Author: Vijay Kumar Sood
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 8770046875
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 293
Book Description
This book discusses real applications of soft computing (SC) in power systems. These SC techniques, inspired by the human mind and biological behavior, have proven to be excellent tools to overcome the challenges faced in power systems and related areas. The techniques are robust and provide low-cost solutions while also offering an effective solution for studying and modeling the behavior of renewable energy generation, operation of grid-connected renewable energy systems, and sustainable decision-making among alternatives. The tolerance of SC techniques to imprecision, uncertainty, partial truth, and approximation makes them highly useful alternatives to conventional techniques. The rapid growth in SC techniques plays an important role in powerful representation, modeling paradigms and optimization mechanisms for solving power system issues such as power quality, reactive power control, oscillation and stability problems, renewable energy resource eval-uation, design of energy efficiency systems, economic load dispatch problems or very different energy system applications in smart grids.
Soft Computing Applications for Advancements in Power Systems
Author: Vijay Kumar Sood
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 8770046875
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 293
Book Description
This book discusses real applications of soft computing (SC) in power systems. These SC techniques, inspired by the human mind and biological behavior, have proven to be excellent tools to overcome the challenges faced in power systems and related areas. The techniques are robust and provide low-cost solutions while also offering an effective solution for studying and modeling the behavior of renewable energy generation, operation of grid-connected renewable energy systems, and sustainable decision-making among alternatives. The tolerance of SC techniques to imprecision, uncertainty, partial truth, and approximation makes them highly useful alternatives to conventional techniques. The rapid growth in SC techniques plays an important role in powerful representation, modeling paradigms and optimization mechanisms for solving power system issues such as power quality, reactive power control, oscillation and stability problems, renewable energy resource eval-uation, design of energy efficiency systems, economic load dispatch problems or very different energy system applications in smart grids.
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 8770046875
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 293
Book Description
This book discusses real applications of soft computing (SC) in power systems. These SC techniques, inspired by the human mind and biological behavior, have proven to be excellent tools to overcome the challenges faced in power systems and related areas. The techniques are robust and provide low-cost solutions while also offering an effective solution for studying and modeling the behavior of renewable energy generation, operation of grid-connected renewable energy systems, and sustainable decision-making among alternatives. The tolerance of SC techniques to imprecision, uncertainty, partial truth, and approximation makes them highly useful alternatives to conventional techniques. The rapid growth in SC techniques plays an important role in powerful representation, modeling paradigms and optimization mechanisms for solving power system issues such as power quality, reactive power control, oscillation and stability problems, renewable energy resource eval-uation, design of energy efficiency systems, economic load dispatch problems or very different energy system applications in smart grids.
Soft Computing Applications
Author: Valentina Emilia Balas
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319184164
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 649
Book Description
These volumes constitute the Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Soft Computing Applications, or SOFA 2014, held on 24-26 July 2014 in Timisoara, Romania. This edition was organized by the University of Belgrade, Serbia in conjunction with Romanian Society of Control Engineering and Technical Informatics (SRAIT) - Arad Section, The General Association of Engineers in Romania - Arad Section, Institute of Computer Science, Iasi Branch of the Romanian Academy and IEEE Romanian Section. The Soft Computing concept was introduced by Lotfi Zadeh in 1991 and serves to highlight the emergence of computing methodologies in which the accent is on exploiting the tolerance for imprecision and uncertainty to achieve tractability, robustness and low solution cost. Soft computing facilitates the use of fuzzy logic, neurocomputing, evolutionary computing and probabilistic computing in combination, leading to the concept of hybrid intelligent systems. The combination of such intelligent systems tools and a large number of applications introduce a need for a synergy of scientific and technological disciplines in order to show the great potential of Soft Computing in all domains. The conference papers included in these proceedings, published post conference, were grouped into the following area of research: · Image, Text and Signal Processing Intelligent Transportation Modeling and Applications Biomedical Applications Neural Network and Applications Knowledge-Based Technologies for Web Applications, Cloud Computing, Security, Algorithms and Computer Networks Knowledge-Based Technologies Soft Computing Techniques for Time Series Analysis Soft Computing and Fuzzy Logic in Biometrics Fuzzy Applications Theory and Fuzzy Control Business Process Management Methods and Applications in Electrical Engineering The volumes provide useful information to professors, researchers and graduated students in area of soft computing techniques and applications, as they report new research work on challenging issues.
