Social Comparison Processes, Perceptions of Responsibility, and Outcomes for Children's Health PDF Download
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Author: Jenny Reichert
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic books
Languages : en
Pages : 482
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Book Description
Childhood obesity rates are increasing in the United States, partly because adults, especially parents, are unable to recognize overweight and obesity in children. This study used social comparison processes and personal beliefs about the prevalence/causes/consequences of obesity to address three purposes: (1) to predict how parents determine their child's weight status and their intentions for their children's weight based on social comparisons; (2) to test a model of attribution of responsibility (AOR) for parents and non-parents to predict perceptions of parents' responsibility for children's weight; and (3) to develop a model to examine how parents and non-parents judge children's weight and to predict intentions to control children's weight. For the first purpose, an experimental manipulation provided parents with upward or downward comparisons that were either proximal or distal to their children, and results reveal that parents are less accurate in judging their child's weight when given an upward comparison than when given a control comparison. For the second and third purposes, participants completed the revised AOR model and a number of other established and researcher-generated measures. Only perceptions of causality predicted participants' attributions of parents' responsibility for children's weight. Structural Equation Modeling was used to construct the final model. Results reveal that the models used to predict the intentions to control children's weight were very similar, and unlike that used to predict accuracy of judgments of children's weight. This research was conducted in the hopes of potentially increasing recognition of overweight and obesity in children to slow rising obesity rates.
Author: Jenny Reichert
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic books
Languages : en
Pages : 482
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Book Description
Childhood obesity rates are increasing in the United States, partly because adults, especially parents, are unable to recognize overweight and obesity in children. This study used social comparison processes and personal beliefs about the prevalence/causes/consequences of obesity to address three purposes: (1) to predict how parents determine their child's weight status and their intentions for their children's weight based on social comparisons; (2) to test a model of attribution of responsibility (AOR) for parents and non-parents to predict perceptions of parents' responsibility for children's weight; and (3) to develop a model to examine how parents and non-parents judge children's weight and to predict intentions to control children's weight. For the first purpose, an experimental manipulation provided parents with upward or downward comparisons that were either proximal or distal to their children, and results reveal that parents are less accurate in judging their child's weight when given an upward comparison than when given a control comparison. For the second and third purposes, participants completed the revised AOR model and a number of other established and researcher-generated measures. Only perceptions of causality predicted participants' attributions of parents' responsibility for children's weight. Structural Equation Modeling was used to construct the final model. Results reveal that the models used to predict the intentions to control children's weight were very similar, and unlike that used to predict accuracy of judgments of children's weight. This research was conducted in the hopes of potentially increasing recognition of overweight and obesity in children to slow rising obesity rates.
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309166608
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 336
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Book Description
Children's health has clearly improved over the past several decades. Significant and positive gains have been made in lowering rates of infant mortality and morbidity from infectious diseases and accidental causes, improved access to health care, and reduction in the effects of environmental contaminants such as lead. Yet major questions still remain about how to assess the status of children's health, what factors should be monitored, and the appropriate measurement tools that should be used. Children's Health, the Nation's Wealth: Assessing and Improving Child Health provides a detailed examination of the information about children's health that is needed to help policy makers and program providers at the federal, state, and local levels. In order to improve children's health-and, thus, the health of future generations-it is critical to have data that can be used to assess both current conditions and possible future threats to children's health. This compelling book describes what is known about the health of children and what is needed to expand the knowledge. By strategically improving the health of children, we ensure healthier future generations to come.
Author: Gordon Leslie Flett
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medicine
Languages : en
Pages : 1070
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Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309388570
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 525
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Book Description
Decades of research have demonstrated that the parent-child dyad and the environment of the familyâ€"which includes all primary caregiversâ€"are at the foundation of children's well- being and healthy development. From birth, children are learning and rely on parents and the other caregivers in their lives to protect and care for them. The impact of parents may never be greater than during the earliest years of life, when a child's brain is rapidly developing and when nearly all of her or his experiences are created and shaped by parents and the family environment. Parents help children build and refine their knowledge and skills, charting a trajectory for their health and well-being during childhood and beyond. The experience of parenting also impacts parents themselves. For instance, parenting can enrich and give focus to parents' lives; generate stress or calm; and create any number of emotions, including feelings of happiness, sadness, fulfillment, and anger. Parenting of young children today takes place in the context of significant ongoing developments. These include: a rapidly growing body of science on early childhood, increases in funding for programs and services for families, changing demographics of the U.S. population, and greater diversity of family structure. Additionally, parenting is increasingly being shaped by technology and increased access to information about parenting. Parenting Matters identifies parenting knowledge, attitudes, and practices associated with positive developmental outcomes in children ages 0-8; universal/preventive and targeted strategies used in a variety of settings that have been effective with parents of young children and that support the identified knowledge, attitudes, and practices; and barriers to and facilitators for parents' use of practices that lead to healthy child outcomes as well as their participation in effective programs and services. This report makes recommendations directed at an array of stakeholders, for promoting the wide-scale adoption of effective programs and services for parents and on areas that warrant further research to inform policy and practice. It is meant to serve as a roadmap for the future of parenting policy, research, and practice in the United States.
Author: National Institutes of Health (U.S.). Division of Research Grants
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medicine
Languages : en
Pages : 1224
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Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309324882
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 587
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Book Description
Children are already learning at birth, and they develop and learn at a rapid pace in their early years. This provides a critical foundation for lifelong progress, and the adults who provide for the care and the education of young children bear a great responsibility for their health, development, and learning. Despite the fact that they share the same objective - to nurture young children and secure their future success - the various practitioners who contribute to the care and the education of children from birth through age 8 are not acknowledged as a workforce unified by the common knowledge and competencies needed to do their jobs well. Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 explores the science of child development, particularly looking at implications for the professionals who work with children. This report examines the current capacities and practices of the workforce, the settings in which they work, the policies and infrastructure that set qualifications and provide professional learning, and the government agencies and other funders who support and oversee these systems. This book then makes recommendations to improve the quality of professional practice and the practice environment for care and education professionals. These detailed recommendations create a blueprint for action that builds on a unifying foundation of child development and early learning, shared knowledge and competencies for care and education professionals, and principles for effective professional learning. Young children thrive and learn best when they have secure, positive relationships with adults who are knowledgeable about how to support their development and learning and are responsive to their individual progress. Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 offers guidance on system changes to improve the quality of professional practice, specific actions to improve professional learning systems and workforce development, and research to continue to build the knowledge base in ways that will directly advance and inform future actions. The recommendations of this book provide an opportunity to improve the quality of the care and the education that children receive, and ultimately improve outcomes for children.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Home economics
Languages : en
Pages : 228
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medicine
Languages : en
Pages : 912
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Book Description
Author: Sanna Jarvela
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0123814774
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 301
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Book Description
Social and emotional aspects of schooling and the learning environment can dramatically affect one's attention, understanding, and memory for learning. This topic has been of increasing interest in both psychology and education, leading to an entire section being devoted to it in the third edition of the International Encyclopedia of Education. Thirty-three articles from the Encyclopedia form this concise reference which focuses on such topics as social and emotional development, anxiety in schools, effects of mood on motivation, peer learning, and friendship and social networks. Saves researchers time in summarizing in one place what is otherwise an interdisciplinary field in cognitive psychology, personality, sociology, and education Level of presentation focuses on critical research, leaving out the extraneous and focusing on need-to-know information Contains contributions from top international researchers in the field Makes MRW content affordable to individual researchers
