Shipping Conferences:The Legal Framework and Operation of Shipping Conferences PDF Download
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Author: Amos Herman
Publisher: Springer
ISBN:
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 272
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Book Description
Author: Amos Herman
Publisher: Springer
ISBN:
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 272
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Amos Herman
Publisher: Springer
ISBN:
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 272
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Book Description
Author: Luis Ortiz Blanco
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN: 1847313655
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 698
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Book Description
Liner conferences are among the oldest surviving cartels in the world. Created in the 1870s they have existed since on all the world's shipping routes. With the approval or tacit acquiescence of governments everywhere, they fix freight rates, control capacity and share markets. The United Nations Code of Conduct for Liner Conferences (1974) granted them global recognition and prompted the European Community to recommend Member States to join the Convention on the Liner Code (1979) and to grant them the most generous and extraordinary block exemption from EC antitrust rules ever (1986). The European Commission's administration of the block exemption has clarified some of its aspects and, to a certain extent, limited its scope; but until very recently, it has not questioned the appropriateness of the exceptionally lenient treatment of liner shipping cartels in the European Union. After a report by the OECD Secretariat (2002) recommending abolition of antitrust immunity for shipping cartels in member countries, the European Commission launched a review of the block exemption (2003) which has led to its repeal (2006). This book studies first the origins, the early history and the regulation of liner conferences in the world and in the European Community, focusing in particular on the Regulation which granted a block exemption to liner conferences. Then, it examines one by one the four conditions for a block exemption to be granted under EC law, and concludes that none of them is fulfilled by shipping cartels. Finally, it proposes some alternative scenarios and solutions for the adequate enforcement of antitrust law in the maritime sector once the block exemption has been repealed.
Author:
Publisher: American Bar Association
ISBN: 9781590318645
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 452
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Book Description
Author: United States. Department of Commerce
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Foreign trade promotion
Languages : en
Pages : 72
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Book Description
Author: United States. Advisory Commission on Conferences in Ocean Shipping
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Government publications
Languages : en
Pages : 384
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Book Description
Author: United States. Congress
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 866
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Book Description
Author: James W. Brock
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1315488116
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 368
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Book Description
Using the metaphor of the socially constructed organization of space, this text takes a broad view of the evolution of urban America, from its historical roots to the present. It examines how policies respond to and affect the organization of space, and it looks to the future of American cities.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Energy policy
Languages : en
Pages : 132
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Book Description
Author: United States. Congress. Senate. Commerce
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 2094
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Book Description