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319184164
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 649
Book Description
These volumes constitute the Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Soft Computing Applications, or SOFA 2014, held on 24-26 July 2014 in Timisoara, Romania. This edition was organized by the University of Belgrade, Serbia in conjunction with Romanian Society of Control Engineering and Technical Informatics (SRAIT) - Arad Section, The General Association of Engineers in Romania - Arad Section, Institute of Computer Science, Iasi Branch of the Romanian Academy and IEEE Romanian Section. The Soft Computing concept was introduced by Lotfi Zadeh in 1991 and serves to highlight the emergence of computing methodologies in which the accent is on exploiting the tolerance for imprecision and uncertainty to achieve tractability, robustness and low solution cost. Soft computing facilitates the use of fuzzy logic, neurocomputing, evolutionary computing and probabilistic computing in combination, leading to the concept of hybrid intelligent systems. The combination of such intelligent systems tools and a large number of applications introduce a need for a synergy of scientific and technological disciplines in order to show the great potential of Soft Computing in all domains. The conference papers included in these proceedings, published post conference, were grouped into the following area of research: · Image, Text and Signal Processing Intelligent Transportation Modeling and Applications Biomedical Applications Neural Network and Applications Knowledge-Based Technologies for Web Applications, Cloud Computing, Security, Algorithms and Computer Networks Knowledge-Based Technologies Soft Computing Techniques for Time Series Analysis Soft Computing and Fuzzy Logic in Biometrics Fuzzy Applications Theory and Fuzzy Control Business Process Management Methods and Applications in Electrical Engineering The volumes provide useful information to professors, researchers and graduated students in area of soft computing techniques and applications, as they report new research work on challenging issues.
Soft Computing Applications
Author: Valentina Emilia Balas
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319625217
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 584
Book Description
These two volumes constitute the Proceedings of the 7th International Workshop on Soft Computing Applications (SOFA 2016), held on 24–26 August 2016 in Arad, Romania. This edition was organized by Aurel Vlaicu University of Arad, Romania, University of Belgrade, Serbia, in conjunction with the Institute of Computer Science, Iasi Branch of the Romanian Academy, IEEE Romanian Section, Romanian Society of Control Engineering and Technical Informatics (SRAIT) - Arad Section, General Association of Engineers in Romania - Arad Section, and BTM Resources Arad. The soft computing concept was introduced by Lotfi Zadeh in 1991 and serves to highli ght the emergence of computing methodologies in which the accent is on exploiting the tolerance for imprecision and uncertainty to achieve tractability, robustness and lower costs. Soft computing facilitates the combined use of fuzzy logic, neurocomputing, evolutionary computing and probabilistic computing, leading to the concept of hybrid intelligent systems. The rapid emergence of new tools and applications calls for a synergy of scientific and technological disciplines in order to reveal the great potential of soft computing in all domains. The conference papers included in these proceedings, published post-conference, were grouped into the following areas of research: • Methods and Applications in Electrical Engineering • Knowledge-Based Technologies for Web Applications, Cloud Computing, Security Algorithms and Computer Networks • Biomedical Applications • Image, Text and Signal Processing • Machine Learning and Applications • &nb sp; Business Process Management • Fuzzy Applications, Theory and Fuzzy Control • Computational Intelligence in Education • Soft Computing & Fuzzy Logic i n Biometrics (SCFLB) • Soft Computing Algorithms Applied in Economy, Industry and Communication Technology • Modelling and Applications in Textiles The book helps to disseminate advances in selected active research directions in the field of soft computing, along with current issues and applications of related topics. As such, it provides valuable information for professors, researchers and graduate students in the area of soft computing techniques and applications.
