Soil and Runoff Phosphorus as Affected by Fertilizer and Manure Application PDF Download
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Author: Brett Lee Allen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 300
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Book Description
Fertilizer or manure applications are increasing soil P in agricultural fields. This study assessed the impact of P application on soil P fractions and P loss with surface runoff based on P rate field trials and both indoor and field rainfall simulations. Bray P, Mehlich-3 (M3) P, Olsen P, total P (TPS), and soil P saturation (Psat) estimated by M3 or oxalate extractable P, Fe, and Al molar ratios increased with cumulative P application (0 to 1098 kg P ha−1 after 4 to 23 yr) at plots from 11 trials. Soil test P, TPS, and Psat were linearly correlated. Routine soil P tests can approximate long-term effects of P application on TPS and Psat for soils and P ranges considered. In an indoor rainfall simulation study, Marshall, Nicollet, Fayette, Tama, and Harps (calcareous) soils were incubated with 0, 50, 125, 300, and 600 mg kg−1 P. Phosphorus application increased soil and runoff P concentrations linearly, and often at higher rates for the calcareous soil, but P relationship differences in soil or runoff were small or nonexistent across four noncalcareous soils. Three P tests, two environmental P tests (FeO-impregnated paper and water extraction), TPS, and Psat (M3, oxalate, and a P sorption index) increased linearly with P rate and were highly correlated. Environmental soil P tests and Psat indices correlated no better with dissolved reactive P (DRP), bioavailable P (BAP), or total P (TPR) than routine soil P tests. A field study assessed runoff P losses following liquid swine manure application (up to 220 kg ha−1 P) and simulated rainfall. When manure was not incorporated and rainfall was applied within 24 h, increasing P rates increased runoff P linearly and the fraction of TPR as DRP or BAP increased. When manure was incorporated, runoff P did not increase or increased only slightly. A 10 d rainfall delay sharply decreased runoff P in non-incorporated treatments, sometimes to lower levels than with incorporation. Incorporating manure when the probability of immediate rainfall is high reduces the risk of P loss in surface runoff; however, this benefit decreases with time and incorporation could lead to greater erosion and TPR loss in the long term.
Author: Brett Lee Allen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 300
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Book Description
Fertilizer or manure applications are increasing soil P in agricultural fields. This study assessed the impact of P application on soil P fractions and P loss with surface runoff based on P rate field trials and both indoor and field rainfall simulations. Bray P, Mehlich-3 (M3) P, Olsen P, total P (TPS), and soil P saturation (Psat) estimated by M3 or oxalate extractable P, Fe, and Al molar ratios increased with cumulative P application (0 to 1098 kg P ha−1 after 4 to 23 yr) at plots from 11 trials. Soil test P, TPS, and Psat were linearly correlated. Routine soil P tests can approximate long-term effects of P application on TPS and Psat for soils and P ranges considered. In an indoor rainfall simulation study, Marshall, Nicollet, Fayette, Tama, and Harps (calcareous) soils were incubated with 0, 50, 125, 300, and 600 mg kg−1 P. Phosphorus application increased soil and runoff P concentrations linearly, and often at higher rates for the calcareous soil, but P relationship differences in soil or runoff were small or nonexistent across four noncalcareous soils. Three P tests, two environmental P tests (FeO-impregnated paper and water extraction), TPS, and Psat (M3, oxalate, and a P sorption index) increased linearly with P rate and were highly correlated. Environmental soil P tests and Psat indices correlated no better with dissolved reactive P (DRP), bioavailable P (BAP), or total P (TPR) than routine soil P tests. A field study assessed runoff P losses following liquid swine manure application (up to 220 kg ha−1 P) and simulated rainfall. When manure was not incorporated and rainfall was applied within 24 h, increasing P rates increased runoff P linearly and the fraction of TPR as DRP or BAP increased. When manure was incorporated, runoff P did not increase or increased only slightly. A 10 d rainfall delay sharply decreased runoff P in non-incorporated treatments, sometimes to lower levels than with incorporation. Incorporating manure when the probability of immediate rainfall is high reduces the risk of P loss in surface runoff; however, this benefit decreases with time and incorporation could lead to greater erosion and TPR loss in the long term.
