Socialist Development and Public Investment in Tanzania, 1964-73 PDF Download
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Author: W. Edmund Clark
Publisher: University of Toronto Press
ISBN: 1442654759
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 299
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Book Description
With its emphasis on rural development as opposed to urban development, Tanzania has pursued an individual path in socialist development. This work is the first empirical analysis of public investment in matters of agriculture, education, rural health, manufacturing, and commerce, comparing the actual program of investment to the strategy outlined in the Arusha Declaration of 1967. In Socialist Development and Public Investment in Tanzania 1964-1976, Dr Clark finds that Tanzania has been more successful in reorienting its program of social investment than its program of economic development. This failure stems from real differences within Tanzania, and among socialists generally, about appropriate investment strategies for a country at Tanzania's stage of development. In fact, no clear specification of an economic strategy exists and, as a result, policy has been heavily determined by the interests of the dominant political groups. It also reflects the fact that, in its initial stages, Tanzanian socialism was not a mass movement. It was imposed from the top and consequently, the bureaucracy remains relatively immune from the pressures of the people and the poverty in which they live. Dr Clark argues that Nyerere's basic strategy is appropriate to Tanzania at a stage when it lacks the resources to pursue the traditional socialist goal of an integrated industrial economy, but that the implementation of this strategy should and must be improved. Skillfully blending political and social with economic analysis, he provides a provocative interpretation of socialist investment strategy in Tanzania and provides an illuminating perspective on the economics of developing countries.
Author: W. Edmund Clark
Publisher: University of Toronto Press
ISBN: 1442654759
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 299
Get Book Here
Book Description
With its emphasis on rural development as opposed to urban development, Tanzania has pursued an individual path in socialist development. This work is the first empirical analysis of public investment in matters of agriculture, education, rural health, manufacturing, and commerce, comparing the actual program of investment to the strategy outlined in the Arusha Declaration of 1967. In Socialist Development and Public Investment in Tanzania 1964-1976, Dr Clark finds that Tanzania has been more successful in reorienting its program of social investment than its program of economic development. This failure stems from real differences within Tanzania, and among socialists generally, about appropriate investment strategies for a country at Tanzania's stage of development. In fact, no clear specification of an economic strategy exists and, as a result, policy has been heavily determined by the interests of the dominant political groups. It also reflects the fact that, in its initial stages, Tanzanian socialism was not a mass movement. It was imposed from the top and consequently, the bureaucracy remains relatively immune from the pressures of the people and the poverty in which they live. Dr Clark argues that Nyerere's basic strategy is appropriate to Tanzania at a stage when it lacks the resources to pursue the traditional socialist goal of an integrated industrial economy, but that the implementation of this strategy should and must be improved. Skillfully blending political and social with economic analysis, he provides a provocative interpretation of socialist investment strategy in Tanzania and provides an illuminating perspective on the economics of developing countries.
Author: Various
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317359631
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 2892
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Book Description
The 10 volumes in this set, originally published between 1959 and 1986, analyze the process of radical foreign policy change, explore Marxist-Leninist models of international relations, describe the significance of cultural relations in international affairs, highlight the changing nature of political communities and changing patterns of government and examine the interaction between the realms of ethics and international relations.
Author: Kal Holsti
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317379349
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 238
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Book Description
This book, originally published in 1982, analyzes the process of radical foreign policy change – how states restructure their foreign relations, and why they do so. Using a common analystical framework, the authors examine Bhutan, Burma, Canada, Child, China and Tanzania. They distinguish between piecemeal foreign policy change and adaptation, and the fundamental re-ordering of foreign policy. Their analysis underlines the extent to which non-military and sometimes imagined threats, such as dependency and external economic and cultural penetration, can constitute an important cause of radical realignment activity.
Author: Kimse A.B. Okoko
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 1040280919
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 250
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Book Description
This study developed from a keen interest in the politics of contemporary Africa, especially in regard to the seemingly intractable problem of political dependence with its economic correlate of underdevelopment. The most interesting contemporary work on African political economy explores the link between economic underdevelopment and political dependence. Development and independence are seen as moving in the same direction in the long run, even if in the short run there appear to be inherent contradictions in their immediate needs in a concrete situation. The focus of this work emphasizes the internal contradictions’ (such as exist between the bureaucracy and the political leadership) within Tanzania rather than the external linkages.
Author: M. S. Silver
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1000230163
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 340
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Book Description
Tracing the evolution of the Tanzanian manufacturing industry since the beginning of colonial rule, this book focuses on the period since independence and especially on the effects of socialist policies resulting from the 1967 Arusha Declaration. Dr. Silver develops volume indices of production for Tanzanian industry as a whole and for individual sectors. He also examines in detail changes in labor productivity, earnings, unit labor costs, investments, and the prices of manufactured goods, paying special attention to the role of government-controlled parastatals, the regional distribution of manufacturing industries, and income inequality. The rapid growth in production and employment and the changing structure of the manufacturing industry, he concludes, is due to high rates of investment in a small number of relatively large establishments, primarily in the parastatal sector.