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319625217
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 584
Book Description
These two volumes constitute the Proceedings of the 7th International Workshop on Soft Computing Applications (SOFA 2016), held on 24–26 August 2016 in Arad, Romania. This edition was organized by Aurel Vlaicu University of Arad, Romania, University of Belgrade, Serbia, in conjunction with the Institute of Computer Science, Iasi Branch of the Romanian Academy, IEEE Romanian Section, Romanian Society of Control Engineering and Technical Informatics (SRAIT) - Arad Section, General Association of Engineers in Romania - Arad Section, and BTM Resources Arad. The soft computing concept was introduced by Lotfi Zadeh in 1991 and serves to highli ght the emergence of computing methodologies in which the accent is on exploiting the tolerance for imprecision and uncertainty to achieve tractability, robustness and lower costs. Soft computing facilitates the combined use of fuzzy logic, neurocomputing, evolutionary computing and probabilistic computing, leading to the concept of hybrid intelligent systems. The rapid emergence of new tools and applications calls for a synergy of scientific and technological disciplines in order to reveal the great potential of soft computing in all domains. The conference papers included in these proceedings, published post-conference, were grouped into the following areas of research: • Methods and Applications in Electrical Engineering • Knowledge-Based Technologies for Web Applications, Cloud Computing, Security Algorithms and Computer Networks • Biomedical Applications • Image, Text and Signal Processing • Machine Learning and Applications • &nb sp; Business Process Management • Fuzzy Applications, Theory and Fuzzy Control • Computational Intelligence in Education • Soft Computing & Fuzzy Logic i n Biometrics (SCFLB) • Soft Computing Algorithms Applied in Economy, Industry and Communication Technology • Modelling and Applications in Textiles The book helps to disseminate advances in selected active research directions in the field of soft computing, along with current issues and applications of related topics. As such, it provides valuable information for professors, researchers and graduate students in the area of soft computing techniques and applications.
Advances in Energy and Power Systems
Author: Sri Niwas Singh
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9811306621
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 210
Book Description
This book comprises select proceedings of the International Conference on Advancement in Energy, Drives, and Control. It covers pioneering topics in the field of renewable energy and power management, including energy storage, distribution, and control. It also discusses methods of optimizing power distribution and generation systems. This book is of use to researchers, professionals, and students from across engineering disciplines.
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9811306621
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 210
Book Description
This book comprises select proceedings of the International Conference on Advancement in Energy, Drives, and Control. It covers pioneering topics in the field of renewable energy and power management, including energy storage, distribution, and control. It also discusses methods of optimizing power distribution and generation systems. This book is of use to researchers, professionals, and students from across engineering disciplines.
Advances in Soft Computing
Author: Obdulia Pichardo-Lagunas
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319624288
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 565
Book Description
The two-volume set LNAI 10061 and 10062 constitutes the proceedings of the 15th Mexican International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, MICAI 2016, held in Cancún, Mexico, in October 2016. The total of 86 papers presented in these two volumes was carefully reviewed and selected from 238 submissions. The contributions were organized in the following topical sections: Part I: natural language processing; social networks and opinion mining; fuzzy logic; time series analysis and forecasting; planning and scheduling; image processing and computer vision; robotics. Part II: general; reasoning and multi-agent systems; neural networks and deep learning; evolutionary algorithms; machine learning; classification and clustering; optimization; data mining; graph-based algorithms; and intelligent learning environments.
