Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Diversity in Domesticated and Wild Sunflowers PDF Download
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Author: Carrie Freeman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Genetic polymorphisms
Languages : en
Pages : 110
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Book Description
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most common DNA polymorphisms in plant and animal genomes. SNPs were identified in the allele sequences of up to 12 sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) genotypes for a genome-wide sample of 81 loci originally mapped using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers. The RFLP loci anchor a dense RFLP linkage map and second-generation linkage maps constructed using simple sequence repeats and other high-throughput DNA markers. The goal of this study was to develop high-throughput SNP markers for the cDNA-RFLP loci for linkage mapping, diversity analysis, and molecular breeding and genomics research. The specific objectives were to: (i) develop FP-TDI or fluorescent primer-extension SNP assays for the cDNA-RFLP loci; (ii) validate the SNP markers by screening 12 sequenced (reference) genotypes; and (iii) assess the utility and polymorphism rate of the SNP markers across a genetically diverse panel of unsequenced wild and domesticated sunflower genotypes. SNP markers were successfully developed for 44 of the targeted 49 cDNA-RFLP loci. Thirty-one of the SNP markers were further selected for a diversity analysis across a genetically diverse panel of wild and domesticated sunflower genotypes. The mean heterozygosity (H) score for the loci was 0.41, which nears the maximum H score of 0.5 for biallelic markers. SNPs in this study exhibited polymorphism rates close to those of RFLP and SSR markers in inbred sunflower lines.
Author: Carrie Freeman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Genetic polymorphisms
Languages : en
Pages : 110
Get Book Here
Book Description
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most common DNA polymorphisms in plant and animal genomes. SNPs were identified in the allele sequences of up to 12 sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) genotypes for a genome-wide sample of 81 loci originally mapped using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers. The RFLP loci anchor a dense RFLP linkage map and second-generation linkage maps constructed using simple sequence repeats and other high-throughput DNA markers. The goal of this study was to develop high-throughput SNP markers for the cDNA-RFLP loci for linkage mapping, diversity analysis, and molecular breeding and genomics research. The specific objectives were to: (i) develop FP-TDI or fluorescent primer-extension SNP assays for the cDNA-RFLP loci; (ii) validate the SNP markers by screening 12 sequenced (reference) genotypes; and (iii) assess the utility and polymorphism rate of the SNP markers across a genetically diverse panel of unsequenced wild and domesticated sunflower genotypes. SNP markers were successfully developed for 44 of the targeted 49 cDNA-RFLP loci. Thirty-one of the SNP markers were further selected for a diversity analysis across a genetically diverse panel of wild and domesticated sunflower genotypes. The mean heterozygosity (H) score for the loci was 0.41, which nears the maximum H score of 0.5 for biallelic markers. SNPs in this study exhibited polymorphism rates close to those of RFLP and SSR markers in inbred sunflower lines.
Author: Robin M. Hawley
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Herbicide resistance
Languages : en
Pages : 122
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Book Description
Resistance to acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS)-inhibiting herbicides has been reported in over 90 weedy species, including wild sunflower biotypes, since the herbicides were developed in 1982. The AHAS gene family in sunflower, consisting of three paralogs AHAS1, AHAS2, and AHAS3, has been targeted for inducing herbicide resistance. A polymorphism identified in an elite sunflower line bred for resistance to the class of AHAS-inhibiting herbicides - sulfonylureas (SU) allowed development of a genotyping assay to be used in marker assisted selection (MAS). The expression level of the AHAS gene family was assayed in eight selected sunflower tissues. Diversity of the AHAS gene family was assessed among wild and domesticated sunflowers. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was discovered in the SU resistant sunflower. Development of a SNP assay, using fluorescently probed acyclo-dNTPs, facilitated genotypic determination. Non-quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) and real-time RT-PCR were used to observe the expression level of each gene in the AHAS family. Diversity within the AHAS gene family among wild germplasm and domesticated germplasm was assessed using sequence alignment of 46 different accessions. The discovery of the SNP at codon 197 in AHAS1 of the resistant line was predicted to confer resistance to the SU class of AHAS-inhibiting herbicides. The mutation at codon 197 has been observed in other plant species that confer resistance to the SU herbicides. Identification of the presence or absence of herbicide resistance genes using the SNP assay yields reliable genotyping that can be used to compliment phenotyping data. The AHAS1 paralog was shown to be the most highly expressed gene in the AHAS gene family. All three genes are expressed in sunflower with the highest expression of AHAS1 exhibited in leaf tissue. Overall gene diversity was greatest in AHAS1. Gene diversity was particularly high in the wild sunflower accessions for all three genes. The AHAS1 gene is likely to be the target of mutations conferring herbicide resistance because it is the most highly expressed gene in the family. Ultimately, MAS for herbicide resistance genes in sunflower was improved by the development of a reliable SNP assay for codon 197 in AHAS1.
