Saharan Dust Transport Over Ther North Atlantic Ocean PDF Download
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Languages : en
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Author: Stefano Guerzoni
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0792342941
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 415
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Book Description
The atmosphere is an important pathway for the transport of continentally-derived material to the oceans. In this respect the Mediterranean Sea is of special importance because its atmosphere receives inputs of anthropogenic aerosols from the north and desert- derived Saharan dusts from the south. The dusts, much of which is transported in the form of seasonal `pulses', have important effects on climate, marine chemistry and sedimentation in the Mediterranean Sea. This volume brings together reviews and specific-topic papers on the following aspects of Saharan dust transport to the Mediterranean Sea: (i) the modelling of Saharan dust transport, (ii) the chemistry and mineralogy of the dusts and their effect on precipitation, (iii) the contribution of the dusts to marine sedimentation, (iv) the aerobiology of the dusts, and (v) climatic implications of Saharan dust transport. The volume is aimed at students and researchers with an interest in the climate, biogeochemistry and geology of the Mediterranean Sea.
Author: Margaret Leinen
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400909950
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 904
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Book Description
The NATO Advanced Research Workshop on "Paleoclimatology and Paleometeorology: Modem and Past Patterns of Global Atmospheric Transport" (held at Oracle, Arizona, USA from November 17-19, 1987) brought together atmospheric chemists, physicists, and meteorologists who study the origin and transport of modem-day mineral and biological aerosols with geologists and paleobotanists who study the sedimentary record of eolian and hydrologic processes along with modelers who study and conceptualize the processes influencing atmospheric transport at present and in the past. Presentations at the workshop provided a guide to our present knowledge of the entire spectrum of processes and phenomena important to the generation, transport, and deposition of eolian terrigenous material that ultimately becomes part of the geologic record and the modeling techniques that used to represent these processes. The presenta tions on the geologic record of eolian deposition documented our present understanding of the na~e and causes of climate change on time scales of the last glacial ages (tens of thousands of years) to time scales over which the arrangement of continents, mountains, and oceans has changed sub stantially (tens of millions of years). There has been a growing recognition of the importance of global climatic changes to the future well-being of humanity. In particular, the climatic response to human alterations to the earth's surface and chemical composition has led to concern over the agricultural, ecological, and societal impacts of such potential global changes.
Author: Nidia Martínez Avellaneda
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 364055597X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 114
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Book Description
Doctoral Thesis / Dissertation from the year 2010 in the subject Geography / Earth Science - Meteorology, Aeronomy, Climatology, grade: Sehr Gut, University of Hamburg (Institute of Oceanography), language: English, abstract: The erosion of Saharan soil is the World's largest annual source of mineral dust aerosols, resulting in a deposition of more than 40% of the global atmospheric dust into the North Atlantic (NA). By changing the atmospheric opacity, mineral dust can alter the shortwave radiative forcing at the surface of the ocean, altering the ocean mixed layer heat budget and therefore affecting the sea surface temperature (SST). Moreover, changes of the total amount of energy received at the ocean surface have an impact on the ocean circulation. In this thesis we combine several satellite observations, in-situ radiation measurements, a 1D mixed layer model of the ocean, and various versions of a 3D general ocean circulation model, to study the impact of Saharan dust on the circulation of the NA. A buoyancy source generated by realistic dust-induced shortwave flux anomalies is imposed in the eastern NA and the differences between this simulation and an unperturbed one are investigated in terms of the ocean dynamical adjustment and changes in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). A joint analysis of aerosol optical depth retrievals from the MODIS sensor and SST from the TMI sensor for the period 2000-2006 shows a decrease in SST of 0.2° to 0.4°C simultaneously with, or shortly after, strong dust outbreaks, which is consistent with an independent estimate of SST decrease simulated by a local 1D mixed layer model. A comparison between observed TMI SST fields and simulated SSTs with an eddy-permitting model of the NA suggests a local cooling of about 0.5°C on sub-seasonal to interannual time-scales. Results of the 3D simulations show that an advection of the ocean properties ocurs in response to the buoyancy source in the eastern subtropical NA. The eddies and baroclinic instabilities present in the ocean advect the signal towards the west and back towards the east. Once they have reached the African coast, they trigger westward propagating Rossby waves. The time-mean differences of AMOC between the perturbed and unperturbed simulations show an increased meridional transport at 38°N and 43°N of 0.55 and 0.45 Sv, respectively, and a decreased AMOC at 40°N and 45°N of 0.2 Sv. We conclude that the effect of Saharan dust should be incorporated in ocean numerical simulations, specially under the frame of climate change studies when a changing dust load of the atmosphere in response to a changing climate could be possible.
