Author: Natasha Busjeet
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 54

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Author: Alexander T. Lowe
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 98

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Ocean acidification poses serious threats to coastal ecosystem services, yet few empirical studies have investigated how feedbacks from local ecological processes may modulate global trends of pH from rising atmospheric CO2. Just as microclimatic influences cause departures from long-term warming trends in temperature, local processes may decouple local marine environments from the increased anthropogenic CO2 that dissolves in seawater and reduces pH. Seawater pH has been shown to be an important factor regulating physiological processes of many aquatic organisms, including valuable aquaculture species like Pacific oysters. Understanding 1) whether long-term ocean acidification varies spatially due to local ecological processes, 2) which environmental factors or ecological processes drive variation in seawater pH, and 3) the effects of this pH variation on marine organisms are critical research needs for climate change adaptation and management of important marine resources. In this dissertation, I found that pH exhibits high variability across spatial and temporal scales in the Salish Sea, exhibiting location-specific long-term changes driven by differences in net ecosystem metabolism (Chapter 1). By mapping pH in important shellfish aquaculture regions of Washington state, I showed that shallow-water environments over tidal flats are more variable in pH than surface waters over deeper channels, associated with bentho-pelagic coupling of organic matter production and decomposition, in addition to characteristic physical changes of temperature and salinity up-estuary (Chapter 2). Using interactions with an autotrophic foundation species (eelgrass Zostera marina) along estuarine gradients, I found that growth of two species of oyster were most strongly positively correlated to differences in stable isotope and fatty acid biomarkers of food availability both from river to ocean along the estuarine gradient and in association with eelgrass (Chapter 3). Shell strength, a putative indicator of pH stress, showed a positive response to eelgrass for the native, but negative response for the non-native oyster. Small differences in growth and shell strength were observed in association with eelgrass, but mortality related to predation was much higher in eelgrass. Collectively, these results support the adoption of an ecosystem perspective to ocean acidification as well as other stressors in productive aquatic habitats. Chapter 1: Patterns of pH variability were quantified as a function of atmospheric CO2 and local physical and biological processes at 83 sites over 25 years in the Salish Sea and two NE Pacific estuaries. Mean seawater pH decreased significantly at -0.009 ± 0.0005 pH yr−1 (0.22 pH over 25 years), with spatially variable rates ranging up to 10 times greater than atmospheric CO2-driven ocean acidification. Dissolved oxygen saturation (%DO) decreased by -0.24 ± 0.036% yr−1, with site-specific trends similar to pH. Mean pH shifted from 7.6 in winter to 8.0 in summer concomitant with the seasonal shift from heterotrophy (%DO 100) to autotrophy (%DO100) and dramatic shifts in aragonite saturation state critical to shell-forming organisms (probability of undersaturation was >80% in winter, but

Author: Jasmin M. Schuster
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 72

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Author: Frederick S. Mercer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 25

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Author: International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). Global Marine and Polar Programme.
Publisher: IUCN
ISBN: 283171723X
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 140

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Book Description
Following the first international workshop on the economics of ocean acidification organized by the Centre Scientifique de Monaco and the International Atomic Energy Agency in 2010, a second international workshop was held in November 2012, which explored the level of risk, and the resilience or vulnerability of defined regions of the world ocean in terms of fishery and aquaculture species and economic impacts, and social adaptation. This report includes the findings and recommendations of the respective regional working groups and is the result of an interdisciplinary survey of ocean acidification-sensitive fisheries and aquaculture.

Author: José Luis Carballo
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319590081
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 456

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While sponges represent a very simple group of organisms, which are represented by over 8000 species, there is considerable interest in the increasing role they may play in future marine ecosystems. While we still have a comparatively limited understanding of how sponges will respond to ocean warming and acidification there is evidence that some species may have the ability to acclimate or even adapt to these stressors. This comprehensive collection of articles describes our current understanding of the impacts of ocean acidification and warming on sponges across multiple levels of biological organisation, and from the geological past to the present. With expert contributions from across the world this book represents the most up-to-date view on sponge responses to climate change. This book will be of interest to a wide audience of marine scientists and managers, who are grappling with how to manage, conserve and protect marine ecosystems.

Author: Elizabeth Gosling
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470674946
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 547

