Author: Paul H. Nitze
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : National security
Languages : en
Pages : 12

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Author: P. H. NITZE
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Author: Daniel S. Hamilton
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781733733922
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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NATO's decision to open itself to new members and new missions is one of the most contentious and least understood issues of the post-Cold War world. This book, an unusual and intriguing blend of memoirs and scholarship, takes us back to the decade when those momentous decisions were made. Former senior officials from the United States, Russia, Western and Eastern Europe who were directly involved in the decisions of that time describe their considerations, concerns, and pressures. They are joined by scholars who have been able to draw on newly declassified archival sources to revisit NATO's evolving role in the 1990s.

Author: Michael E. O'Hanlon
Publisher: Brookings Institution Press
ISBN: 0815732589
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 171

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In this new Brookings Marshall Paper, Michael O'Hanlon argues that now is the time for Western nations to negotiate a new security architecture for neutral countries in eastern Europe to stabilize the region and reduce the risks of war with Russia. He believes NATO expansion has gone far enough. The core concept of this new security architecture would be one of permanent neutrality. The countries in question collectively make a broken-up arc, from Europe's far north to its south: Finland and Sweden; Ukraine, Moldova, and Belarus; Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan; and finally Cyprus plus Serbia, as well as possibly several other Balkan states. Discussion on the new framework should begin within NATO, followed by deliberation with the neutral countries themselves, and then formal negotiations with Russia. The new security architecture would require that Russia, like NATO, commit to help uphold the security of Ukraine, Georgia, Moldova, and other states in the region. Russia would have to withdraw its troops from those countries in a verifiable manner; after that, corresponding sanctions on Russia would be lifted. The neutral countries would retain their rights to participate in multilateral security operations on a scale comparable to what has been the case in the past, including even those operations that might be led by NATO. They could think of and describe themselves as Western states (or anything else, for that matter). If the European Union and they so wished in the future, they could join the EU. They would have complete sovereignty and self-determination in every sense of the word. But NATO would decide not to invite them into the alliance as members. Ideally, these nations would endorse and promote this concept themselves as a more practical way to ensure their security than the current situation or any other plausible alternative.

Author: Taylor B. Seybolt
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN: 0199252432
Category : Altruism
Languages : en
Pages : 314

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Military intervention in a conflict without a reasonable prospect of success is unjustifiable, especially when it is done in the name of humanity. Couched in the debate on the responsibility to protect civilians from violence and drawing on traditional 'just war' principles, the centralpremise of this book is that humanitarian military intervention can be justified as a policy option only if decision makers can be reasonably sure that intervention will do more good than harm. This book asks, 'Have past humanitarian military interventions been successful?' It defines success as saving lives and sets out a methodology for estimating the number of lives saved by a particular military intervention. Analysis of 17 military operations in six conflict areas that were thedefining cases of the 1990s-northern Iraq after the Gulf War, Somalia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Rwanda, Kosovo and East Timor-shows that the majority were successful by this measure. In every conflict studied, however, some military interventions succeeded while others failed, raising the question, 'Why have some past interventions been more successful than others?' This book argues that the central factors determining whether a humanitarian intervention succeeds are theobjectives of the intervention and the military strategy employed by the intervening states. Four types of humanitarian military intervention are offered: helping to deliver emergency aid, protecting aid operations, saving the victims of violence and defeating the perpetrators of violence. Thefocus on strategy within these four types allows an exploration of the political and military dimensions of humanitarian intervention and highlights the advantages and disadvantages of each of the four types.Humanitarian military intervention is controversial. Scepticism is always in order about the need to use military force because the consequences can be so dire. Yet it has become equally controversial not to intervene when a government subjects its citizens to massive violation of their basic humanrights. This book recognizes the limits of humanitarian intervention but does not shy away from suggesting how military force can save lives in extreme circumstances.