Author: Peter Knippertz
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9401789789
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 526
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Book Description
This volume presents state-of-the-art research about mineral dust, including results from field campaigns, satellite observations, laboratory studies, computer modelling and theoretical studies. Dust research is a new, dynamic and fast-growing area of science and due to its multiple roles in the Earth system, dust has become a fascinating topic for many scientific disciplines. Aspects of dust research covered in this book reach from timescales of minutes (as with dust devils, cloud processes and radiation) to millennia (as with loess formation and oceanic sediments), making dust both a player and recorder of environmental change. The book is structured in four main parts that explore characteristics of dust, the global dust cycle, impacts of dust on the Earth system, and dust as a climate indicator. The chapters in these parts provide a comprehensive, detailed overview of this highly interdisciplinary subject. The contributions presented here cover dust from source to sink and describe all the processes dust particles undergo while travelling through the atmosphere. Chapters explore how dust is lifted and transported, how it affects radiation, clouds, regional circulations, precipitation and chemical processes in the atmosphere and how it deteriorates air quality. The book explores how dust is removed from the atmosphere by gravitational settling, turbulence or precipitation, how iron contained in dust fertilizes terrestrial and marine ecosystems, and about the role that dust plays in human health. We learn how dust is observed, simulated using computer models and forecast. The book also details the role of dust deposits for climate reconstructions. Scientific observations and results are presented, along with numerous illustrations. This work has an interdisciplinary appeal and will engage scholars in geology, geography, chemistry, meteorology and physics, amongst others with an interest in the Earth system and environmental change. body>
Author: Stefano Guerzoni
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401733546
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 390
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Book Description
The atmosphere is an important pathway for the transport of continentally-derived material to the oceans. In this respect the Mediterranean Sea is of special importance because its atmosphere receives inputs of anthropogenic aerosols from the north and desert- derived Saharan dusts from the south. The dusts, much of which is transported in the form of seasonal `pulses', have important effects on climate, marine chemistry and sedimentation in the Mediterranean Sea. This volume brings together reviews and specific-topic papers on the following aspects of Saharan dust transport to the Mediterranean Sea: (i) the modelling of Saharan dust transport, (ii) the chemistry and mineralogy of the dusts and their effect on precipitation, (iii) the contribution of the dusts to marine sedimentation, (iv) the aerobiology of the dusts, and (v) climatic implications of Saharan dust transport. The volume is aimed at students and researchers with an interest in the climate, biogeochemistry and geology of the Mediterranean Sea.
Author: Andrew S. Goudie
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540323554
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 287
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Book Description
Dust storms are a vital component of the environment. This book explores and summarises recent research on where dust storms originate, why dust storms are generated, where dust is transported and deposited, the nature of dust deposits and the changing frequency of dust storms over a range of time-scales. It is the first global study of causes and effects of dust storms, which are one of the increasing nature catastrophes.
Author: Guillaume A. D'Almeida
Publisher: A. Deepak Publishing
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 592
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Book Description
Author: Laura Franziska Korte
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789402811315
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 251
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Book Description
Author: S.J. McLaren
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0792366387
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 269
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Book Description
Our views and understanding of variations in climate, geomorphological processes and the interrelationships that exist between climatic changes and land surface changes, both now and in the past, have developed greatly over the last decade. This book aims to encapsulate some of these recent advances and focuses on the integration of research that has been conducted by geomorphologists and climatologists on linking climate and land surface changes. This book is divided into two main parts: Section A incorporates research that has concentrated on short-term variations in climate, whilst Section B looks at some of the work on long-term climate variability. The volume concludes with a summary chapter that brings together the various ideas that have been presented in this work and other recent research in this general field. This text will be of interest to upper level students of geomorphology, Quaternary studies, climatology, earth sciences, and environmental studies. It will also be of use to researchers in these fields.