Author: James H. Mittelman
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1483257878
Category : Juvenile Nonfiction
Languages : en
Pages : 303
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Book Description
Underdevelopment and the Transition to Socialism: Mozambique and Tanzania evaluates the promise and problems of socialism in the Third World by considering the political economies of Mozambique and Tanzania. The aim is to provide a basic account, for Marxists and non-Marxists alike, interested in alternative strategies of development in the Third World. It offers a materialist political economy approach that should be useful to an interdisciplinary group of scholars and practitioners. The book is organized into four parts. Part I maps out purposes and procedures. Part II on Mozambique is a factually grounded analysis of an initial conjuncture in the transition to socialism—the capture of state power by workers and peasants. Part III on Tanzania focuses on another vital step on the way to socialism—the nationalization of leading financial institutions and the attempt to place them under the aegis of the immediate producers. Part IV knits together the main strands of the foregoing analysis and ties them to the broad themes discussed at the beginning of this book.
Author: Andrew Coulson
Publisher: OUP Oxford
ISBN: 0191669555
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 441
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Book Description
Tanzania in the 1970s was at the forefront of policy innovation. Near-universal primary education, access to health services and supplies of clean water subsequently became mainstream ambitions in Africa and elsewhere. But its policies towards agricultural and industrial production failed and left the country in a particularly weak position when it faced the demands of structural adjustment in the 1980s. This book, originally published in 1982, has been reissued with a new introduction which brings its themes up to the present, when income from gold mining and natural gas is making Tanzania one of the most dynamic economies in Africa today. The author, first an economic civil servant in Tanzania, later an academic at the University of Dar es Salaam, was in a unique position to write it, drawing on his own experiences as well as the plethora of ideas and debates in Dar es Salaam in the 1970s. The book has stood the test of time not only because of the range of material it covers but more profoundly because of the approach it takes to the work of Tanzania's founding president, Julius Nyerere - sympathetic to his ideas, deeply critical of failures in implementation. 25 short easily-read chapters take the story of Tanzania from pre-colonial times to the present, and show how Nyerere was hemmed in by what he inherited from the German and British colonialists who ran the country up to Independence in 1961. It provides an invaluable introduction to anyone coming to the country for the first time, and offers a profound assessment of the theoretical debates that have made Tanzania of such interest to students of development.
Author: Timothy M. Shaw
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 0429716125
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 323
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Book Description
This comprehensive, critical examination of Africa’s future–written by a diverse group of Africans and Africanists–raises many questions and challenges concerning the development and unity of the African continent. Eclectic in range and method, but cohesive in concern, the book identifies and analyzes alternative probabilities in the political, economic, and social spheres and on the national, regional, and international levels. Many of the contributors point toward an unpromising future for Africa unless its development strategy is changed and its inheritance of dependence on the world system overcome.
Author: Fred M. Hayward
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 0429712006
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 346
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Book Description
The electoral process has been an integral part of the political landscape of independent Africa for more than a quarter-century and has roots going back to traditional African societies. An examination of the independence period demonstrates the rich diversity of forms, experiences, and meanings of elections in Africa. For some observers, elections are a clear example of multiple failures in Africa-the failure of democracy and institutional transfer and the breakdown of much of the African political process in general. The authors of this book argue that elections in Africa have played a much more significant role than has commonly been recognized; that in spite of problems, elections are an important part of African contemporary political life. It has been too easy to dismiss elections in Africa as irrelevant because there are fewer today than there were two decades ago or because they have frequently failed to conform to democratic norms. However, in a period in which the primary trends of government are toward exclusion, African elections provide one of the few instruments of political action open to civil society. This study of the electoral process suggests a number of themes and conclusions about the relationship of the electoral process to state power and institutions, elite competition, mass participation, legitimacy and its limits, ethnic conflict, mobilization, party competition, authoritarian regimes, the growing incidence of electoral violence, and mass support for democratic values. Fred M. Hayward's substantive introduction discusses the electoral process in general. Eight case studies of key African countries then illustrate the varied meanings and implications of elections in independent Africa, and in the final chapter Hayward draws conclusions about the role and impact of elections. It is clear that although electoral processes have demonstrated a certain fragility, both the form and the process have shown remarkable resilience.
Author: D K Fieldhouse
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 113687822X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 282
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Book Description
In what ways did economic considerations affect the decision by Britain and France to make their Black African colonies independent? Why were early expectations that independence would lead to rapid and sustained economic development in Africa for the most part disappointed? This title, originally published in 1986, seeks to tackle these two important and strongly debated issues. The main aim and value of the book is to take a broad view of this huge subject, pulling together material on most parts of Black Africa south of the Sahara and north of the Limpopo so that the problem can be seen as a whole. It takes account of a wide range of possible and actual factors which have influenced African economic development, weaving them into a single analysis, including the colonial inheritance, the impact of the fluctuating international economy, policies adopted by African governments and indigenous factors such as climate, drought and human resources. The book is written to be understood without difficulty by non-specialists and is intended to act as an introduction to its subject for university students.
