Searching for a Mechanism

Searching for a Mechanism PDF Author: John N. Prebble
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN: 0190866144
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 297

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Book Description
Searching for a Mechanism traces the history of cell bioenergetics from the early notions of science in the Enlightenment through to the end of the twentieth century. Author John N. Prebble's treatment of this history falls into five periods, from the 1600's to the present day. The "bioenergetics revolution" has long been overlooked because it occurred simultaneously as the other major biological revolution of the twentieth century: the development of molecular biology. This book aims to provide the first thorough history of bioenergetics. The story of cell bioenergetics is primarily concerned with the synthesis of ATP (adenosine triphosphate), sometimes referred to as the energy currency of the cell. In fact the term 'bioenergetics' was probably not introduced into the field until Albert Szent-Gyorgyi published a small book under that title in 1957. Despite the twentieth century focus of the subject matter, the history of this field commences with the work of those in the seventeenth century who sought to understand the process of breathing and passes through metabolic biochemistry concluding with the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of key enzymes in bioenergetics. Although the story of metabolic biochemistry (which is often taken to include bioenergetics) essentially belongs to the twentieth century, progress in this area cannot be understood without recourse to previous centuries. Thus from the seventeenth century onwards it is possible to trace a path of early thinking which eventually laid the ground work for the dramatic success of twentieth century studies.

Searching for a Mechanism

Searching for a Mechanism PDF Author: John N. Prebble
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN: 0190866144
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 297

Get Book

Book Description
Searching for a Mechanism traces the history of cell bioenergetics from the early notions of science in the Enlightenment through to the end of the twentieth century. Author John N. Prebble's treatment of this history falls into five periods, from the 1600's to the present day. The "bioenergetics revolution" has long been overlooked because it occurred simultaneously as the other major biological revolution of the twentieth century: the development of molecular biology. This book aims to provide the first thorough history of bioenergetics. The story of cell bioenergetics is primarily concerned with the synthesis of ATP (adenosine triphosphate), sometimes referred to as the energy currency of the cell. In fact the term 'bioenergetics' was probably not introduced into the field until Albert Szent-Gyorgyi published a small book under that title in 1957. Despite the twentieth century focus of the subject matter, the history of this field commences with the work of those in the seventeenth century who sought to understand the process of breathing and passes through metabolic biochemistry concluding with the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of key enzymes in bioenergetics. Although the story of metabolic biochemistry (which is often taken to include bioenergetics) essentially belongs to the twentieth century, progress in this area cannot be understood without recourse to previous centuries. Thus from the seventeenth century onwards it is possible to trace a path of early thinking which eventually laid the ground work for the dramatic success of twentieth century studies.

Chasing Pain: The Search for a Neurobiological Mechanism

Chasing Pain: The Search for a Neurobiological Mechanism PDF Author: Kenneth L. Casey
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0190920084
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 208

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Book Description
Conceptual models of how pain is created influence medical practice, neuroscientific research, and philosophical ideas about pain and other neurological functions. Given the broad scope of pain experiences, realistic models of pain neurobiology must consider the correlation between pain and tissue damage and how it is strongly affected by neurological disease, emotionally compelling circumstances, and by complex cognitive processes. Recent discoveries have made it clear that both sensory and affective systems are strongly modulated by activity in other sensory pathways and by affective and cognitive processes originating in the brain. As a result, pain should then be conceived as emerging from the conjoint activity of both sensory and affective neural systems, each becoming a target for pain treatment. Historically, pain has been conceived as emerging either from an undefined pattern of neural activity or from anatomically and physiologically unique structures in the nervous system. Observations made during the early and mid- 20th century showed that pain and pain-like behaviors normally require not only sensory detectors of noxious events (called nociceptors) but also brain affective (hedonic) mechanisms that generate emotional experience and expression. In Chasing Pain, pain specialists and neuroscientists will find a thoughtful discussion of the neuroscientific and clinical evidence that has led to contemporary concepts of pain neurobiology and how pain might emerge from neuronal activity. Written in a concise and annotated format, Doctor Kenneth Casey reveals that while contemporary research has greatly enriched our model of pain neurobiology, several important and therapeutically challenging clinical conditions remain poorly understood.

A comprehensive mechanism for hotel recommendation to achieve personalized search engine

A comprehensive mechanism for hotel recommendation to achieve personalized search engine PDF Author: Ying Huang
Publisher: Infinite Study
ISBN:
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 13

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Book Description
Search engines are as important as recommender systems for hotel selections. However, the recommended lists of search engines are usually non-personalized and low accuracy. In order to deal with these issues in search engines, a comprehensive mechanism for hotel recommendation is proposed. In this mechanism, we consider users’ personalized preferences by identifying users’ attributes about interest, trust and consumption capacity. Meanwhile, the quantification method for each attribute is presented by using fuzzy theory. Moreover, this paper improves the method to evaluate the hotel, which respects to the criteria price, rating, and online review by using fuzzy theory. In addition, this proposed approach uses TOPSIS, a classical multi-criteria decision making method, to improve the accuracy further. Finally, a case study is conducted based on Tripadvisor.com to illustrate the validity of the proposed method for hotel recommendation in search engines. The results of the case study indicate that it not only solves the problem of non-personalization, but also improves the accuracy in search engine.