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319624288
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 565
Book Description
The two-volume set LNAI 10061 and 10062 constitutes the proceedings of the 15th Mexican International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, MICAI 2016, held in Cancún, Mexico, in October 2016. The total of 86 papers presented in these two volumes was carefully reviewed and selected from 238 submissions. The contributions were organized in the following topical sections: Part I: natural language processing; social networks and opinion mining; fuzzy logic; time series analysis and forecasting; planning and scheduling; image processing and computer vision; robotics. Part II: general; reasoning and multi-agent systems; neural networks and deep learning; evolutionary algorithms; machine learning; classification and clustering; optimization; data mining; graph-based algorithms; and intelligent learning environments.
Renewable Energy Systems
Author: Ahmad Taher Azar
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128203986
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 734
Book Description
Renewable Energy Systems: Modelling, Optimization and Control aims to cross-pollinate recent advances in the study of renewable energy control systems by bringing together diverse scientific breakthroughs on the modeling, control and optimization of renewable energy systems by leading researchers. The book brings together the most comprehensive collection of modeling, control theorems and optimization techniques to help solve many scientific issues for researchers in renewable energy and control engineering. Many multidisciplinary applications are discussed, including new fundamentals, modeling, analysis, design, realization and experimental results. The book also covers new circuits and systems to help researchers solve many nonlinear problems. This book fills the gaps between different interdisciplinary applications, ranging from mathematical concepts, modeling, and analysis, up to the realization and experimental work. - Covers modeling, control theorems and optimization techniques which will solve many scientific issues for researchers in renewable energy - Discusses many multidisciplinary applications with new fundamentals, modeling, analysis, design, realization and experimental results - Includes new circuits and systems, helping researchers solve many nonlinear problems
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128203986
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 734
Book Description
Renewable Energy Systems: Modelling, Optimization and Control aims to cross-pollinate recent advances in the study of renewable energy control systems by bringing together diverse scientific breakthroughs on the modeling, control and optimization of renewable energy systems by leading researchers. The book brings together the most comprehensive collection of modeling, control theorems and optimization techniques to help solve many scientific issues for researchers in renewable energy and control engineering. Many multidisciplinary applications are discussed, including new fundamentals, modeling, analysis, design, realization and experimental results. The book also covers new circuits and systems to help researchers solve many nonlinear problems. This book fills the gaps between different interdisciplinary applications, ranging from mathematical concepts, modeling, and analysis, up to the realization and experimental work. - Covers modeling, control theorems and optimization techniques which will solve many scientific issues for researchers in renewable energy - Discusses many multidisciplinary applications with new fundamentals, modeling, analysis, design, realization and experimental results - Includes new circuits and systems, helping researchers solve many nonlinear problems
Soft Computing Techniques and Applications
Author: Samarjeet Borah
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9811573948
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 693
Book Description
Focusing on soft computing techniques and application in various engineering research domains, this book presents the state-of-the-art outcomes from ongoing research works being conducted in various research laboratories and educational institutions. The included research works deal with estimated models and give resolutions to complex real-life issues. In the field of evolutionary computing and other domains of applications, such as, data mining and fuzzy logic, soft computing techniques play an incomparable role, where it successfully handles contemporary computationally intensive and complex problems that have usually appeared to be inflexible to traditional mathematical methods. Comprising the concepts and applications of soft computing with other emerging research domains, this book cherishes varieties of modern applications in the fields of natural language processing, image processing, biomedical engineering, communication, control systems, circuit design etc.
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9811573948
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 693
Book Description
Focusing on soft computing techniques and application in various engineering research domains, this book presents the state-of-the-art outcomes from ongoing research works being conducted in various research laboratories and educational institutions. The included research works deal with estimated models and give resolutions to complex real-life issues. In the field of evolutionary computing and other domains of applications, such as, data mining and fuzzy logic, soft computing techniques play an incomparable role, where it successfully handles contemporary computationally intensive and complex problems that have usually appeared to be inflexible to traditional mathematical methods. Comprising the concepts and applications of soft computing with other emerging research domains, this book cherishes varieties of modern applications in the fields of natural language processing, image processing, biomedical engineering, communication, control systems, circuit design etc.