Author: Gary M. Pierzynski
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780849316166
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 602
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Book Description
Aperpetual bestseller, this third edition remains the obvious choice for those instructors who strive to make their teaching applicable to contemporary issues. The three authors, all teaching professors distinguished in soil science, have updated this student favorite to include a greater number of even more relevant topics. Responding to requests, they have also placed an increased emphasis on management issues. As with previous editions, the third edition offers students in soil or environmental science an overview of soil science, hydrology, atmospheric chemistry, and pollutant classification. The text moves from the theoretical to the practical with an abundance of contemporary examples, such as an exploration of allowable pesticide concentrations in drinking water and an inquiry into soil contamination from the trace elements in organic by-products. Also considered are the use of soil carbon sequestration as a remedy for global climate change, and the effects of acid precipitation on forestation. NEW TO THE THIRD EDITION: · New chapters on nutrient management planning, and the environmental testing of soil, plants, water, and air · Additional and revised case studies that continue to relate academic content to real-life situations, while inspiring students with real –life challenges to solve · Eight-page color inset · Direct encouragement and links to fully access the Internet as a resource for the most up-to-date findings Always Relevant, Always Interesting The text also covers environmentally-related current events, fostering discussion of the political, economic, and regulatory aspects of environmental issues, the human side of environmental problems, the use and misuse of the scientific method, and potential bias in the presentation of facts. Students in soil science, environmental science, chemistry, biology, geology, and other disciplines will gain valuable insight from this multifaceted text.
Author: Luke Gatiboni
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889663574
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 140
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Book Description
Author: Kylienne A. Clark
Publisher: The Ohio State University
ISBN:
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 594
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Book Description
This book was written by undergraduate students at The Ohio State University (OSU) who were enrolled in the class Introduction to Environmental Science. The chapters describe some of Earth's major environmental challenges and discuss ways that humans are using cutting-edge science and engineering to provide sustainable solutions to these problems. Topics are as diverse as the students, who represent virtually every department, school and college at OSU. The environmental issue that is described in each chapter is particularly important to the author, who hopes that their story will serve as inspiration to protect Earth for all life.
Author: Carrie Anne Macijowsky Laboski
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 204
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Book Description
Author: Zhongqi He
Publisher: Nova Novinka
ISBN: 9781616689803
Category : Farm manure
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
A significant amount of phosphorus (P) is present in animal manure. Land application of animal manure can benefit crop production by providing P and other nutrients. However, P runoff from agricultural soil due to over-application of animal manure may cause surface water degradation. Best management strategies are needed to optimize recycling manure P while minimising adverse consequences of manure land application. The chemical composition of P in animal manure is one of the critical factors controlling P transport and bioavailability in soils. In the last decade, efforts have been made to increase basic knowledge of manure P chemistry by applying novel and/or modified advanced analytic methodologies. This book discusses research on characterisation of P forms in animal manure.
Author: Douglas James Soldat
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Soils
Languages : en
Pages : 262
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Book Description
Author: Fred Magdoff
Publisher: Sare
ISBN: 9781888626131
Category : Humus
Languages : en
Pages : 294
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Book Description
"'Published by the Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (SARE) program, with funding from the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture."
Author: Andrew N. Sharpley
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9781566704946
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 256
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Book Description
Using the Chesapeake Bay as a case study, Agriculture and Phosphorus Management discusses the impact and management of phosphorus in watersheds. Although urban and other sources contribute phosphorus to the Bay, the papers presented focus on how its role in agriculture impacts water quality. They review the new guidelines and legislation slated for implementation by 2002 directed towards sustainable nutrient management and strategies for implementing them. Phosphorus, an essential element for plant and animal growth, has long been recognized as necessary to eliminate deficiencies and to maintain profitable crop and livestock production. It can increase the biological productivity of surface waters by accelerating eutrophication. Human activities accelerate the rate of eutrophication - principally by increasing the rate at which phosphorus enters the aquatic system. Written by experts from a range of disciplines Agriculture and Phosphorus Management provides a deeper understanding of the diverse, dynamic, and complex factors controlling the impact of agricultural phosphorus management on production and water quality. Each contributor addresses the questions: what do we know, what do we still need to know, where are the major gaps in our knowledge, and how does the information relate to phosphorus management strategies in the Bay Watershed, and other watersheds? As a result this series of papers provides a unique collection of information of regional, national, and international significance and gives prioritized phosphorus management options for not only the Chesapeake Bay Watershed, but for watersheds around the world.
Author: John Keith Syers
Publisher: Fao Fertilizer and Plant Nutri
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 132
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Book Description
The efficient use of phosphorus (P) is essential to many agricultural and environmental issues. This bulletin reviews, analyses and synthesizes information on the efficient use of soil and fertilizer P. It presents information on the plant availability of soil and fertilizer P, with an emphasis on soil plant interactions. The focus is on the changing concepts of the behaviour of both soil and fertilizer P and on the need to define and assess their recovery and, thus, P-use efficiency more appropriately.