Author: Jinguo Hu
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1439840490
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 374
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Book Description
The sunflower has fascinated mankind for centuries. The oilseed sunflower contributes approximately ten percent of the world's plant-derived edible oil and the confection type sunflower holds a considerable share of the directly consumed snacks market. In addition, sunflower is also grown as an ornamental for cut flowers, as well as in home ga
Author: Jaroslav Dolezel
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527610936
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 479
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Book Description
Targeted at beginners as well as experienced users, this handy reference explains the benefits and uses of flow cytometery in the study of plants and their genomes. Following a brief introduction that highlights general considerations when analyzing plant cells by flow cytometric methods, the book goes on to discuss examples of application in plant genetics, genomic analysis, cell cycle analysis, marine organism analysis and breeding studies. With its list of general reading and a glossary of terms, this first reference on FCM in plants fills a real gap by providing first-hand practical hints for the growing community of plant geneticists.
Author: Kurt Weising
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1420040049
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 470
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Book Description
Given the explosive development of new molecular marker techniques over the last decade, newcomers and experts alike in the field of DNA fingerprinting will find an easy-to-follow guide to the multitude of techniques available in DNA Fingerprinting in Plants: Principles, Methods, and Applications, Second Edition. Along with step-by-step annotated p
Author: M. Timothy Rabanus-Wallace
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030833836
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 251
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Book Description
This book celebrates the dawn of the rye genomics era with concise, comprehensive, and accessible reviews on the current state of rye genomic research, written by experts in the field for students, researchers and growers. To most, rye is the key ingredient in a flavoursome bread or their favourite American whisky. To a farmer, rye is the remarkable grain that tolerates the harshest winters and the most unforgiving soils, befitting its legacy as the life-giving seed that fed the ancient civilisations of northern Eurasia. Since the mid-1900s, scientists have employed genetic approaches to better understand and utilize rye, but only since the technological advances of the mid-2010s has the possibility of addressing questions using rye genome assemblies become a reality. Alongside the secret of its unique survival abilities, rye genomics has accelerated research on a host of intriguing topics such as the complex history of rye’s domestication by humans, the nature of genes that switch fertility on and off, the function and origin of accessory chromosomes, and the evolution of selfish DNA.
Author: Melinda A. Zeder
Publisher: Univ of California Press
ISBN: 0520246381
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 376
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Book Description
"A genetic revolution has transformed the study of the domestication of plants and animals. Documenting Domestication presents the best research and resolves issues that had been intractable in the past."—Richard I. Ford, University of Michigan
Author: Alejandro Casas
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889630471
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 284
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Book Description
The Neotropical area is a main setting of the earliest experiences of domestication ofplants, and evolutionary processes guided by humans, which continue being active inthe area. Studies comprised in this Research Topic show a general panorama aboutsimilarities and particularities of processes of domestication for different plant groupsand regions, some of them illustrate how the domestication processes originated anddiffused, how landscape domestication has operated and continues being practicedand others discuss some of the main challenges for designing policies for biosafetyand conservation of plant genetic resources. It is an attempt to identify main topicsfor research on evolution under domestication, and opportunities that researcherscan find in the Neotropics to understand how and why these processes occurredin the past and present.
Author: Richard Gerald Harrison
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN: 019506917X
Category : Evolution (Biology)
Languages : en
Pages : 378
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Book Description
Hybrid zones--geographical areas in which the hybrids of two races are found--have attracted the attention of evolutionary biologists for many years, both because they are windows on the evolutionary process and because the patterns of animals and plant variation seen in hybrid zones do notfit the traditional classification schemes of taxonomists. Hybrid zones provide insights into the nature of the species, the way barriers to gene exchange function, the genetic basis of those barriers, the dynamics of the speciation process. Hybrid Zones and the Evolutionary Process synthesizes theextensive research literature in this field and points to new directions in research. It will be read with interest by evolutionary biologists, geneticists, and biogeographers.
Author: Enrique Martínez-Force
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1630670626
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 731
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Book Description
This comprehensive reference delivers key information on all aspects of sunflower. With over 20 chapters, this book provides an extensive review of the latest developments in sunflower genetics, breeding, processing, quality, and utilization; including food, energy and industrial bioproduct applications. World-renowned experts in this field review U.S. and international practices, production, and processing aspects of sunflower. - Presents seven chapters on improving sunflower production with insights on breeding and genetics; physiology and agronomy; common insect and bird pests; mutagenesis; and identifying and preventing diseases. - Summarizes current knowledge of sunflower oil uses in food, oxididative stability, minor constituents, and lipids biosynthesis. - Ideal reference for scientists, researchers, and students from across industry, academia, and government.