Applied Soft Computing and Embedded System Applications in Solar Energy
Author: Rupendra Kumar Pachauri
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000391736
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 258
Book Description
Applied Soft Computing and Embedded System Applications in Solar Energy deals with energy systems and soft computing methods from a wide range of approaches and application perspectives. The authors examine how embedded system applications can deal with the smart monitoring and controlling of stand-alone and grid-connected solar photovoltaic (PV) systems for increased efficiency. Growth in the area of artificial intelligence with embedded system applications has led to a new era in computing, impacting almost all fields of science and engineering. Soft computing methods implemented to energy-related problems regularly face data-driven issues such as problems of optimization, classification, clustering, or prediction. The authors offer real-time implementation of soft computing and embedded system in the area of solar energy to address the issues with microgrid and smart grid projects (both renewable and non-renewable generations), energy management, and power regulation. They also discuss and examine alternative solutions for energy capacity assessment, energy efficiency systems design, as well as other specific smart grid energy system applications. The book is intended for students, professionals, and researchers in electrical and computer engineering fields, working on renewable energy resources, microgrids, and smart grid projects. Examines the integration of hardware with stand-alone PV panels and real-time monitoring of factors affecting the efficiency of the PV panels Offers real-time implementation of soft computing and embedded system in the area of solar energy Discusses how soft computing plays a huge role in the prediction of efficiency of stand-alone and grid-connected solar PV systems Discusses how embedded system applications with smart monitoring can control and enhance the efficiency of stand-alone and grid-connected solar PV systems Explores swarm intelligence techniques for solar PV parameter estimation Dr. Rupendra Kumar Pachauri is Assistant Professor – Selection Grade in the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun, India. Dr. Jitendra Kumar Pandey is Professor & Head of R&D in the University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun, India. Mr. Abhishek Sharma is working as a research scientist in the research and development department (UPES, India). Dr. Om Prakash Nautiyal is working as a scientist in Uttarakhand Science Education & Research Centre (USERC), Department of Information and Science Technology, Govt. of Uttarakhand, Dehradun, India. Prof. Mangey Ram is working as a Research Professor at Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, India.
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000391736
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 258
Book Description
Applied Soft Computing and Embedded System Applications in Solar Energy deals with energy systems and soft computing methods from a wide range of approaches and application perspectives. The authors examine how embedded system applications can deal with the smart monitoring and controlling of stand-alone and grid-connected solar photovoltaic (PV) systems for increased efficiency. Growth in the area of artificial intelligence with embedded system applications has led to a new era in computing, impacting almost all fields of science and engineering. Soft computing methods implemented to energy-related problems regularly face data-driven issues such as problems of optimization, classification, clustering, or prediction. The authors offer real-time implementation of soft computing and embedded system in the area of solar energy to address the issues with microgrid and smart grid projects (both renewable and non-renewable generations), energy management, and power regulation. They also discuss and examine alternative solutions for energy capacity assessment, energy efficiency systems design, as well as other specific smart grid energy system applications. The book is intended for students, professionals, and researchers in electrical and computer engineering fields, working on renewable energy resources, microgrids, and smart grid projects. Examines the integration of hardware with stand-alone PV panels and real-time monitoring of factors affecting the efficiency of the PV panels Offers real-time implementation of soft computing and embedded system in the area of solar energy Discusses how soft computing plays a huge role in the prediction of efficiency of stand-alone and grid-connected solar PV systems Discusses how embedded system applications with smart monitoring can control and enhance the efficiency of stand-alone and grid-connected solar PV systems Explores swarm intelligence techniques for solar PV parameter estimation Dr. Rupendra Kumar Pachauri is Assistant Professor – Selection Grade in the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun, India. Dr. Jitendra Kumar Pandey is Professor & Head of R&D in the University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun, India. Mr. Abhishek Sharma is working as a research scientist in the research and development department (UPES, India). Dr. Om Prakash Nautiyal is working as a scientist in Uttarakhand Science Education & Research Centre (USERC), Department of Information and Science Technology, Govt. of Uttarakhand, Dehradun, India. Prof. Mangey Ram is working as a Research Professor at Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, India.