Author: Tomas Erazim
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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The political changes that took place in East and Central Europe during the end of the 1980s and at the beginning of the 1990s had a huge impact on the security structures in Europe. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization and its legitimacy was challenged when the former Soviet Empire started to crumble. This thesis addresses NATO's response to this legitimacy challenge. It is argued in the thesis that the response came in a two stage process. The first response was a debate where different reasons were given for NATO's continued existence. The thesis focuses only on the justifications used to maintain the organization. It was found that there were external and internal justifications and that the people partaking in the debate could be labelled either as belonging to the neorealist school or to the neoliberal school in the field of international relations. Neorealists tended to use more external justifications for keeping NATO. The external justifications are based more on threats than possibilities. It was argued that despite the absence of the Warsaw Pact, there were still threats that made NATO necessary. Neoliberal institutionalists used both external and internal justifications, but stressed the opportunities and NATO's positive effects as an international institution. The second response to the legitimacy challenge posed to NATO was a process of change where both new ways of thinking and new ways of structuring the organization emerged. Both schools of thought agree that NATO was adapting to the new reality, but used their own arguments from the first stage when explaining the changes. The conclusions drawn from the thesis are that NATO is needed as a security actor in Europe, and that the changes that NATO has undergone have been the right ones to satisfy both those who fear future conflicts and those who want to work for enhanced security. It is also concluded that in order to understand NATO's two responses, it is essential to study arguments from both schools of thought. The two schools have good arguments and they complement each other which makes an analysis covering both fruitful. NATO survived the legitimacy challenge and has recently decided to accept three new members in 1999. The process of change has not been an easy one for NATO, but the organization has without any doubt kept the position as the most important security actor in Europe. It is very likely that it will continue to keep that position for a long time to come.

Author: Robert E. Hunter
Publisher: Rand Corporation
ISBN: 0833032283
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 207

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Book Description
The emergence of the European Security and Defense Policy (ESDP) in the last two-thirds of the 1990s and continuing into the new century, has been a complex process intertwining politics, economics, national cultures, and numerous institutions. This book provides an essential background for understanding how security issues as between NATO and the European Union are being posed for the early part of the 21st century, including the new circumstances following the terrorist attacks in New York and Washington on September 11, 2001. This study should be of interest to those interested in the evolution of U.S.-European relations, especially in, but not limited to, the security field; the development of institutional relationships; and key choices that lie ahead in regard to these critical arrangements.

Author: Sten Rynning
Publisher: DIIS - Copenhagen
ISBN: 8776054322
Category : Defence policy
Languages : en
Pages : 196

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Author: Andreas Behnke
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 0415584531
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 250

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This book provides a critical investigation into the discursive processes through which the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) reproduced a geopolitical order after the end of the Cold War and the demise of its constitutive enemy, the Soviet Union.

Author: Ronald D. Asmus
Publisher: Columbia University Press
ISBN: 0231502397
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 425

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Book Description
How and why did NATO, a Cold War military alliance created in 1949 to counter Stalin's USSR, become the cornerstone of new security order for post-Cold War Europe? Why, instead of retreating from Europe after communism's collapse, did the U.S. launch the greatest expansion of the American commitment to the old continent in decades? Written by a high-level insider, Opening NATO's Door provides a definitive account of the ideas, politics, and diplomacy that went into the historic decision to expand NATO to Central and Eastern Europe. Drawing on the still-classified archives of the U.S. Department of State, Ronald D. Asmus recounts how and why American policy makers, against formidable odds at home and abroad, expanded NATO as part of a broader strategy to overcome Europe's Cold War divide and to modernize the Alliance for a new era. Asmus was one of the earliest advocates and intellectual architects of NATO enlargement to Central and Eastern Europe after the collapse of communism in the early 1990s and subsequently served as a top aide to Secretary of State Madeleine Albright and Deputy Secretary Strobe Talbott, responsible for European security issues. He was involved in the key negotiations that led to NATO's decision to extend invitations to Poland, Hungary, and the Czech Republic, the signing of the NATO-Russia Founding Act, and finally, the U.S. Senate's ratification of enlargement. Asmus documents how the Clinton Administration sought to develop a rationale for a new NATO that would bind the U.S. and Europe together as closely in the post-Cold War era as they had been during the fight against communism. For the Clinton Administration, NATO enlargement became the centerpiece of a broader agenda to modernize the U.S.-European strategic partnership for the future. That strategy reflected an American commitment to the spread of democracy and Western values, the importance attached to modernizing Washington's key alliances for an increasingly globalized world, and the fact that the Clinton Administration looked to Europe as America's natural partner in addressing the challenges of the twenty-first century. As the Alliance weighs its the future following the September 11 terrorist attacks on the U.S. and prepares for a second round of enlargement, this book is required reading about the first post-Cold War effort to modernize NATO for a new era.