a relatively lower impact on gaining strength, but has pronounced effect on failure strength or the ductility of the soil, which is usually severely compromised due to fly ash stabilization of high plasticity soil. The failure strain increased at least 132% when the 1 inch fiber was used. The fiber increased the tensile strength of fly ash stabilized soils as much as 70% for Black fibers and 80% for White fibers. Similar to the compressive strength, the tensile strength of soil increased as the fiber length was increased from 0 to 25 mm, and then remains the same for Black fibers and decreases slightly for White fibers at a fiber length of 50 mm. The 25 mm fiber specimens, which have an aspect ratio between the fiber lengths and the minimum dimension of the specimen of 0.36, showed the maximum enhancement of tensile strength for both types of fibers. The slight decrease in tensile strength with 50 mm fiber (aspect ratio of 0.72) specimens might be due to boundary effect and lower number (50% of 25 mm fiber and 25% of 12 mm fiber) of fibers along the failure plane. The tensile strength and the elastic modulus are much higher for White fibers compare to those of the Black fibers. However, the weight of White fibers is approximately seven times higher than Black fiber, and the 1% fiber content yields seven times more Black fibers than White fibers. Although the pullout resistance of White fibers is approximately 3 to 4 times higher than the Black fibers, but the Black fibers outnumbered the White fibers approximately seven times and this ultimately compensates for the lower pullout resistance compared to the White fibers where pullout is the primary reason of failure such as in split tensile test of soil stabilized with fly ash and 13 mm fiber and performed almost similarly to White fibers. The White fiber showed slightly higher compressive and tensile strengths where tensile strength and elastic modulus of the fiber is more important to resist failure, such as for soils stabilized with 25 mm and 50 mm fibers because of its higher tensile strength and elastic modulus.
Author: Chester W. Jones
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Fly ash
Languages : en
Pages : 34
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Book Description
Author: Sanjay Kumar Shukla
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9811030634
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 191
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Book Description
This book is intended to serve as a one-stop reference on fibre-reinforced soils. Over the past 30-35 years, the engineering behaviour of randomly distributed/oriented fibre-reinforced soil, also called simply fibre-reinforced soil, has been investigated in detail by researchers and engineers worldwide. Waste fibres (plastic waste fibres, old tyre fibres, etc.) create disposal and environmental problems. Utilization of such fibres in construction can help resolve these concerns. Research studies and some field applications have shown that the fibres can be utilized in large quantities in geotechnical and civil engineering applications in a cost-effective and environmentally friendly manner. This book covers a complete description of fibres, their effects when included within a soil or other similar materials such as the fly ash, and their field applications. It gives a detailed view of fibre-reinforced soil engineering. The book will be useful to students, professional, and researchers alike, and can also serve as a text for graduate coursework and professional development programs
Author: C. N. V. Satyanarayana Reddy
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9811618313
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 788
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Book Description
This volume comprises the select proceedings of the Indian Geotechnical Conference (IGC) 2020. The contents focus on recent developments in geotechnical engineering for sustainable tomorrow. The volume covers the topics related advances in ground improvement of weak foundation soils for various civil engineering projects and design/construction of reinforced soil structures with different fill materials using synthetic and natural reinforcements in different forms.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Fly ash
Languages : en
Pages : 182
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Book Description
Soil treated with self-cementing fly ash is increasingly being used in Iowa to stabilize pavement subgrades, but without a complete understanding of the short- and long-term behavior. To develop a broader understanding of fly ash engineering properties, mixtures of five different soil types, ranging from ML to CH, and several different fly ash sources (including hydrated and conditioned fly ashes) were evaluated.
Author: Kevan D. Sharp
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 136
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Book Description
"Fly Ash for Soil Improvement provides civil and geotechnical engineers with a contemporary review of the beneficial uses of fly ash for both general construction purposes and for waste containment/soil stabilization. Peer-reviewed papers describe the use of self-cementing fly ashes as a soil stabilization agent; fly ash stabilization of tropical Hawaiian soils, south Texas soils, and industrial wastes; enzyme-enhanced stabilization; lime sludge amended fly ash; calcareous expansive clays; and engineering properties of a clay modified by fly ash and slag."--BOOK JACKET.Title Summary field provided by Blackwell North America, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Author: National Research Council (U.S.). Highway Research Board
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Fly ash
Languages : en
Pages : 94
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Book Description
Author: John Michael Pitt
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Fly ash
Languages : en
Pages : 196
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Book Description
Previous Iowa DOT sponsored research has shown that some Class C fly ashes are ementitious (because calcium is combined as calcium aluminates) while other Class C ashes containing similar amounts of elemental calcium are not (1). Fly ashes from modern power plants in Iowa contain significant amounts of calcium in their glassy phases, regardless of their cementitious properties. The present research was based on these findings and on the hyphothesis that: attack of the amorphous phase of high calcium fly ash could be initiated with trace additives, thus making calcium available for formation of useful calcium-silicate cements. Phase I research was devoted to finding potential additives through a screening process; the likely chemicals were tested with fly ashes representative of the cementitious and non-cementitious ashes available in the state. Ammonium phosphate, a fertilizer, was found to produce 3,600 psi cement with cementitious Neal #4 fly ash; this strength is roughly equivalent to that of portland cement, but at about one-third the cost. Neal #2 fly ash, a slightly cementitious Class C, was found to respond best with ammonium nitrate; through the additive, a near-zero strength material was transformed into a 1,200 psi cement. The second research phase was directed to optimimizing trace additive concentrations, defining the behavior of the resulting cements, evaluating more comprehensively the fly ashes available in Iowa, and explaining the cement formation mechanisms of the most promising trace additives. X-ray diffraction data demonstrate that both amorphous and crystalline hydrates of chemically enhanced fly ash differ from those of unaltered fly ash hydrates. Calciumaluminum- silicate hydrates were formed, rather than the expected (and hypothesized) calcium-silicate hydrates. These new reaction products explain the observed strength enhancement. The final phase concentrated on laboratory application of the chemically-enhanced fly ash cements to road base stabilization. Emphasis was placed on use of marginal aggregates, such as limestone crusher fines and unprocessed blow sand. The nature of the chemically modified fly ash cements led to an evaluation of fine grained soil stabilization where a wide range of materials, defined by plasticity index, could be stabilized. Parameters used for evaluation included strength, compaction requirements, set time, and frost resistance.
Author: Erdem Onur Taştan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 254
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Book Description