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Book Description
Marine Bivalve Molluscs Marine Bivalve Molluscs is a comprehensive and thoroughly updated Second Edition of Bivalve Molluscs, covering all major aspects of this important class of invertebrates. As well as being an important class biologically and ecologically, many of the bivalves are fished and cultured commercially (e.g. mussels, oysters, scallops and clams) in a multi-billion dollar worldwide industry. Elizabeth Gosling has written a landmark book that will stand for many years as the standard work on the subject. Chapters in Marine Bivalve Molluscs cover morphology, ecology, feeding, reproduction, settlement and recruitment, growth, physiology, fisheries, aquaculture, genetics, diseases and parasites, and public health issues. A full understanding of many of these aspects is vital for all those working in bivalve fisheries and culture. An essential purchase for anyone concerned with this important class of animals, copies of Marine Bivalve Molluscs should be on the shelves of biologists, ecologists, environmental scientists, fisheries scientists and personnel within the aquaculture industry. Copies of the book should be available in all libraries and research establishments where these subjects are studied or taught. REVIEWS OF THE FIRST EDITION An admirable achievement...a valuable addition to marine sciences libraries everywhere. The back cover of this book says that it is a landmark text that will stand for many years as the standard work on this subject. I can only agree with this sentiment. ~ Aquaculture A welcome addition to the literature and provides the reader with a comprehensive overview of biological and environmental factors that affect and control both natural populations of marine bivalves and culture operations. ~ Aquaculture International The author has done an admirable job in compiling a wealth of information into a readable text. ~ Transactions of the American Fisheries Society Will serve well as a description of much of both the experimental biology and the aquaculture of bivalves. ~ Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology Provides excellent reviews of all major aspects...an extremely important reference for anyone engaged in bivalve research, fisheries management, and aquaculture. ~ Quarterly Review of Biology The book is very readable, in an easy style. It is well illustrated and there is a wealth of data and statistics presented. ~ Bulletin of the Malacological Society of London

Author: Sandra E. Shumway
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0813814138
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 526

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Book Description
Shellfish Aquaculture and the Environment focuses primarily on the issues surrounding environmental sustainability of shellfish aquaculture. The chapters in this book provide readers with the most current data available on topics such as resource enhancement and habitat restoration. Shellfish Aquaculture and the Environment is also an invaluable resource for those looking to develop and implement environmental best management practices. Edited one of the world's leading shellfish researchers and with contributions from around the world, Shellfish Aquaculture and the Environment is the definitive source of information for this increasingly important topic. View the Executive Summary here: http://seagrant.uconn.edu/publications/aquaculture/execsumm.pdf

Author: Kristy Jean Kroeker
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Ocean acidification represents a pervasive environmental change that could impact a wide range of species and cause extensive changes in marine ecosystems. An understanding of the potential emergent effects of acidification requires an integrated knowledge of the impacts on single species, species interactions, community structure, and ecosystem function. By using meta-analysis and field experiments in a naturally acidified ecosystem, this dissertation investigates how the responses of individual species to ocean acidification combine to affect the community and ecosystem. This research highlights the key role of species interactions in the emergent effects of ocean acidification. While meta-analyses underline the sensitivity of a wide range of species that build their shells or skeletons of calcium carbonate to acidification, field experiments in a naturally acidified ecosystem suggest that the loss or reduced abundance of the sensitive calcareous species in acidified conditions is compensated by an increased abundance of more tolerant species, resulting in an entire reorganization of the community. Analyses of succession patterns of the benthic rocky reef communities in the naturally acidified ecosystem suggest the reduced abundance of some calcareous species is linked to the increased abundance of fleshy seaweeds. While some calcareous species are able to recruit and grow at similar rates in non-acidified and acidified conditions during early stages of succession, their abundance is limited by the rapid growth of fleshy seaweeds in acidified conditions during the later stages of succession. Furthermore, analyses of recovery patterns suggest the role of calcareous herbivores is altered in acidified conditions. While recovery from disturbance in non-acidified conditions is highly variable and contingent on grazing by calcareous herbivores, the effects of grazing are not apparent in acidified conditions. Instead, recovery patterns in acidified conditions are canalized and consistently result in similar assemblages dominated by fleshy seaweed. Together, the results from this dissertation suggest ocean acidification causes a reorganization of a benthic rocky reef community, resulting in assemblages dominated by fleshy seaweeds with reduced diversity, invertebrate biomass, and trophic complexity. Furthermore, acidification affects the temporal and spatial dynamics of benthic rocky reef communities, leading to reduced habitat patchiness and diversity at the landscape scale.

Author: Stefano Goffredo
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400767048
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 673

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Book Description
This volume is an indispensable addition to the multidisciplinary coverage of the science of the Mediterranean Sea. The editors have gathered leading authorities from the fields of Marine Biology, Ecology, paleoclimatology, Chemical and Physical Oceanography, Zoology, Botany, Aquatic Photosynthesis, Socioeconomics, Mariculture, Mediterranean History and Science of Humanity. Beginning with the birth of the Mediterranean Sea and its myths. From coral to fish, an introduction is given to its major inhabitants of plants and animals past and present. The chapters illustrate how organisms interact as part of the structure and function of the Sea's main ecosystems. The rise of the Mediterranean as the cradle of the Western Civilization leads to a discourse on the status of human interaction with the sea. Accelerating global climate change, water warming, ocean acidification and sea level rise, and analyses of their effects on key organisms, entire ecosystems and human socioeconomics are given. Forecasting and predictions are presented taking into account different future scenarios from the IPCC (International Panel on Climate Change). The volume is richly illustrated in color, with an extensive bibliography. A valuable addition to the limited literature in the field, offering up-to-date broad coverage merging science and humanities.​