Dynamics and Mechanism of DNA-Bending Proteins in Binding Site Recognition

Dynamics and Mechanism of DNA-Bending Proteins in Binding Site Recognition PDF Author: Yogambigai Velmurugu
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319451294
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 199

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Book Description
Using a novel approach that combines high temporal resolution of the laser T-jump technique with unique sets of fluorescent probes, this study unveils previously unresolved DNA dynamics during search and recognition by an architectural DNA bending protein and two DNA damage recognition proteins. Many cellular processes involve special proteins that bind to specific DNA sites with high affinity. How these proteins recognize their sites while rapidly searching amidst ~3 billion nonspecific sites in genomic DNA remains an outstanding puzzle. Structural studies show that proteins severely deform DNA at specific sites and indicate that DNA deformability is a key factor in site-specific recognition. However, the dynamics of DNA deformations have been difficult to capture, thus obscuring our understanding of recognition mechanisms. The experiments presented in this thesis uncover, for the first time, rapid (~100-500 microseconds) DNA unwinding/bending attributed to nonspecific interrogation, prior to slower (~5-50 milliseconds) DNA kinking/bending/nucleotide-flipping during recognition. These results help illuminate how a searching protein interrogates DNA deformability and eventually “stumbles” upon its target site. Submillisecond interrogation may promote preferential stalling of the rapidly scanning protein at cognate sites, thus enabling site-recognition. Such multi-step search-interrogation-recognition processes through dynamic conformational changes may well be common to the recognition mechanisms for diverse DNA-binding proteins.

Evaluating Evidence of Mechanisms in Medicine

Evaluating Evidence of Mechanisms in Medicine PDF Author: Veli-Pekka Parkkinen
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319946102
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 125

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Book Description
This book is open access under a CC BY license. This book is the first to develop explicit methods for evaluating evidence of mechanisms in the field of medicine. It explains why it can be important to make this evidence explicit, and describes how to take such evidence into account in the evidence appraisal process. In addition, it develops procedures for seeking evidence of mechanisms, for evaluating evidence of mechanisms, and for combining this evaluation with evidence of association in order to yield an overall assessment of effectiveness. Evidence-based medicine seeks to achieve improved health outcomes by making evidence explicit and by developing explicit methods for evaluating it. To date, evidence-based medicine has largely focused on evidence of association produced by clinical studies. As such, it has tended to overlook evidence of pathophysiological mechanisms and evidence of the mechanisms of action of interventions. The book offers a useful guide for all those whose work involves evaluating evidence in the health sciences, including those who need to determine the effectiveness of health interventions and those who need to ascertain the effects of environmental exposures.

Implementing Electronic Document and Record Management Systems

Implementing Electronic Document and Record Management Systems PDF Author: Azad Adam
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 084938060X
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 282

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Book Description
The global shift toward delivering services online requires organizations to evolve from using traditional paper files and storage to more modern electronic methods. There has however been very little information on just how to navigate this change-until now. Implementing Electronic Document and Record Management Systems explains how to efficiently

First International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Computing

First International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Computing PDF Author: Raju Surampudi Bapi
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9811315809
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 716

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Book Description
This book presents original research works by researchers, engineers and practitioners in the field of artificial intelligence and cognitive computing. The book is divided into two parts, the first of which focuses on artificial intelligence (AI), knowledge representation, planning, learning, scheduling, perception-reactive AI systems, evolutionary computing and other topics related to intelligent systems and computational intelligence. In turn, the second part focuses on cognitive computing, cognitive science and cognitive informatics. It also discusses applications of cognitive computing in medical informatics, structural health monitoring, computational intelligence, intelligent control systems, bio-informatics, smart manufacturing, smart grids, image/video processing, video analytics, medical image and signal processing, and knowledge engineering, as well as related applications.

Mastering Splunk

Mastering Splunk PDF Author: James Miller
Publisher: Packt Publishing Ltd
ISBN: 1782173846
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 489

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Book Description
This book is for those Splunk developers who want to learn advanced strategies to deal with big data from an enterprise architectural perspective. You need to have good working knowledge of Splunk.

Game Theoretic Problems in Network Economics and Mechanism Design Solutions

Game Theoretic Problems in Network Economics and Mechanism Design Solutions PDF Author: Y. Narahari
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1848009380
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 274

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Book Description
This monograph focuses on exploring game theoretic modeling and mechanism design for problem solving in Internet and network economics. For the first time, the main theoretical issues and applications of mechanism design are bound together in a single text.

Modeling and Computation in Engineering III

Modeling and Computation in Engineering III PDF Author: Lei Zhang
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1138026808
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 320

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Book Description
The demands of modeling and computation in engineering are rapidly growing as a multidisciplinary area with connections to engineering, mathematics and computer science. Modeling and Computation in Engineering III contains 45 technical papers from the 3rd International Conference on Modeling and Computation in Engineering (CMCE 2014, 28-29 June 2014, including 2014 Hydraulic Engineering and Environment Workshop, HEEW 2014). The conference serves as a major forum for researchers, engineers and manufacturers to share recent advances, discuss problems, and identify challenges associated with modeling technology, simulation technology and tools, computation methods and their engineering applications. The contributions showcase recent developments in the areas of civil engineering, hydraulic engineering, environmental engineering and systems engineering, and other related fields. The contributions in this book mainly focus on advanced theories and technology related to modeling and computation in civil engineering, hydraulic structures, hydropower and management, coastal reclamation and environmental assessment, flood control, irrigation and drainage, water resources and water treatment, environmental management and sustainability, waste management and environmental protection, pollution and control, geology and geography, mechanics in engineering, numerical software and applications. Although these papers represent only modest advances toward modeling and computation problems in engineering, some of the technologies might be key factors in the success of future engineering advances. It is expected that this book will stimulate new ideas, methods and applications in ongoing engineering advances. Modeling and Computation in Engineering III will be invaluable to academics and professionals in civil engineering, hydraulic engineering and environmental engineering.