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Author: William M. Ciesla
Publisher: Fao
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 144
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Book Description
The objective of this paper is to provide a global review of the non-wood uses of conifers. For the purposes of this paper, conifers are defined as trees and shrubs of the botanical orders Coniferales, Taxales and Ginkgoales (Rushforth 1987). Although some services are briefly mentioned, the focus of this paper is on products which conifers provide species, which are important sources of non-wood forest products, and places where these products are harvested. With the exception of essential oils, which can be obtained from several parts of the tree, the products described are organized by the part of the tree from which they are obtained (e.g. foliage, bark and roots, resin, seeds and cones). Where possible, data on levels of production and international trade are presented. Problems associated with the sustainable management of these products and compatibility or conflicts with other land uses are also presented. Both contemporary and historical or traditional uses of non-wood products from conifers are discussed.
Author: William M. Ciesla
Publisher: Fao
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 144
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Book Description
The objective of this paper is to provide a global review of the non-wood uses of conifers. For the purposes of this paper, conifers are defined as trees and shrubs of the botanical orders Coniferales, Taxales and Ginkgoales (Rushforth 1987). Although some services are briefly mentioned, the focus of this paper is on products which conifers provide species, which are important sources of non-wood forest products, and places where these products are harvested. With the exception of essential oils, which can be obtained from several parts of the tree, the products described are organized by the part of the tree from which they are obtained (e.g. foliage, bark and roots, resin, seeds and cones). Where possible, data on levels of production and international trade are presented. Problems associated with the sustainable management of these products and compatibility or conflicts with other land uses are also presented. Both contemporary and historical or traditional uses of non-wood products from conifers are discussed.
Author: J. J. W. Coppen
Publisher: Fao
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 78
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Book Description
Pinus is one of the most widely distributed genera of trees in the northern hemisphere, extending from the polar region to the tropics and including Central and North America, Europe and Asia. It is also one of the most widely planted exotics for timber and pulp purposes and large areas of pine are therefore found outside their natural range in South America, Africa and Australasia. In addition to their use for wood, pine trees are a valuable source of non-wood forest products: they can be tapped for resin, which can then be distilled to produce gum turpentine and gum rosin. Gum Naval Stores: Turpentine and Rosin from Pine Resin provides information on the technical and economic aspects of pine resin production including the tapping of trees and the distillation of the resin. It also reviews recent trends in world production and markets for gum turpentine and gum rosin. The book is intended for prospective new producers of turpentine and rosin, and for organizations and individuals appraising projects involving their production. It is particularly intended for those in developing countries.
Author: Thomas C. Jester
Publisher: Getty Publications
ISBN: 1606063251
Category : Architecture
Languages : en
Pages : 354
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Book Description
Over the concluding decades of the twentieth century, the historic preservation community increasingly turned its attention to modern buildings, including bungalows from the 1930s, gas stations and diners from the 1940s, and office buildings and architectural homes from the 1950s. Conservation efforts, however, were often hampered by a lack of technical information about the products used in these structures, and to fill this gap Twentieth-Century Building Materials was developed by the U.S. Department of the Interior’s National Park Service and first published in 1995. Now, this invaluable guide is being reissued—with a new preface by the book’s original editor. With more than 250 illustrations, including a full-color photographic essay, the volume remains an indispensable reference on the history and conservation of modern building materials. Thirty-seven essays written by leading experts offer insights into the history, manufacturing processes, and uses of a wide range of materials, including glass block, aluminum, plywood, linoleum, and gypsum board. Readers will also learn about how these materials perform over time and discover valuable conservation and repair techniques. Bibliographies and sources for further research complete the volume. The book is intended for a wide range of conservation professionals including architects, engineers, conservators, and material scientists engaged in the conservation of modern buildings, as well as scholars in related disciplines.
Author: Xiaosu Yi
Publisher: MDPI
ISBN: 3038976903
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 154
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Book Description
Today, mainly man-made materials, such as carbon and glass fibers, are used to produce composite parts in aviation. Renewable materials, such as natural fibers or bio-sourced resin systems, have not yet found their way into aviation. The project ECO-COMPASS aims to evaluate the potential applications of ecologically improved composite materials in the aviation sector in an international collaboration of Chinese and European partners. Natural fibers such as flax and ramie will be used for different types of reinforcements and sandwich cores. Furthermore, bio-based epoxy resins to substitute bisphenol-A based epoxy resins in secondary structures are under investigation. Adapted material protection technologies to reduce environmental influence and to improve fire resistance are needed to fulfil the demanding safety requirements in aviation. Modelling and simulation of chosen eco-composites aims for an optimized use of materials while a Life Cycle Assessment aims to prove the ecological advantages compared to synthetic state-of-the-art materials. This Special Issue provides selected papers from the project consortium partners.
Author: Frederick Law Olmsted
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Enslaved persons
Languages : en
Pages : 756
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Book Description
Examines the economy and it's impact of slavery on the coast land slave states pre-Civil War.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Gums and resins
Languages : en
Pages : 220
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Book Description
This handbook aims to give in encyclopedic form, for ready reference, an illustrated summary to date of information on where and how pine gum, or oleoresin, is obtained from living trees with suggestions for improving methods of production. The information presented here, if applied, should result in more profitable returns from the forests, reduction of forest wastes, and improved products from the second-growth longleaf and slash pines in the Southeastern States.
Author: Joseph Kelly Turner
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Baptists
Languages : en
Pages : 568
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Book Description
Author: K. Husnu Can Baser
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1420063162
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 994
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Book Description
Egyptian hieroglyphs, Chinese scrolls, and Ayurvedic literature record physicians administering aromatic oils to their patients. Today society looks to science to document health choices and the oils do not disappoint. The growing body of evidence of their efficacy for more than just scenting a room underscores the need for production standards, quality control parameters for raw materials and finished products, and well-defined Good Manufacturing Practices. Edited by two renowned experts, the Handbook of Essential Oils covers all aspects of essential oils from chemistry, pharmacology, and biological activity, to production and trade, to uses and regulation. Bringing together significant research and market profiles, this comprehensive handbook provides a much-needed compilation of information related to the development, use, and marketing of essential oils, including their chemistry and biochemistry. A select group of authoritative experts explores the historical, biological, regulatory, and microbial aspects. This reference also covers sources, production, analysis, storage, and transport of oils as well as aromatherapy, pharmacology, toxicology, and metabolism. It includes discussions of biological activity testing, results of antimicrobial and antioxidant tests, and penetration-enhancing activities useful in drug delivery. New information on essential oils may lead to an increased understanding of their multidimensional uses and better, more ecologically friendly production methods. Reflecting the immense developments in scientific knowledge available on essential oils, this book brings multidisciplinary coverage of essential oils into one all-inclusive resource.
Author: Timothy Silver
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521387392
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 220
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Book Description
Silver traces the effects of English settlement on South Atlantic ecology, showing how three cultures interacted with their changing environment.
Author: Francis Peyre Porcher
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Botany
Languages : en
Pages : 640
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Book Description