Soft Computing Applications
Author: Kanad Ray
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9811080496
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 170
Book Description
This book provides a reference guide for researchers, scientists and industrialists working in the area of soft computing, and highlights the latest advances in and applications of soft computing techniques in multidisciplinary areas. Gathering papers presented at the International Conference on Soft Computing: Theories and Applications (SoCTA 2016), which was held in Jaipur, Rajasthan, India, on December 28–30, 2016, it focuses on applying soft computing to solve real-life problems arising in various domains, from medical and healthcare to supply chain management, image processing and cryptanalysis. The term soft computing represents an umbrella term for computational techniques like fuzzy logic, neural networks and nature inspired algorithms. In the past few decades, there has been an exponential rise in the application of soft computing techniques to address complex and intricate problems in diverse spheres of life. The versatility of these techniques has made them a favourite among scientists and researchers alike.
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9811080496
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 170
Book Description
This book provides a reference guide for researchers, scientists and industrialists working in the area of soft computing, and highlights the latest advances in and applications of soft computing techniques in multidisciplinary areas. Gathering papers presented at the International Conference on Soft Computing: Theories and Applications (SoCTA 2016), which was held in Jaipur, Rajasthan, India, on December 28–30, 2016, it focuses on applying soft computing to solve real-life problems arising in various domains, from medical and healthcare to supply chain management, image processing and cryptanalysis. The term soft computing represents an umbrella term for computational techniques like fuzzy logic, neural networks and nature inspired algorithms. In the past few decades, there has been an exponential rise in the application of soft computing techniques to address complex and intricate problems in diverse spheres of life. The versatility of these techniques has made them a favourite among scientists and researchers alike.
Design, Analysis and Applications of Renewable Energy Systems
Author: Ahmad Taher Azar
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0323859917
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 762
Book Description
Design, Analysis and Applications of Renewable Energy Systems covers recent advancements in the study of renewable energy control systems by bringing together diverse scientific breakthroughs on the modeling, control and optimization of renewable energy systems as conveyed by leading energy systems engineering researchers. The book focuses on present novel solutions for many problems in the field, covering modeling, control theorems and the optimization techniques that will help solve many scientific issues for researchers. Multidisciplinary applications are also discussed, along with their fundamentals, modeling, analysis, design, realization and experimental results. This book fills the gaps between different interdisciplinary applications, ranging from mathematical concepts, modeling, and analysis, up to the realization and experimental work. - Presents some of the latest innovative approaches to renewable energy systems from the point-of-view of dynamic modeling, system analysis, optimization, control and circuit design - Focuses on advances related to optimization techniques for renewable energy and forecasting using machine learning methods - Includes new circuits and systems, helping researchers solve many nonlinear problems
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0323859917
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 762
Book Description
Design, Analysis and Applications of Renewable Energy Systems covers recent advancements in the study of renewable energy control systems by bringing together diverse scientific breakthroughs on the modeling, control and optimization of renewable energy systems as conveyed by leading energy systems engineering researchers. The book focuses on present novel solutions for many problems in the field, covering modeling, control theorems and the optimization techniques that will help solve many scientific issues for researchers. Multidisciplinary applications are also discussed, along with their fundamentals, modeling, analysis, design, realization and experimental results. This book fills the gaps between different interdisciplinary applications, ranging from mathematical concepts, modeling, and analysis, up to the realization and experimental work. - Presents some of the latest innovative approaches to renewable energy systems from the point-of-view of dynamic modeling, system analysis, optimization, control and circuit design - Focuses on advances related to optimization techniques for renewable energy and forecasting using machine learning methods - Includes new circuits and systems, helping researchers solve many nonlinear problems